AN
The protein concentration of grains is in the range of____. Question 5Select one: a. 20-25% b. 15-20% c. 10-15% d. 5-10%
10-15%
Protein supplements contain greater than ___% crude protein on a 100% dry matter basis. Question 9Select one:a. 24 b. 20 c. 16 d. 28
20
Choose either an emulsification droplet, a mixed micelle, or a chylomicron. Explain what the item is including the structure. Explain how it contributes to the ability of the body to digest or transport lipids in a polar environment. (Select only one of the three examples)
A mixed micelle has 2 monotriglycerides, free fatty acids, and bile salt. It is basically a mixture like the amphiples, which are molecules that are hydrophilic and hydrophobic. These mixed micelles help with lipid digestion to transport the products to the small intestines for absorption
Which of the following is a characteristic of the camel that allows it to withstand a greater degree of dehydration than most animals? Question 11Select one: a. It excretes very dilute urine. b. It excretes a dry feces. c. It has tightly regulated body temperature. d. It stores protein in its hump.
It excretes a dry feces.
Which of the following is a good description of phytic acid (or phytate)? Question 8Select one: a. It is a form of phosphorus that is unavailable to simple stomach animals. b. It is a highly available form of phosphorus found in grains. c. It is a form of phosphorus found in all feedstuffs. d. It is a highly available form of phosphorus found in meats.
It is a form of phosphorus that is unavailable to simple stomach animals.
Which of the following is correct in comparing longer chain fatty acids (LCFA) with volatile fatty acids (VFA)? Question 33Select one: a. LCFA and VFA are absorbed in a similar fashion. b. LCFAs are soluble in water and VFAs have low solubility in water. c. The source of LCFA is microorganisms whereas the source of VFA is primarily diet. d. LCFAs have greater gross energy values than VFAs.
LCFAs have greater gross energy values than VFAs.
Match the category of carbohydrate to an example of a carbohydrate in the category. Polysaccharide Disaccharide
Lactose Cellulose
Which of the following statements is correct in comparing grasses and legumes? Select one: a. Grasses and legumes have the sme physical arrangement of leaves and stems. b. Mineral concentration is similar for grasses and legumes. c. Legumes have greater digestibility than grasses at the same stage of maturity. d. Grasses have greater protein concentration than legumes at the same stage of maturity.
Legumes have greater digestibility than grasses at the same stage of maturity
Match the description to one of the listed possible answers. Location of fatty acid oxidation Substance that has both polar and nonpolar regions Hormone that promotes the storage of fatty acids
Mitochondria Amphipath Insulin
What is the innermost (closest to the lumen) layer of the gastrointestinal tract? Question 37Select one: a. Mucosa b. Smooth muscle c. Submucosa d. Serosa
Mucosa
Briefly describe a 'rotational grazing system'. List 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages of using this system for a herd of beef cattle.
The rotational grazing system is when animals change pastures every few weeks between at least 2 different pastures. Advantages - the grass generally stays in better health/condition because it has time to regrow. Second, the cattle generally don't have to compete with who gets more grass because they are continuously changing between the pastures. Disadvantages - it's more maintenance to move the cattle around every few weeks.
Which of the following is a correct statement about cool season grasses? Question 15Select one: a. Cool season grasses have one period of rapid growth during the year in North Carolina. b. Cool season grasses have deep root systems and adapt well to water stress. c. Cool season grasses are higher in NDF than warm season grasses at the same stage of maturity. d. Cool season grasses are higher in quality than warm season grasses at the same stage of maturity.
Cool season grasses are higher in quality than warm season grasses at the same stage of maturity.
Which of the following statements correctly describes enzymes? Question 35Select one: a. They have an optimum pH. b. They have a minor role in digestion. c. They are changed during chemical reactions. d. They may be proteins or lipids.
They have an optimum pH.
The 3 major VFA produced during fermentation in the rumen are _____. Question 22Select one: a. lactic acid, butryric acid, acetic acid b. acetic acid, lactic acid, palmitic acid c. acetic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid d. acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid
acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid
Lipids are added to the diet to ____. Question 19Select one: a. provide energy b. increase palatability c. decrease dustiness d. all of the above
all of the above
The description of glucose as an aldose and hexose means that glucose is ____. Question 41Select one: a. an aldehyde sugar and has 5 carbons b. a keto sugar and has 5 carbons c. an aldehyde sugar and has 6 carbon atoms d. a keto sugar and has 6 carbons
an aldehyde sugar and has 6 carbon atoms
A fatty acid that is essential for the cat but not for other domestic animals is ____ acid. Question 8Select one: a. alpha-linolenic b. linoleic c. omega-3 d. arachidonic
arachidonic
The best example of a temporary silo in the list below is a(an) ___ silo. Question 11Select one: a. upright b. bunker c. trench d. bag
bag
An example of animals that are frequently fed a source of nonprotein nitrogen, such as urea, is ___. Question 38Select one: a. beef cattle b. pigs c. chickens d. dogs
beef cattle
An example of a feedstuff, often found in dog and cat food, that is added as a source of fiber is __. Question 10Select one: a. chicken by-product meal b. corn grain c. beet pulp d. corn gluten meal
beet pulp
The major portion of the extracellular fluid is water that is ____. Question 19Select one: a. in the blood b. between the cells c. in the joints d. in the cells
between the cells
In general, animals will consume approximately 2 to 5 grams of water for every gram of ____under thermo-neutral conditions. Question 8Select one: a. protein intake b. starch intake c. dry matter intake d. fat intake
dry matter intake
The general term for lipid families with hormone-like actions in the body that affect many body systems is ____. Question 38Select one: a. cofactors b. eicosanoids c. coenzymes d. ketone bodies
eicosanoids
Which of the following categories of proteins is properly paired with an example protein? Question 39Select one: a. enzyme - amylase b. blood transport protein - keratin c. hormone - hemoglobin d. structural protein - insulin
enzyme - amylase
Glucose is absorbed from the small intestine by _________. Question 29Select one: a. passive diffusion only b. active transport only c. facilitated diffusion only d. facilitated diffusion and active transport
facilitated diffusion and active transport
To estimate the metabolizable energy value of a feed you would need to measure the energy content in the __________. Question 28Select one: a. feed and feces only b. feed, feces, urine, and gas only c. feed, feces, urine, gas, and heat only d. feed, feces, and urine only
feed, feces, urine, and gas only
The function of this hormone is to stimulate secretions of the fundic glands. Question 13Select one: a. secretin b. gastrin c. somatostatin d. cholecystokinin
gastrin
The part of a seed that is relatively high in oil and phosphorus is the ___. Question 39Select one: a. germ b. bran layer c. seed coat d. endosperm
germ
The process of converting absorbed fructose to glucose in the liver is termed _____. Question 25Select one:a. glycolysis b. glucogenesis c. glycogenolysis d. gluconeogenesis
glucogenesis
The primary process to maintain glucose homeostasis in ruminants is _____. Question 14Select one: a. lipolysis b. glycolysis c. glycogenesis d. gluconeogenesis
gluconeogenesis
The process of using amino acids to produce glucose in the body is termed _____. Question 1Select one: a. glygenolysis b. glycolysis c. gluconeogenesis d. glucogenesis
gluconeogenesis
Match the category of carbohydrate to an example of a carbohydrate in the category. aldose pentose
glucose sucrose
A process involved in glucose metabolism that takes place in the cytoplasm and produces pyruvate is called ______. Question 34Select one: a. electron transfer chain b. Krebs cycle c. glycolysis d. glycogenesis
glycolysis
Cottonseed meal is fed in limited amounts to all animals. The reason for this is concern for ___. Question 43Select one: a. trypsin inhibitors b. aflatoxin concentration c. gossypol toxicity d. nitrate toxicity
gossypol toxicity
Which of the following feedstuffs contains the least amount of water? Question 40Select one: a. silage b. grains c. canned pet foods d. fruits
grains
The causes of ketosis are _____. Question 1Select one: a. hypoglycemia and negative energy balance b. hyperglycemia and negative energy balance c. hypoglycemia and positive energy balance d. hyperglycemia and positive energy balance
hypoglycemia and negative energy balance
General changes in composition of plants as they reach maturity and bloom include ____. Question 41Select one: a. increased cell wall and increased protein b. decreased cell wall and decreased protein c. increased cell wall and decreased protein d. decreased cell wall and increased protein
increased cell wall and decreased protein
A diet containing long forage particles results in ____ in the ruminant. Question 20Select one: a. a ruminal pH less than 6.0 b. decreased buffering in the rumen c. decreased saliva production d. increased rumination
increased rumination
Insoluble fiber works as a laxative (increasing or decreasing) the rate of transit through the gastrointestinal tract.
increasing
Laminitis
inflammation of the lamina of the hoof. Heat can occur too. Different bateria and wrong absorptions can cause this
Following feeding, blood glucose concentration increases. In response, the secretion of _____. Question 43Select one: a. insulin increases and glucagon decreases b. insulin decreases and glucagon increases c. insulin and glucagon both increase d. insulin and glucagon both decrease
insulin increases and glucagon decreases
The most important type of bacteria in making silage are those which produce _____. This acid promotes stability of the silage. Question 25Select one: a. butyric acid b. acetic acid c. lactic acid d. carbonic acid
lactic acid
The class of nutrients that makes the greatest contribution to metabolic water per gram is ____. Question 32Select one: a. proteins b. vitamins c. carbohydrates d. lipids
lipids
The portal vein delivers nutrient rich blood to the____. Question 23Select one: a. kidney b. heart c. liver d. GI tract
liver
The tissues where glycogen is stored are ______. Question 35Select one: a. muscle and adipose tissue b. kidney and adipose c. liver and kidney d. liver and muscle
liver and muscle
Which of the following routes of loss from the body is considered insensible water loss? Question 13Select one: a. Feces b. Lungs c. Sweat d. Urine
lungs
In most cereal grains, _____ is the first limiting amino acid. Question 10Select one: a. valine b. leucine c. lysine d. tyrosine
lysine
The RNA that contains the genetic information or codons specifying an amino acid for protein synthesis is _____. Question 37Select one: a. transfer RNA b. messenger RNA c. all RNA d. ribosomal RNA
mRNA
The proper sequence of events when making hay is ___. Question 21Select one: a. cure, mow, rake, bale b. mow, rake, cure, bale c. mow, cure, rake, bale d. rake, mow, cure, bale
mow, cure, rake, bale
The energy value that tells you how much energy is retained in an animal body is the ____. Question 18Select one: a. metabolizable energy b. digestible energy c. net energy d. gross energy
net energy
Dietary fiber includes ___. Question 3Select one: a. nonstarch polysaccharides only b. lignin only c. all polysaccharides d. nonstarch polysaccharides and lignin
nonstarch polysaccharides and lignin
Feeding a diet that contains protein in excess of the requirement will result in ____. Question 15Select one: a. a diet that has low digestibility b. accumulation of additional protein in the body c. oxidation of the amino acids that are in excess d. a diet that improves the quality of the hair coat
oxidation of the amino acids that are in excess
The organ that secretes hormones important to regulation of glucose concentration is the _____. Question 42Select one: a. intestine b. muscle c. liver d. pancreas
pancreas
The source of amylase for digestion of starch in the small intestine is _____. Question 16Select one: a. saliva b. epithelial cells c. liver d. pancreas
pancreas
The two main sources of enzymes important in digestion in the small intestine are the ____. Question 4Select one: a. pancreas and epithelial cells b. gall bladder and liver c. saliva and pancreas d. liver and pancreas
pancreas and epithelial cells
The 2 sources of enzymes for digestion of proteins and peptides in the small intestine are ____. Question 40Select one: a. pancreas and mucosa of small intestine b. stomach and pancreas c. liver and mucosa of the small intestine d. liver and pancreas
pancreas and mucosa of small intestine
The major enzyme that hydrolyzes triglycerides during digestion is _____ lipase. Question 36Select one: a. salivary b. pancreatic c. intestinal d. gastric
pancreatic
Absorption of a substance from a region of greater concentration to lesser concentration, and not requiring a carrier is termed_____. Select one: a. carrier facilitated diffusion b. passive diffusion c. active transport d. co-transport
passive diffusion
The amino acid sequence of a protein refers to the ___protein structure. Question 4Select one: a. secondary b. tertiary c. primary d. quaternary
primary
The VFA that is used by the ruminant to form glucose is _____. Question 39Select one: a. lactic acid b. palmitic acid c. propionic acid d. acetic acid
propionic acid
Which of the following would tend to increase an animal's water requirement to the greatest extent? Question 2Select one: a. lactation ends b. dry matter intake decreases c. protein intake increases d. environmental temperature declines
protein intake increases
A limiting amino acid limits use of amino acids for ____. Question 12Select one: a. protein synthesis b. lipogenesis c. oxidation d. urea synthesis
protein synthesis
In describing the general functions of nutrients, carbohydrates ____. Question 32Select one: a. control body processes b. provide energy c. promote growth and maintenance of body tissues d. all of the above
provide energy
Which feature of the young ruminant animal functions to allow milk to bypass the rumen and avoid fermentation? Question 24Select one: a. reticulum b. reticular groove c. abomasum d. esophagus
reticular groove
The 2 sections of the ruminant stomach that participate in the fermentation are the ___. Question 6Select one: a. abomasum and omasum b. omasum and reticulum c. rumen and omasum d. rumen and reticulum
rumen and reticulum
In the process of biohydrogenation, _____ are produced in the rumen. Question 31Select one: a. triglycerides b. fatty acids with more double bonds c. saturated fatty acids d. volatile fatty acids
saturated fatty acids
The function of this hormone is to stimulate secretion of bicarbonate from the pancreas. Question 42Select one: a. secretin b. cholecystokinin c. somatostatin d. gastrin
secretin
The primary site of absorption in the gastrointestinal tract of a dog is the _____. Question 12Select one: a. small intestine b. large intestine c. mouth d. stomach
small intestine
Which of the following is the correct ranking of feedstuffs - from greatest to least - for energy concentration? Question 26Select one: a. timothy hay - sorghum grain - soybean oil b. soybean oil - timothy hay - sorghum grain c. sorghum grain - soybean oil - timothy hay d. soybean oil - sorghum grain - timothy hay
soybean oil - sorghum grain - timothy hay
The source of lipid listed below with the highest percentage of saturated fatty acids is ____. Question 32Select one: a. soybean oil b. tallow (beef fat) c. olive oil d. fish oil
tallow (beef fat)
Maltose and cellobiose differ in how they are digested. The reason for this difference is that _____. Question 17Select one: a. one is from plant tissues and one is from animal tissues b. they are composed of different monosaccharides c. the linkage between the monosaccharides in them is not the same d. they are consumed by different animals
the linkage between the monosaccharides in them is not the same
A correct statement about amino acids is that ____. Question 29Select one: a. the carbon center is called the beta-carbon b. they are zwitterions at pH 7.0 c. they are amphoteric as they are both hydrophilic and hydrophobic d. they are generally not water soluble
they are zwitterions at pH 7.0
The most common form of lipid in feed is a ___. Question 9Select one: a. steroid b. triglyceride c. phospholiid d. wax
triglyceride
This enzyme activates itself as well as other pancreatic proteolytic enzymes. Question 7Select one: a. carboxypeptidase b. trypsin c. chymotrypsin d. enterokinase
trypsin
If not use for protein synthesis, amino acids will be deaminated. The amino group removed will be used to form what product in the liver? Question 23Select one: a. urea b. fatty acids c. ketone bodies d. glucose
urea
For the species listed below, which one can have the greatest amount of fat added to the diet? Question 42Select one: a. working dog b. diary cow c. horse d. pig
working dog
The term for enzymes that are secreted in an inactive form is ________. Question 19Select one: a. zymogens b. exopeptidases c. endopeptidases d. mucins
zymogens
A major type of linkage in cellulose is ____ linkage. Question 33Select one: a. α-1,6 b. β-1,4 c. β-1,6 d. α-1,4
β-1,4
Distinguish an essential amino acid and a conditionally essential amino acid. Give a specific example of each and explain the difference.
An essential amino acid is an amino acid that the body cannot synthesize on its own and generally comes from the animals diet. A conditionally essential amino acid is an amino acid that starts of nonessential but then the body has troubles and makes it an essential amino acid. An example of an essential amino acid is lysine. An example of a conditionally essential amino acid is cysteine.
Define an ideal protein. Explain the concept of using dietary proteins to provide the "ideal protein" in the diet. Choose 2 or 3 feed ingredients to give an example of using the concept.
An ideal protein is when an amino acid meets the requirements an animal has for the amount they need. When using dietary proteins in a diet, it helps give an animal the required amount of amino acids they need. Generally with pigs, the most common feed ingredients for ideal proteins is soybean meal and and another, not so common one is fish meal. These are both put in diets of pigs to make sure they get what they need, and nothing extra. Another word for that is they get the required amount for their bodies.
Which of the following statements is correct in describing the relationship between ADF and digestibility? Question 16Select one: a. ADF is not related to digestibility. b. As ADF increases in a feedstuff, dry matter digestibility increases. c. As ADF increases in a feedstuff, dry matter digestibility decreases. d. Two feedstuffs that differ in ADF likely have the same digestibility.
As ADF increases in a feedstuff, dry matter digestibility decreases.
Describe in detail a potential health complication that could affect grazing animals. Include cause, symptoms, and possible prevention/treatment strategies
Bloat is one of the potential health complications that can affect grazing animals, generally ruminants which can be fetal. (But not horses due to how they're built). A cause could be from feed being too dry and being hard to digest. But this is when gas gets completely trapped in the stomach and cannot get out. Symptoms can be like wrenching - they look like they want to vomit or are acting like they're trying to get something up, laying down - not wanting to get up, and sometimes foamy mouth. It's a hard one to prevent because it isn't the most common to occur, but treatment plan is getting the veterinarian out and possibly surgery
You have the following information on energy values for wheat bran fed to pigs. Digestible energy, 2.42 kcal/g; and Metabolizable energy, 2.28 kcal/g. The Gross energy is 4.1 kcal/g. Explain what each of these values is and why the values differ.
DE=2.42 - DE is the intake energy minus the energy loss by feces ME=2.28 - ME is the DE minus the UE (Urine loss) + GasE, which means that it's generally more accurate than DE. This includes urine and gas loss compared to just feces loss. GE=4.1 Gross Energy is the amount of energy loss These values differ because they do include different substances to get their specific type of energy. Some animals might defecate more than urinate and vise versa, which can cause the numbers to differ as well. Also how some animals can't be used for these values... examples of this is how the chicken cannot give us a DE because they tend to drop feces and urine together, and we are unable to separate them. Also how the horse cannot give us an ME value because not enough trials have been done for any true value.
Cow
Dry off - 60 days colostrum - contains antibodies that are important for passive immunity Heifer diet - dry matter intake, protein intake, and energy intake shows that as the calf grows in body weight her intake increases dramatically. more protein young to mature, then declines Mixed ration benefits - all feed ingredients are included in one mix and nutrient requirements are met bypass protein - less likely to be digested by rumen microbes and goes directly to the abomasum for digestion fresh cows can get - milk fever, retained placenta, ketosis, fatty liver fibrous feed - silage, hay, cottonseed hulls, corn cobs 65% dietary protein goes towards digestion fats provided by - grease, tallow, oils, oilseeds
Which of the following is an example of net energy used for maintenance? Question 21Select one: a. Energy in milk b. Energy in tissue c. Energy for thermal regulation d. Energy to do work
Energy for thermal regulation
Which of the following statements, describing the quantitative differences between whole plant and animal tissues is correct? Question 30Select one: a. Protein concentration is similar in plant and animal tissues. b. Fat concentration is greater in animal tissues. c. Carbohydrate concentration is greater in animal tissues. d. Water is a major component of animal tissues but not plant tissues.
Fat concentration is greater in animal tissues.
Which of the following statements is correct in describing carbohydrates in the diet of young animals? Question 31Select one: a. Feedstuffs containing lactose are a good choice. b. Feedstuffs containing either a large amount of starch or lactose are a good choice. c. Feedstuffs containing carbohydrates should not be included in the diet. d. Feedstuffs containing a large amount of starch are a good choice.
Feedstuffs containing lactose are a good choice.
Pig
Gestation = 114-115 days. Can have 10-14 piglets. weans her piglets at 2-4 weeks after farrowing. After nursing, pigs are weighed - up to 55 kg are called 'growing pigs', heavier than 55 kg are called finishing pigs till 120-130kg. Nursery site = many housing in group pens and they stay for stay about 6 to 7 weeks all in all out - control disease by breaking the reoccurring pattern of disease transmission. pigs are moved all in a room together and all out together. No contact with other groups phase feeding - continuously different diets depending on their age and nutritional/physiological status feed acidifier - to keep the health of nursery pigs after weaning split sex feeding - reduce fat gain and enhance lean gain feed intake restricted for sows - bc they will have difficulties with farrowing and producing enough milk for the piglets
Which of the following energy values for a feed would be the same regardless of which animal you are feeding? Question 15Select one: a. Gross energy b. Net energy c. Metabolizable energy d. Digestible energy
Gross energy
HORSE
Horse --> simple-stomached herbivores + have fermentation in the cecum and colon that absorbs some products. Has enlarged cecum and colon for fermentation. Has faster transit time and only have post-gastric fermentation. Horse - the class of nutrients that provides most energy = carbohydrates of forages in cecum/colon, like timothy hay or alphalpha Horse - sources of dietary energy = high quality proteins Horse - Na, Cl and K are main electrolytes Horse - only time they can benefit from extra VB = on oral antimicrobial therapy
Which of the following is a dietary objective for treatment of diabetes mellitus? Question 13Select one: a. Provide fewer, larger meals b. Increase fiber in the diet c. Increase grains in the diet d. Promote greater weight gain
Increase fiber in the diet
List and identify one ruminant and one simple stomached animal. Give 2 specific examples of differences in carbohydrate digestion (not including the mouth) between your 2 animals. Specify the location in the GI tract for each example.
One ruminant is a cattle and one simple stomached animal is a pig. The cattle is able to use rumination to make sure carbohydrates do actually get dissolved in the rumen. The stomach of the cow also has fermentation that occurs to help absorb more carbohydrates before the rest of the material goes into the small intestines. The pig doesn't have carbohydrate digestion in their stomachs, instead the carbohydrates go through into the small intestines where they are able to be absorbed into the walls. The pancreas secretes pancreatic amylase to digests the starches in the small intestine. and examples of differences
Which of the following characteristics is important to maintain homeostasis in the rumen? Question 14Select one: a. Fluctuating temperature b. Aerobic environment c. No absorption of volatile fatty acids d. Osmotic pressure similar to that of blood
Osmotic pressure similar to that of blood
In ruminants, this volatile fatty acid is an important carbon source for gluconeogenesis. Question 25Select one: a. Propionate b. Acetate c. Lineolate d. Butyrate
Propionate
Which of the following statements correctly describes a difference, in sources of protein for use in the body, between ruminants and simple-stomached animals? Question 22Select one: a. Ruminants obtain protein from the diet and from ruminal microorganisms whereas simple-stomached animals obtain protein from the diet only. b. Ruminants are not able to digest dietary protein whereas simple-stomached animals can digest dietary protein. c. Ruminants obtain protein from the diet only whereas simple-stomached animals can obtain protein from the diet and microorganisms in the large intestine. d. There is no difference.
Ruminants obtain protein from the diet and from ruminal microorganisms whereas simple-stomached animals obtain protein from the diet only.
List and describe one property of water important in regulation of body temperature. Include how this property contributes to maintaining body temperature.
Specific Heat is the amount of energy required for 1g of a substance of one degree centigrade. The specific heat allows the intercellular fluid to absorb a large amount of heat without it changing the actual temperature of the body. Therefore, it is able to maintain the body temperature it needs
The carrier mediated transporters for absorption of amino acids in the small intestine are termed ______. Question 5Select one: a. Systems b. GLUT c. PEPT d. FcRN
Systems
.Describe 1 function of each fat soluble vitamin
Vitamin A helps with the visual process of adapting to the darkness or night vision. Vitamin D helps with absorption and utilization of Ca and P, which are used to help form and maintain teeth and bones. Vitamin E functions as a vasodilator which dilates blood vessels and is also an inhibitor of platelet aggregation. Vitamin K blood clotting and bone mineralization. If the animal has a healthy gut, the vitamin K will be synthesized from microorganisms to provide a good amount of vitamin K to the host animals.
The reason why some fatty acids are essential is that they have ____. Question 6Select one: a. more than one double bond b. 18 or more carbon atoms c. important function in the body d. a double bond between C10 and the methy end of the molecule
a double bond between C10 and the methy end of the molecule
Using steers as an example, the percentage of total body water in animals ____ as they increase in weight (age). Question 5Select one: a. remains the same b. decreases c. increases
decreases
There is significant digestion of ______________in the simple stomach. Question 40Select one: a. proteins, carbohydrates and lipids b. carbohydrates c. lipids d. proteins
carbohydrates
The proper sequence in ranking the gross energy, kcal/g, of nutrients that provide energy, from least to greatest, is ______. Question 7Select one: a. lipids - carbohydrates - proteins b. proteins - lipids - carbohydrates c. lipids - proteins - carbohydrates d. carbohydrates - proteins - lipids
carbohydrates - proteins - lipids
The acidic properties of fatty acids are due to the ______ portion of their structure. Question 30Select one: a. methyl group b. hydrocarbon chain c. carboxyl group d. amino group
carboxyl group
An example of an enzyme secreted by microorganisms in the rumen that is not produced by mammalian cells is _____. Question 24Select one: a. maltase b. lactase c. amylase d. cellulase
cellulase
Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) includes ___. Question 7Select one:a. cellulose and lignin b. cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin c. lignin only d. hemicellulose and lignin
cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin
There are metabolizable energy values for feedstuffs fed to ______ but no digestible energy values because of their anatomy. Question 44Select one: a. swine b. horses c. chickens d. beef cattle
chickens
Which of the following secretions is properly paired with its source? Question 31Select one: a. chief cells - pepsinogen b. liver - HCl c. pancreas - bile d. duodenum - amylase
chief cells - pepsinogen
All animals have some microbial fermentation in the ____. Question 34Select one: a. gall bladder b. stomach c. small intestine d. colon
colon
A reason for the continuous synthesis and degradation of body proteins is to regulate _________. Question 41Select one: a. movement of digesta through the gastrointestinal tract b. concentrations of specific proteins such as enzymes c. concentrations of specific structural proteins in connective tissue d. feed intake
concentrations of specific proteins such as enzymes
Formation of a disaccharide is an example of a ____ reaction. Question 27Select one: a. de-esterification b. esterification c. hydrolysis d. condensation
condensation
An example of a co-product feed is ___. Select one: a. distillers grains b. alfalfa hay c. orchardgrass pasture d. corn grain
distillers grains
