American Pageant Chapter 10

Whiskey Rebellion

A protest by poor western farmers that was firmly suppressed by Washington and Hamilton's army

The influential Founder and member of Congress who personally wrote the Bill of Rights was

Alexander Hamilton

funding at par

Alexander Hamilton's policy of paying off all federal bonds at face value in order to strengthen the national credit

The United States involved in undeclared hostilities with France in 1797 because of

American anger at attempted French bribery in the XYZ Affair

CAUSE: Jay's Treaty

Aroused Jeffersonian Republican outrage at the Washington administration's pro-British policies

Supreme Court

Body organized by the Judiciary Act of 1789 and first headed by John Jay

Alexander Hamilton

Brilliant administrator and financial wizard whose career was plagued by doubts about his character and belief in popular government

Neutrality Proclamation

Declaration by President Washington in 1973 that announced America's policy with respect to the French Revolutionary wars between Britain and France.

Adams decided to seek a negotiated peace with France in order to unite his party and enhance his own popularity with the public.

False

In the battle over the Bank of the United States, Jefferson favored a "loose construction" of the Constitution and Hamilton favored a "strict construction".

False

Jeffersonian Republicans believed that he common people were not to be trusted and had to be led by those who were wealthier and better educated.

False

The French Revolution's radical political goals were greeted with great approval by both Jeffersonian Republicans and Federalists

False

The Indians of the Miami Confederacy northwest of the Ohio River were easily defeated by the U.S. forces and removed across the Mississippi.

False

The Jeffersonian Republicans generally sympathized with Britain in foreign policy, while the Hamiltonian Federalists sympathized with France and the French and the French Revolution

False

The passage of the first ten amendments of the Constitution demostrated the Federalist determination to develop a powerful central government

False

Washington's Neutrality Proclamation was based on his confidence in America's military strength in comparison to potentially hostile powers.

False

Bank of the United States

Federally chartered financial institution set up by Alexander Hamilton and vehemently opposed by Thomas Jefferson.

Battle of Fallen Timbers

General Anthony Wayne's victory over the Miami Indians that brought Ohio territory under American control

CAUSE: passage of the Bill of Rights

Guaranteed basic liberties and indicated some swing away from federalist centralizing

Funding and assumption

Hamilton's aggressive financial policies of paying off all federal bonds and taking on all state debts

assumption

Hamilton's policy of having the federal government pay the financial obligations of the states

Alien and Sedition Acts

Harsh and probably unconstitutional laws aimed at radical immigrants and Jeffersonian writers

Bank of the United States

Institution established by Hamilton to create a Stable currency and bitterly opposed by states' rights advocates

Jay's Treaty

International agreement, signed in 1794, whose terms favoring Britain outraged Jeffersonian Republicans

Sedition Act

Law passed by Federalists during the undeclared French war that made it a criminal offense to criticize or defame government officials, including the president

CAUSE: the need to gain support of wealthy groups for the federal government

Led hamilton to promote the fiscal policies of funding and assumption

Farewell Adress

Message telling American that it should avoidunnecessary foreign entanglements—a reflection of the foreign policy of its author

French Revolution

Political and social upheaval supported by most Americans during its moderate beginnings in 1789 but the cause of bitter division among Americans after it took a radical turn in 1792

political parties

Political organizations not envisioned in the Constitution and considered dangerous to national unity by most of the Founding Fathers

Federalists

Political party that believed in a strong government run by the wealthy, government aid to business, and a pro-British foreign policy

Republicans

Political party that believed in the common people, no government aid for business, and a pro-French foreign policy

XYZ Affair

Scandal in which three French secret agents attempted to bribe U.S. diplomats, outraging the American public and causing the undeclared war with France

John Adams

Second president of the U.S., whose Federalist enemies and political weaknesses undermined his administration

XYZ

Secret code names for three French agents who attempted to extract bribes from American diplomats in 1797

James Madison

Skillful politician-scholar who drafted the Bill of Rights and moved it through the First Congress

Bill of Rights

Ten constitutional amendments designed to Protect American liberties

he Cabinet

The body of advisors to the president, not mentioned in the Constitution, that George Washington established as an important part of the new federal government.

Department of the Treasury

The cabinet office in Washington's administration headed by a brilliant young West Indian immigrant who distrusted the people

Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments to the United States Constitution that protected individual liberties.

Convention of 1800

The peace treaty courageously signed by President John Adams that ended the undeclared war with France as well as the official French-American alliance

Treaty of Greenville

Treaty following Miami Indians' defeat in the Battle of Fallen Timbers that ceded Ohio to the United States but gave Indians limited sovereignty.

Both "funding at par" of the federal debt and assumption of state debts were designed to give wealthier interests a strong stake in the success of the federal governmnet.

True

Hamilton financed his large national debt by revenues from tariffs and excise taxes on products such as whiskey.

True

Hamilton's basic purpose in all his financial measures was to strengthen the federal government by building up a larger national debt.

True

One immediate concern for the new federal government was the questionable loyalty of people living in the western territories of Kentucky, Tennessee, and Ohio.

True

The Alien Laws were conservative Federalist attempt to prevent radical French immigrants and spies from supporting the Jeffersonians and stirring up anti-British sentiment.

True

The first American political parties grew mainly out of the debate over Hamilton's fiscal policies and U.S. foreign policy toward Europe.

True

Washington supported John Jay's unpopular treaty with Britian because he feared a disastrous was if it were rejected.

True

Thomas Jefferson

Washington's secretary of state and organizer of a political party opposed to Hamilton's policies

A key addition to the new federal government that had been demanded by many of the ratifying states was...

a written bill of rights to guarantee liberty

The Ninth and Tenth Admendments partly reversed the federalist momentum of the Constituion by declaring htat

all rights not mentioned in the federal Constitution were retained by the states or by the people themselves

CAUSE: XYZ Affair

caused an undeclared war with France

CAUSE: The federalist fear of radical French immigrants

caused passage of the Alien Acts

CAUSE: Hamilton's excise tax on western farmers' products

caused the Whiskey Rebellion

CAUSE: the french revolution

created bitter divisions in America between anti Revolution Federalists and pro Revolution Republicans

The Whiskey Rebellion was most significant because

it showed that the new federal government would use force if necessary to uphold its authority

Washington's foreign policy rested on the basic belief that

it was in America's interest to stay neutral in all European wars.

CAUSE: the danger of war with Britain

led Washington to support Jay's Treaty

CAUSE: the need for federal revenues to finance Hamilton's ambitious policies

led to imposition of the first tariff in 1789 and the excise tax on whiskey in 1791

CAUSE: Clashes between hamilton and Jefferson over fiscal policy and foreign affairs

led to the formation of the first two american political parties.

nullification

result of compact theory; the doctrine, proclaimed in the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions, that the state can block a federal law it considers unconstitutional

Which of the following sets of rights are not included in the Bill of Rights

rights to freedom of education and freedom of travel

The deep disagreement between Hamilton and Jefferson over the proposed Bank of the United States was over whether

the Constitution granted the federal government the power to establish such a bank

The Alien and Sedition Acts were aimed primarily at

the Jeffersonians and their allegedly pro-French activities and ideas.

One immediate innovation not mentioned in the Constitution that was developed by George Washington's administration was

the cabinet

The first American political parties developed primarily out of

the disagreement of Jefferson and his states' rights followers with Hamilton's economic policies.

The Bill of Rights is the given to provisions whose actual form is

the first ten amendments to the federal Constitution

Jefferson's Kentucky resolutions argued that

the states had the right to nullify unconstitutional federal laws

Regarding the French Revolution, most Jeffersonian Democratic-Republicans believed that

the violence was regrettable but necessary

The Federalists essentially believed that

there should be a strong central governmentcontrolled by the wealthy and well educated

Hamilton's first financial policies were intended

to fund the national debt and to have the federal government assume the debts owed by the states