American History Section 23

Those who physically fight a war are...

combatants.

The Selective Service Act...

created a national draft.

Powerful new weapons such as machine guns and heavy artillery led both sides to...

dig trenches in the ground for protection.

The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk...

forced Russia to give up large amounts of territory to the Central Powers.

The American Expeditionary Force were mostly...

infantry, or soldiers who fight on foot.

machine gun:

intimidating, new technology, an advancement It affected the war for the combatants by producing more casualties during the war and weakening the opposing force.

World War I was the first war in which...

large numbers of American soldiers were sent to fight overseas

The most widely used weapon on the battlefield in World War I was...

the rifle.

poison gas:

threatening to health, quite stealthy, yellow-green cloud It affected the war for the combatants by creating a new method of deceiving one another. Most of the gases released during the battles and wars would be life threatening and would wipe out a bunch of an army.

During World War I, much of the fighting took place in deep, fortified ditches. This type of combat was called...

trench warfare.

battleships

the largest and most heavily armored type of warship

Why did General Pershing want the American forces to fight separate from the Allied forces?

1. If America did well, they would have more of a say in the peace making process 2. More aggressive military strategies than the Allied forces 3. Didn't support the defensive war from the trenches

How did it change the war: Trench Warfare

A form of warfare in which armies conduct attacks on each other from opposition positions in fortified trenches. Much different from the traditional style of standing in a line and exchanging bullets.

How did the invention of the machine gun affect military strategy?

A group of machine gunners could easily stop a much larger force.

What was a zeppelin?

A high-flying, gas-filled airship used for scouting or bombing raids

Selective Service Act

A law passed by Congress in 1917 to create a national draft for the military

What is a combatant?

A person engaged in fighting during a war

How did it change the war: Chemical Weapons

A weapon that utilize toxic agents such as poison gas to kill or harm many people.

369th Regiment (Known by the Germans as "Hell Fighters")

African-American regiment of the U.S. Army during WWI

How did it change the war: Submarine

Allowed forces to operate in the ocean with stealth.

Explain the song "On Patrol in No Man's Land"

Catchy tune that warns of the harsh realities of WWI

The Meuse-Argonne Offensive resulted in...

Germany's agreement to an armistice.

The first country to use chemical weapons in World War I was...

Germany.

Why did General Pershing want American troops to remain in the AEF, rather than serve in Allied units?

He did not approve of the Allied strategy of fighting a defensive war from the trenches. He felt that if AEF did well, the U.S. would have a greater role in the peacemaking process. He advocated tactics that were more forceful and offensive than the Allies wanted.

How did it change the war: Battleship

Heavily armed ships changed how naval warfare was fought. Led to armored submarines.

How did the government try to get young men to comply with the draft?

It launched a major propaganda campaign.

Which statement is true?

More than 8 million soldiers died, and 21 million were injured during the war. The war caused horrific damage to farms, forests, factories, towns, and homes throughout Europe. Millions of civilians died of starvation, disease, and other war-related causes.

Why did trench warfare lead to a stalemate?

Neither side could find a way to get its troops safely across no-man's land?

Explain the song "Over There" and its meaning

Pro-war propaganda

What's the big deal: New Military Technologies

Revolutionized how war was fought and increased the number of causalities of both sides by great numbers.

What's the big deal: Russian Revolution of 1917

Russia reached a deal with the Central Powers and withdrew from the fighting on the Eastern Front. Germany could then focus their power on the Western Front.

What effect did the Russian Revolution of 1917 have on World War I?

Russia withdrew from the war and ended the fighting on the eastern front.

Infantry

Soldiers who fight on foot

What's the big deal: Convoy System

The Convoy System resulted in a great reduction in of effectiveness of U-boat attacks.

Meuse-Argonne Offensive

The final Allied offensive that brought about the end of WWI. (The AEF's goal was to break through the German line to reach the Sedan railroad in northern France. This rail line was the German army's main line of supply and communication with Germany.)

American Expeditionary Force (AEF or "Doughboys")

The first U.S. military force to be deployed to France in June 1917

What happened after Britain introduced the HMS Dreadnought?

The major naval powers began replacing their old fleets with similar battleships.

What's the big deal: 369th Regiment

They were the exception to the American policy of American troops not fighting along side the Allied forces. The all-black regiment were known as "hell fighters" to the Germans and were awarded the highest military honors from the French.

What's the big deal: Meuse-Argonne Offensive

This 6 week offensive was the final push by the Allies to force Germany to surrender.

tank:

big, powerful, intimidating It affected the war for the combatants by supplying protection from the ongoing war zone. It may also destroy everything in your sight.

How did it change the war: Airplane

Used for recon and opened the world up to a brand new battlefield of the skies.

Airplanes- Explain how the airplane has evolved from WWI to today

WWI: Airplanes were still a new technology, used for recon, dog fighting. Today: Satellites, drones, speed of sound jets, commercial jets

Machine Gun- Explain how the machine gun has evolved from WWI to today

WWI: Heavy, mostly stationary, trench warfare Today: Almost all troops carry a machine gun, lightweight

Chemical Weapons- Explain how chemical weapons have evolved from WWI to today

WWI: Today:

Artillery- Explain how artillery has evolved from WWI to today

WWI: Used to fire extremely large shells and poison gas Today: Nuclear missiles, Patriot (defensive missiles), RPGs, laser guided missiles...

Main Idea:

World War I was the world's first truly modern war. New inventions and technological advances affected how the war was fought and how it ended. The United States provided soldiers, equipment, and finances, which contributed to the Allied victory

trench warfare

a form of warfare in which armies conduct attacks on each other from opposition positions in fortified trenches

convey

a group of vessels or vehicles that travel together, often under the protection of an armed escort

A zeppelin was...

a high-flying, gas-filled airship used for scouting or bombing raids.

howitzers

a type of cannon

chemical weapons

a weapon that contains a poisonous substance

artillery:

big, "big guns", powerful, deadly It affected the war for the combatants by giving a small army of soldiers with heavy artillery to have a chance at winning a battle against a large army. It affected the combatants by causing more casualties in the wars and battles.

airplanes:

big, able to fly, versatile purposes It affected the war for the combatants by providing vital information and details to use against each other in war.

battleship:

long, game named after it, fast, deceiving, a range of gun sizes It affected the war for the combatants by the ability to deceive the opposing force and then the opposing force's ship would sink. On the battlefield, it would be difficult on both sides. On one side, you could be the prey and end up being tricked into coming closer to the other ship. On the other side, you could be the one trying to lure the other ship.

flamethrower:

looks like a Pepsi bottle attached to a mouse trap with a sword sticking out of it, fire, able to burn the victim, highly explosive. It affected the war for the combatants by giving the ability to ignite each other.

submarine:

narrow, water vehicle, complex, "U-boats" It affected the war for the combatants by not being seen on water. To do that they decided to go underwater to conceal themselves. In the war zone, you could be snuck up on and attacked without even knowing what had happened. It can cause confusion and affect your whole game plan.

trench system:

series of trenches, strategy, way of fighting, It affected the war for the combatants by creating a barrier between enemy lines. Say you are a soldier in All Hail Unicorns and the country you are fighting is the Unicorn Haterz. The Unicorn Haterz were the ones to develop the trench system first. It would be way more difficult to overcome the obstacle of being out in the open to people who have something to conceal themselves from. But the thing is, if both sides have trenches and are staying there, it really is just a game of "Whack-a-Soldier."

During World War I, the U.S. military...

strictly segregated black and white troops in training camps and overseas.

Which weapons finally helped end the long stalemate in the trenches?

tanks

The convey system resulted in a great reduction in...

the effectiveness of U-boat attacks.