American Government Midterm Exam (Ch. 1 Review)

One example of government focus on equality of outcome is

Affirmative action programs

Communitarian are willing to use government to promote both order and

Equality

Under the US Constitution, the national government

lacks a general police power

Using the state to redistribute income is a policy based on

the philosophy of Karl Marx

A pure _____________ would even protest traffic laws

Anarchist

In a globalized world we are sometimes closely tied through trade to former enemies. In 2014-2015, which country supplied nearly one-third of foreign students in American educational institutions?

China

Compared to citizens in other nations, Americans are more likely to

Choose freedom over equality

According to the text, only libertarians and ______________ are consistent in their attitude toward the score of government activity

Communitarians

During his 2016 campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination, Vermont Senator Bernie Sanders had difficulty explaining his political views as a

Democratic socialist

Franklin Roosevelt's four freedoms included all of the following except

Freedom from inequality

Which of the following is not categorized as a civil liberty in the United States?

Freedom of equality

Which political philosopher inspired the phrase "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" in the Declaration of Independence?

John Locke

Which of the following philosophers is usually associated with socialism?

Karl Marx

______________ are more likely to favor generous government support for education and housing

Liberals

A(n) ___________ is likely to believe that helping the needy should be a matter of individual choice

Libertarian

According to your text, the difference between libertarianism and John Locke-inspired liberalism is

Libertarianism puts a greater emphasis on individual freedom

In general, liberalism is characterized by

Opposing all government action except what protects life and property

According to the text, the concept of _________ encompasses preserving life, protecting property, and maintaining patterns of social relationships

Order

The value of using political concepts in understanding government is that they

Provide for a broader view than looking at specific events

Two nations with deep ties to the principle of communism that have moved in the direction of more private property are

Russia and China

Western Europe's experience with democratic socialism demonstrates that

Socialism can be practiced along with personal freedoms and democratic participation

A person who favors government ownership of some basic industries and a strong government role in directing economy would best be labeled a

Socialist

Democratic governments that have in the decades since World War II been, at times, avowedly socialist include

Sweden and Germany

The government's role in redistributing income to promote equality has been a major source of debate in the United States ever since

The Great Depression

Which political philosopher expressed the sentiment that life in a state of nature would be "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short?"

Thomas Hobbes

Protection of private property is NOT a valid objective of government according to

Thomas Jefferson

Anarchism is the political opposite of

Totalitarianism

John Locke's view of government are expressed in

Two Treatises on Government

National sovereignty is defined as

a political entity's externally recognized right to exercise final authority over its affairs

Thomas Hobbes's ideal form of government was

a single ruler with unquestioned authority

In his 2014 State of the Union address, President Obama proposed that the minimum wage

be raised to $10.10

Government actions that are commonly engaged in by the US government include

building interstate roads

Although globalization can threaten national security, this can create desirable outcomes, as shown by the international community's attempt to force Bashar al-Assad to surrender Syria's

chemical weapons

Documents leaked by Edward Snowden showed that the National Security Agency had

collected data on domestic phone conversations of ordinary Americans

Americans are likely to think of freedom and equality as

complementary

According to the text, politicians openly call for more order

during times of social strife

Capitalism is best described as a(n)

economic system in which production and property are privately owned, with a minimum of government interference

The notion that American public schools are open to all is an example of

equality of opportunity

When one person has the same chance to succeed in life as another, this is called

equality of opportunity

If universities increase funding for women's sports so that they receive comparable funding to men's, that is an example of

equality of outcome

Social order is usually defined as

established patterns of authority and traditional modes of behavior

During the 1990s, Congress prohibited private businesses from discriminating in employment, public services, and public accommodations on the basis of physical or mental disabilities. This act creates a clash between

freedom and equality

Communist regimes that gave their police great powers to arrest and imprison suspicious people raised a conflict between

freedom and order

When the authors say that we live in an era of "globalization" they mean that citizens and nations are increasingly

interdependent

Since the overthrow of its military strongman Muammar Gaddafi in 2011, Libya has experienced

lawlessness

Government can promote social equality through policies other than income redistribution. According to the text, in 2015, the Supreme Court promoted equality when it held that _______ was/were unconstitutional.

laws banning same-sex marriages

As derived from John Locke's philosophy, the doctrine of liberalism holds that government should

leave citizens free to further their individual pursuits

The broad, basic definition of government given by the text is

legitimate use of force within specified geographic boundaries to control human behavior

An American, who supports the creation of election districts that are likely to vote for minority candidates for public office and wants more restrictions on business owners' hiring decisions, is likely to be a

liberal

According to Thomas Hobbes, author of Leviathan, the proper objective of government is to

maintain order

Using a two-dimensional model of political ideology, conservatives are more likely to support

order over freedom, freedom over equality

Each citizen having one vote demonstrates

political equality

A consistent set of values and beliefs about the proper purpose and scope of government is a(n)

political ideology

Most governments at least claim to ___________ while they maintain order.

preserve individual freedom

Services that benefit all citizens and are not likely to be produced by the voluntary acts of individuals are known as

public goods

Although the United States is a capitalist country, the government does intervene in the economic arena, primarily through

regulating private businesses

Hobbes's state of nature refers to

society without government

National _______ means that each national government is given the right to govern its own people as it wishes and no other nation can interfere with that

sovereignty

A government pursuing laissez-faire policies would

take a hands-off attitude toward the economy

An example of a government policy that promotes social equality without redistributing income is

the U.S Supreme Court holding that state laws banning same-sex marriage were unconstitutional.

The national government can act on individuals if

the action is based on a constitutionally delegated power.

The broad, basic definition nition of politics given by the text is

the authoritative allocation of values for a society

An underlying assumption of the text is that perfect freedom and order can never be achieved because

these two values are inherently in conflict and cannot be provided simultaneously

Desire to avoid potential foreign prosecution of its soldiers and desire to continue practicing the death penalty led the United States in 2002 to

withdraw from 1998 treaty creating an International Criminal Court