allied health- anatomy, physiology, and disease the basics

the three general cavities of the body include: the thoracic cavity, the abdominopelvic cavity, and the _____ cavity.

dorsal

cubital

elbow

when considering the appendicular region, cubital means....

elbow

facial

face

facial region

face

true or false: the terms right and left change for a structure depending on whether the viewer is looking at the structure from the front or from the back

false

distal

farther from the connection to the body

deep

farther from the surface (used for layered structures

inferior

farther from the top of the head(used for head, neck, and trunk)

Anterior or Ventral

front or belly side

inguinal

groin

physiology

is the study of exactly how all of these structures function

patellar

knee

pelvic

lower end of the trunk

Thoracic: pleural cavities pericardial cavity

lungs heart

the anatomical term of direction that describes a structure located toward the back or behind another structure is_________

posterior (dorsal)

a structure of an arm or leg is____ to another structure if it is located closer to the trunk or point of attachment

proximal

the directional term used when one structure is located closer to the top of the head than another structure is_____

superior

the eyebrows are____ to the chest

superior

Anatomical cavities

there are 3 general cavities- the dorsal cavity, the thoracic cavity, and the abdominopelvic cavity- that can be further subdivided.

the appendicular region of the body includes the

upper and lower extremities

what is the greater omentum?

* it looks like a fatty apron lying over the abdominal organs * it is an extension of the visceral peritoneum. *it is a membrane that extends from the inferior margin of the stomach

serous membranes associated with the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities include the:

* pleura *pericardium *peritoneum

the cavity that contains the urinary bladder, internal reproductive organs, and rectum is the _____ cavity

*pelvic

the abdominal region can be divided into either four ____ or into _____ regions similar to tic-tac-toe grid

*quadrants *nine

if a student sunbathes on his/her back with palms up, the student is in a ____ position. but if he/she is positioned on his/her belly with palms down, he/she would be in a ______ position.

*supine *prone

anatomical positions

anatomical terms may also be used to describe body position, such as standard anatomical position, which appears earlier in this chapter.

the branch of science concerned with the structure of body parts is called_____

anatomy

tarsal

ankle

prone and supine

are terms that may be used to describe the position of either the entire body or individual parts of the body such as the hands. For example, your hands would be in a supine position if you held them out in from of you, palms facing up.

brachial

arm

axillary

armpit

axillary region

armpit

the axillary region is the

armpit

appendicular

arms and legs

a structure described as being lateral is ________

away from the midline

lateral

away from the midline of the body

the region of the body that includes the head, neck and trunk is the ______ region.

axial

posterior or dorsal

back side

abdominal

belly

abdominal region

belly

umbilical region

belly

Dorsal: cranial cavity Vertebral cavity

brain spinal cord

proximal

closer to the connection to the body

superficial

closer to the surface (used for layered structures)

superior

closer to the top of the head (used for head, neck, and trunk

a structure that is located away from the body surface is described as being_____

deep

a term that describes the position of a structure that is beneath another structure and away from the body surface is________

deep

inguinal region

groin

cephalic or cranial

head

cephalic region

head

structures located in the axial body region are the_____

head,neck and trunk

the right and left iliac regions lie on each side of the _____ region

hypogastric

on the trunk of the body, a structure that is located below another (closer to the feet) is said to be___ to it

inferior

the neck is farther from the head than the mouth, the neck is________ to the mouth

inferior

anatomy

is the study of body structures, including structures of all sizes, from microscopic red blood cells to the heart, which is the size of a fist

pelvic region

lower end of trunk

in describing the position of anatomical structures, closer to the midline means?

medial

the sections of the peritoneal membrane where the parietal peritoneum comes back parallel to itself are the_____

mesenteries

umbilical

naval

how can the abdominal region be divided?

nine regions

left

on the body's left side (not the viewer's left side)

right

on the body's right side (not the viewer's right side)

palmar

palms of the hands

the knee is in the ____ region

patellar

the study of the function of the body and its parts is

physiology

the heart is located____ to the sternum (breast bone)

posterior

the kidneys and pancreas are ____ because they are between the parietal peritoneum and the posterior abdominal wall.

retroperitoneal

frontal or coronal

separates anterior from posterior (from from the back)

sagittal

separates right from left. if the plane is exactly down the midline of the body, it is midsagittal

transverse or horizontal

separates top from bottom; commonly called a cross section

double-layered membranes that contain fluid between the 2 layers are called______ membranes

serous membranes

plantar

soles of the feet

standing upright with arms at sides and palms forward is referred to as being in the standard _____________position

standard anatomical position

a structure described as closer to the surface is_______

superficial

femoral

thigh

the mediastinum is located in the _____ cavity

thoracic

medial

toward the midline of the body

a structure located to the front of another structure is considered to be _______

ventral

the portion of a serous membrane in direct contact with an organ is_____

visceral

carpal

wrist

the sternum (breast bone is_____ to the heart

anterior

prone

anterior surface facing down

supine

anterior surface facing up

a structure to the front of another is

anterior(ventral)

thoracic

chest

thoracic region

chest

visceral peritoneum

covers the abdominal organs

visceral pericardium

covers the heart

visceral pleura

covers the lungs

a term that describes the position of a structure that is beneath another structure and away from the body surface is_____

deep

abdominopelvic: abdominal cavity pelvic cavity

digestive organs, spleen urinary bladder, rectum, reproductive organs

the part of an arm or leg that is located farther from the trunk than another structure is said to be________

distal

when considering the appendicular region, cubital means

elbow

the greater and lesser omentum are_____

extensions of the visceral peritoneum

on the trunk of the body, a structure that is located below another (closer to the feet) is said to be _____ to it.

inferior

which of the following organs are retroperitoneal

kidneys

structures located away from the midline are said to be _____

lateral

the ears are_____ and superior to the neck..

lateral

this figure shows that the stomach is on the ______ side of the body

left

parietal peritoneum

lines the abdominal wall

parietal pleura

lines the thoracic cavity

the space between the pleural cavities that contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus, and major vessels is the __________

mediastinum

what are the sections of the peritoneal membrane where the parietal peritoneum comes back parallel to itself?

mesenteries

the portion of a serous membrane in contact with an organ is visceral and the portion of a serous membrane not in contact with an organ is_____________. fluid is located between the 2 portions.

peritoneal

anatomical terms

picture the body in the (standard anatomical position) before you begin to identify and describe the location of a structure. A body in the standard anatomical position looks like this: The body is upright, the legs are closer together, the feet are flat on the floor, the arms are close to the sides, and the head, toes, and palms of the hands are facing forward.

a term that describes a body part of an arm or leg that is closer to a point of attachment to the trunk than another body part is_____

proximal

bilateral

relating to or affecting two sides

the live is mostly in the ______

right upper quadrant

the term of relative position that refers to a body part located closer to the top of the head is _____

superior

Anatomical regions

the 2 major regions of the body are the (axial) -head, neck and trunk. and the (appendicular region) -arms and legs these regions are further subdivided. The abdominal region can be divided in either of 2 ways: into 4 quadrants or into 9 regions similar to a tic-tac-toe grid.

where are meninges located?

they line the vertebral and cranial cavities.

the 3 general cavities in the body are the dorsal cavity, the abdominopelvic cavity and the ________ cavity

thoracic