ANA westcott final
A blastocyst is a fertilized egg that is about 5-9 days old.
T
What happens to the small and large ribosomal subunits at the end of translation? a. They separate and move and are free to join translation of other segments of mRNA. b.They separate to form DNA c.The stay together to form larger molecules d.They stay together to form amino acids.
a
TorF 1.Growth plates are areas of cartilage where new bone tissue is made. 2.Skeletal maturity is reached at about the ages of 14 for girls and 16 for boys.
1.T 2.T
Which class of antibody crosses the placenta in pregnant women? IgB IgG IgE IgA
IgG
Which of the following central nervous system cells regulate ions, regulate the uptake and/or breakdown of some neurotransmitters, and contribute to the formation of the blood-brain barrier? astrocytes microglia neuroglia oligodendrocytes
astrocytes
What aspect of creatine phosphate allows it to supply energy to muscles? phosphate bonds hydrogen bonds ATPase activity carbon bonds
phosphate bonds
Which of the following is a prime mover in head flexion? masseter sternocleidomastoid corrugator supercilii occipitofrontalis
sternocleidomastoid
Which of the following lists the valves in the order through which the blood flows from the vena cava through the heart? aortic semilunar, pulmonary semilunar, tricuspid, bicuspid bicuspid, aortic semilunar, tricuspid, pulmonary semilunar tricuspid, pulmonary semilunar, bicuspid, aortic semilunar mitral, pulmonary semilunar, bicuspid, aortic semilunar
tricuspid, pulmonary semilunar, bicuspid, aortic semilunar
Which of the following is an anterior pituitary hormone? TSH oxytocin ADH cortisol
TSH
T cells that secrete cytokines that help antibody responses are called ________. thymocytes Th1 regulatory T cells Th2
Th2
Blood filtrate is captured in the lumen of the ________. calyces glomerulus Bowman's capsule renal papillae
Bowman's capsule
Place the following structures in order from least to most complex organization: chromatin, nucleosome, DNA, chromosome DNA, chromatin, nucleosome, chromosome nucleosome, chromatin, DNA, chromosome DNA, nucleosome, chromatin, chromosome nucleosome, DNA, chromosome, chromatin
DNA, nucleosome, chromatin, chromosome
Which of the following phases is characterized by preparation for DNA synthesis? S G1 Interphase G0
G1
Similar to the hair, nails grow continuously throughout our lives. Which of the following is furthest from the nail growth center? eponychium hyponychium nail bed nail root
Hyponchium
a low partial pressure of oxygen promotes hemoglobin binding to carbon dioxide. This is an example of the ________. Bohr effect Dalton's law Henry's law Haldane effect
Haldane effect
The correct order for the smallest to the largest unit of organization in muscle tissue is ________. myofibril, muscle fiber, filament, fascicle filament, myofibril, muscle fiber, fascicle fascicle, filament, muscle fiber, myofibril muscle fiber, fascicle, filament, myofibril
filament, myofibril, muscle fiber, fascicle
One of the functions of the integumentary system is protection. Which of the following does not directly contribute to that function? folic acid synthesis stratum lucidum Merkel cells desmosomes
folic acid synthesis
The names of the extrinsic tongue muscles commonly end in ________. hyoid glottis gluteus glossus
glossus
Which hypothalamic hormone contributes to the regulation of the male reproductive system? luteinizing hormone gonadotropin-releasing hormone androgens follicle-stimulating hormone
gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Supination is the motion that moves the ________. scapula in an upward direction hand from the palm forward position to the palm backward position hand from the palm backward position to the palm forward position foot so that the bottom of the foot faces the midline of the body
hand from the palm backward position to the palm forward position
Which of the following occurs in the spongy bone of the epiphysis? bone growth bone remodeling hematopoiesis shock absorption
hematopoiesis
Gas exchange that occurs at the level of the tissues is called ________. internal respiration interpulmonary respiration pulmonary ventilation external respiration
internal respiration
Bones that surround the spinal cord are classified as ________ bones. flat short sesamoid irregular
irregular
A cartilaginous joint ________. is formed by a wide sheet of fibrous connective tissue is called a symphysis when the bones are united by fibrocartilage has a joint cavity anchors the teeth to the jaws
is called a symphysis when the bones are united by fibrocartilage has a joint cavity
Smooth muscles differ from skeletal and cardiac muscles in that they ________. lack myofibrils lack actin are under voluntary control lack myosin
lack myofibrils
Which of these is most associated with villi? lacteals intestinal glands haustra bacterial flora
lacteals
Which of the following are found in compact bone and cancellous bone? Haversian canals Haversian systems lamellae bone marrow
lamallae
The myocardium would be the thickest in the ________. right atrium right ventricle left ventricle left atrium
left ventricle
The pelvic girdle attaches the ________ to the axial skeleton. vertebrae legs arms pelvis
legs
What two types of macromolecules are the main components of myelin? lipids and proteins carbohydrates and nucleic acids proteins and nucleic acids carbohydrates and lipids
lipids and proteins
Which category of bone is among the most numerous in the skeleton? long bone flat bone sesamoid bone short bone
long bone
The primary structure found within the medulla is the ________. portal system ureter minor calyces loop of Henle
loop of Henle
The foramen ovale causes the fetal circulatory system to bypass the ________. lungs gonads liver kidneys
lungs
Which enzymes in macrophages are important for clearing intracellular bacteria? metabolic lysosomal mitochondrial nuclear
lysosomal
The cardiovascular centers are located in which area of the brain? medulla oblongata pons mesencephalon (midbrain) microglia
medulla oblongata
Of the three germ layers that give rise to all adult tissues and organs, which gives rise to the heart? mesoderm ectoderm placenta endoderm
mesoderm
What type of glial cell provides myelin for the axons in a tract? satellite cell Schwann cell astrocyte oligodendrocyte
oligodendrocyte
Enhanced phagocytosis of a cell by the binding of a specific protein is called ________. complement activation anaphylaxis opsonization endocytosis
opsonization
In bone, the main cells are ________. lymphocytes fibroblasts osteocytes chondrocytes
osteocytes
An individual using a sharp knife notices a small amount of blood where he just cut himself. Which of the following layers of skin did he have to cut into in order to bleed? stratum corneum papillary dermis stratum granulosum stratum basale
papillary dermis
Which muscle has a convergent pattern of fascicles? rectus femoris gluteus maximus pectoralis major biceps brachii
pec major
The fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of the bone is the ________. epiphysis endosteum diaphysis periosteum
periosteum
What are the names of the capillaries following the efferent arteriole? peritubular and medullary peritubular and vasa recta arcuate and medullary interlobar and interlobular
peritubular and vasa recta
Arrange the following terms in order of increasing specialization: oligopotency, pleuripotency, unipotency, multipotency. pleuripotency, multipotency, oligopotency, unipotency multipotency, pleuripotency, oligopotency, unipotency pleuripotency, oligopotency, multipotency unipotency oligopotency, pleuripotency, unipotency, multipotency
pleuripotency, multipotency, oligopotency, unipotency
Which type of epithelial tissue specializes in moving particles across its surface and is found in airways? stratified squamous ciliated columnar transitional pseudostratified ciliated columnar
pseudostratified ciliated columnar
Which of the following processes does atmospheric pressure play a role in? pulmonary ventilation resistance surface tension production of pulmonary surfactant
pulmonary ventilation
During gastric emptying, chyme is released into the duodenum through the ________. pyloric sphincter pyloric antrum esophageal hiatus pyloric canal
pyloric sphincter
Which of the following abdominal muscles is not a part of the anterior abdominal wall? exterior oblique rectus abdominis interior oblique quadratus lumborum
quadratus lumborum
The renal pyramids are separated from each other by extensions of the renal cortex called ________. minor calyces renal medulla renal columns medullary cortices
renal columns
Which of the following prevents the alveoli from collapsing? tidal volume expiratory reserve volume residual volume inspiratory reserve volume
residual volume
Gas flow decreases as ________ increases. pressure friction airway diameter resistance
resistance
The _________________ system consists of organs and structures that allow us to breathe by taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide. bronchial pulmonary interlobular respiratory
respiratory
During what phase of the cell cycle is the DNA replicated? G2 G1 S cytokenesis
s
Thin and thick filaments are organized into functional units called ________. myofibrils sarcomeres myofilaments T-tubules
sarcomeres
Endocrine glands ________. secrete hormones that travel through a duct to the target organs release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft secrete chemical messengers that travel in the bloodstream include sebaceous glands and sweat glands
secrete chemical messengers that travel in the bloodstream
Exercise can trigger symptoms of AMS due to which of the following? low atmospheric pressure small venous reserve of oxygen abnormal neural signals low partial pressure of oxygen
small venous reserve of oxygen
Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypodermis? source of blood vessels in the epidermis protects underlying organs helps maintain body temperature a site to long-term energy storage
source of blood vessels in the epidermis
What happens to the urine excreted by the fetus when the kidneys begin to function? The endometrium absorbs it. It is turned into meconium. It adds to the amniotic fluid. The umbilical cord carries it to the placenta for removal.
It adds to the amniotic fluid.
What is the function of the epididymis? sperm maturation and storage provides nitric oxide needed for erections produces the bulk of seminal fluid spermatogenesis
sperm maturation and storage
Which of the following helps an agonist work? a fixator an antagonist an insertion a synergist
synergist
Sesamoid bones are found embedded in ________. muscles joints tendons ligaments
tendons
The fine tuning of water recovery or disposal occurs in ________. the ascending loop of Henle the collecting ducts the proximal convoluted tubule the distal convoluted tubule
the collecting ducts
Depolarization of the sarcolemma means ________. the inside of the membrane has become more negative as sodium ions accumulate the inside of the membrane has become less negative as sodium ions accumulate the sarcolemma has completely lost any electrical charge the outside of the membrane has become less negative as sodium ions accumulate
the inside of the membrane has become less negative as sodium ions accumulate
An example of a wide fibrous joint is ________. a suture joint a gomphosis the interosseous membrane of the forearm a synostosis
the interosseous membrane of the forearm
Which of these joints is classified as a synarthrosis? an invertebral disc the manubriosternal joint the pubic symphysis the shoulder joint
the manubriosternal joint
Which of these joints is classified as a biaxial diarthrosis? the elbow joint the hip joint the pubic symphysis the metacarpophalangeal joint
the metacarpophalangeal joint
The placenta is formed from ________. the embryo's mesenchymal cells the mother's endometrium and the embryo's chorionic membrane the mother's endometrium only the mother's endometrium and the embryo's umbilical cord
the mother's endometrium and the embryo's chorionic membrane
The development of a goiter indicates that ________. the anterior pituitary is abnormally enlarged there is hypertrophy of the thyroid's follicle cells there is an excessive accumulation of colloid in the thyroid follicles the anterior pituitary is secreting excessive growth hormone
there is an excessive accumulation of colloid in the thyroid follicles
Which region of the vertebral column has the greatest range of motion for rotation? cervical sacral lumbar thoracic
thoracic
Which structure allows lymph from the lower right limb to enter the bloodstream? thoracic duct left lymphatic trunk right lymphatic duct right lymphatic trunk
thoracic duct
A newly developed pesticide has been observed to bind to an intracellular hormone receptor. If ingested, residue from this pesticide could disrupt levels of ________. melatonin insulin thyroid hormone growth hormone
thyroid hormone
Which muscle extends the forearm? triceps brachii deltoid brachialis biceps brachii
triceps brachii
Peristaltic contractions occur in the ________. urethra, bladder, and ureters urethra ureters bladder
ureters
Which of the following membranes covers the stomach? parietal peritoneum visceral peritoneum falciform ligament mesocolon
visceral peritoneum
What would happen if the trophoblast did not secrete hCG upon implantation of the blastocyst? Menses would flush the blastocyst out of the uterus. The uterine mucosa would not envelop the blastocyst. The corpus luteum would continue to produce progesterone and estrogen. The cells would not continue to divide.
Menses would flush the blastocyst out of the uterus.
Which component of the heart conduction system would have the slowest rate of firing? atrioventricular bundle bundle branches atrioventricular node Purkinje fibers
Purkinje fibers
Which arrangement best describes a bipennate muscle? The muscle fibers feed in on an angle to a long tendon from one side. The muscle fibers feed in on an angle to a long tendon from all directions. The muscle fibers on one side of a tendon feed into it at a certain angle and muscle fibers on the other side of the tendon feed into it at the opposite angle. The muscle fibers feed in on an angle to a long tendon from both sides.
The muscle fibers feed in on an angle to a long tendon from both sides.
Which of these statements about the pharynx is true? The oropharynx is continuous superiorly with the nasopharynx. The laryngopharynx is composed partially of cartilage. The nasopharynx is involved in digestion. It extends from the nasal and oral cavities superiorly to the esophagus anteriorly.
The oropharynx is continuous superiorly with the nasopharynx.
Contraction of the external intercostal muscles causes which of the following to occur? The rib cage is compressed. The thoracic cavity volume decreases. The ribs and sternum move upward. The diaphragm moves downward.
The ribs and sternum move upward.
Which of the following statements describes smooth muscle cells? They primarily use anaerobic metabolism. They are resistant to fatigue. They cannot exhibit tetanus. They have a rapid onset of contractions.
They are resistant to fatigue.
Which of the following is unique to the muscles of facial expression? They only insert onto the facial bones. They insert onto the cartilage found around the face. They insert into the skin. They all originate from the scalp musculature.
They insert into the skin.
A meniscus is ________. a fluid-filled space that prevents friction between a muscle tendon and underlying bone the lubricating fluid within a synovial joint the articular cartilage that covers the ends of a bone at a synovial joint a fibrocartilage pad that provides padding between bones
a fibrocartilage pad that provides padding between bones
The area of a bone where the nutrient foramen passes forms what kind of bone marking? a hole a fissure a canal a facet
a hole
Ion pumps and phagocytosis are both examples of ________ passive transport facilitated transport active transport endocytosis
active transport
The force the heart must overcome to pump blood is known as ________. preload cardiac output afterload stroke volume
afterload
What hormone directly opposes the actions of natriuretic hormones? renin nitric oxide aldosterone dopamine
aldosterone
Which of the following are structural features of the trachea? all of these C-shaped cartilage cilia smooth muscle fibers
all
The location of a muscle's insertion and origin can determine ________. action all of these type of movement muscle name
all of these
Which part of the urinary system is not completely retroperitoneal? kidneys bladder nephrons ureters
bladder
Cleavage produces daughter cells called ________. morulae blastocysts trophoblasts blastomeres
blastomeres
During weeks 9-12 of fetal development, ________. bone marrow begins to assume erythrocyte production meconium begins to accumulate in the intestines the spinal cord begins to be myelinated surfactant production begins in the fetal lungs
bone marrow begins to assume erythrocyte production
A section of the lung that receives its own tertiary bronchus is called the ________. bronchopulmonary segment pulmonary lobule respiratory segment interpulmonary segment
bronchopulmonary segment
Pancreatic juice ________. is released into the cystic duct. deactivates bile. buffers chyme. is secreted by pancreatic islet cells.
buffers chyme.
Muscle relaxation occurs when ________. calcium ions are actively transported out of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ions are actively transported into the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ions diffuse into the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ions diffuse out of the sarcoplasmic reticulum
calcium ions are actively transported into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Sperm must first complete ________ to enable the fertilization of an oocyte. the fast block capacitation the cortical reaction the acrosomal reaction
capacitation
Which part of the large intestine attaches to the appendix? ascending colon cecum descending colon transverse colon
cecum
What multipotent stem cells from children are sometimes banked by parents? cells from the umbilical cord and from baby teeth fetal stem cells embryonic stem cells hematopoietic stem cells from red and white blood cells
cells from the umbilical cord and from baby teeth
Removing functionality from a B cell without killing it is called ________. clonal anergy clonal expansion clonal deletion clonal selection
clonal anergy
The first heart sound represents which portion of the cardiac cycle? atrial systole closing of the atrioventricular valves ventricular systole closing of the semilunar valves
closing of the atrioventricular valves
The papillary and reticular layers of the dermis are composed mainly of ________. keratinocytes connective tissue melanocytes
connective tissue
Which of the following is a possible culprit of "morning sickness"? decreased intestinal peristalsis decreased aldosterone secretion increased minute respiration increased blood volume
decreased intestinal peristalsis
Ligaments connect bones together and withstand a lot of stress. What type of connective tissue should you expect ligaments to contain? areolar tissue adipose tissue dense regular connective tissue dense irregular connective tissue
dense regular connective
Which muscle pair plays a role in respiration? diaphragm, scalene semispinalis cervicis, semispinalis thoracis intertransversarii, interspinales trapezius, rhomboids
diaphragm, scalene
The conceptus, upon reaching the uterus, first ________. hatches disintegrates divides implants
divides
From what structure does the corpus luteum originate? corpus albicans uterine corpus fallopian tube dominant follicle
dominant follicle
A full complement of mature alveoli are present by ________. birth early childhood, around 8 years of age 37 weeks 16 weeks
early childhood, around 8 years of age
Which primary germ layer gave rise to the cells that eventually became the central nervous system? ectoderm acrosome endoderm mesoderm
ectoderm
Differentiated cells in a developing embryo derive from ________. connective tissue, epithelial tissue, and muscle tissue epidermis, mesoderm, and endothelium ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm endothelium, mesothelium, and epithelium
ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
The inner cell mass of the blastocyst is destined to become the ________. placenta trophoblast embryo chorionic villi
embryo
During what process does the amnion envelop the embryo? organogenesis embryonic folding gastrulation implantation
embryonic folding
The two tubes that eventually fuse to form the heart are referred to as the ________. primitive heart tubes endocardial tubes cardiogenic tubes cardiogenic region
endocardial tubes
The ________ layer secretes chemicals that help to regulate ionic environments and strength of contraction and serve as powerful vasoconstrictors. pericardial sac epicardium myocardium endocardium
endocardium
Which of the following is not important in preventing backflow of blood? endocardium chordae tendineae AV valves papillary muscles
endocardium
Which of these cells secrete hormones? mucous neck cells enteroendocrine cells parietal cells chief cells
enteroendocrine cells
Bones grow in length due to activity in the ________. periosteum epiphyseal plate medullary cavity perichondrium
epiphyseal plate
Which structure is located where the esophagus penetrates the diaphragm? cardiac orifice lower esophageal sphincter esophageal hiatus upper esophageal sphincter
esophageal hiatus
Which phase of deglutition involves contraction of the longitudinal muscle layer of the muscularis? esophageal phase voluntary phase buccal phase pharyngeal phase
esophageal phase
Which muscle name does not make sense? extensor minimus longus biceps femoris extensor digitorum gluteus minimus
extensor minimus longus
Fusion of pronuclei occurs during ________. capacitation spermatogenesis ovulation fertilization
fertilization
Which of the following can result from hyperparathyroidism? fractures convulsions all of the above increased bone deposition
fractures
The ________ exocrine gland stores its secretion until the glandular cell ruptures, whereas the ________ gland releases its apical region and reforms. apocrine; holocrine eccrine; apocrine holocrine; apocrine eccrine; endocrine
holocrine; apocrine
Under the microscope, a tissue specimen shows cells located in spaces scattered in a transparent background. This is probably ________. loose connective tissue a tendon bone hyaline cartilage
hyaline cartilage
Increased ventilation that results in an increase in blood pH is called ________. hyperpnea acclimatization hyperventilation apnea
hyperventilation
Where is the inferior oblique muscle located? in the face in the abdomen in the anterior neck in the eye socket
in the eye socket
Condyloid joints ________. are a uniaxial diarthrosis joint are found at the proximal radioulnar joint are a type of ball-and-socket joint include the radiocarpal joint
include the radiocarpal joint
What is the function of the conchae in the nasal cavity? increase surface area maintain surface tension exchange gases maintain air pressure
increase surface area
What signal causes the heart to secrete atrial natriuretic hormone? increased blood pressure decreased blood pressure increased Na+ levels decreased Na+ levels
increased blood pressure
Which structure predominates in the white matter of the brain? ganglia of the parasympathetic nerves neuronal cell bodies myelinated axons bundles of dendrites from the enteric nervous system
myelinated axons
The cells of muscles, myocytes, develop from ________. endoderm myoblasts fibrocytes chondrocytes
myoblasts
The elimination of self-reactive thymocytes is called ________. tolerance positive selection. clonal selection. negative selection.
negative selection.
Which term describes a bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system? nucleus nerve tract ganglion
nerve
The hypothalamus is functionally and anatomically connected to the posterior pituitary lobe by a bridge of ________. nerve axons blood vessels bone cartilage
nerve axons
Which of these three paracrine chemicals cause vasodilation? hydrogen peroxide nitric oxide adenosine ATP
nitric oxide
A bursa ________. prevents friction between skin and bone, or a muscle tendon and bone surrounds a tendon at the point where the tendon crosses a joint secretes the lubricating fluid for a synovial joint is the strong band of connective tissue that holds bones together at a synovial joint
prevents friction between skin and bone, or a muscle tendon and bone
Intramembranous ossification ________. gives rise to the bones of the limbs involves the conversion of a hyaline cartilage model into bone produces the bones of the face and base of the skull produces the bones of the top and sides of the skull
produces the bones of the top and sides of the skull
Which of these processes occurs throughout most of the alimentary canal? ingestion propulsion segmentation absorption
propulsion
The papillary layer of the dermis is most closely associated with which layer of the epidermis? stratum corneum stratum basale stratum spinosum stratum granulosum
stratum basale
As you are walking down the beach, you see a dead, dry, shriveled-up fish. Which layer of your epidermis keeps you from drying out? stratum spinosum stratum corneum stratum basale stratum granulosum
stratum corneum
Langerhans cells are commonly found in the ________. stratum granulosum stratum corneum stratum spinosum stratum basale
stratum spinosum
Collagen lends ________ to the skin. structure elasticity color UV protection
structure
The epiphyseal plate of a growing long bone in a child is classified as a ________. syndesmosis synostosis symphysis synchondrosis
synchondrosis
Which type of fibrous joint connects the tibia and fibula? symphysis suture syndesmosis gomphosis
syndesmosis
Why is clonal expansion so important? to select for specific cells to kill target cells to increase the numbers of specific cells to secrete cytokines
to increase the numbers of specific cells
Which of the lymphoid nodules is most likely to see food antigens first? Peyer's patches tonsils mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue
tonsils
TorF 1.Someone with albinism over produces pigment in their skin, eyes and hair. 2.Albinism can occur across the animal kingdom. 3.Albinism doesn't ever affect the function of the eyes. 4.Your skin has 4 main layers
1.F 2.T 3.F 4.F
True or false: 1.A stem cell is undifferentiated. 2.A stem cell can give rise to more stem cells. 3.The cells around the blatocyst will form the embryo. 4.There are about 250 different cell types in the body. 5.Bone marrow doesn't contain stem cells.
1T 2T 3F 4T 5F
In which septum is it normal to find openings in the adult? interatrial septum atrioventricular septum all of the above interventricular septum
AV septum
Which of the following is a feature common to all three components of the cytoskeleton? They all serve to scaffold the organelles within the cell. They are all polymers of protein subunits. They all help the cell resist compression and tension. They are all characterized by roughly the same diameter.
All polymers of protein subunits
The influx of which ion accounts for the plateau phase? potassium calcium chloride sodium
Ca
Which of the following occurs during the chloride shift? Chloride is removed from the erythrocyte. Bicarbonate is removed from the blood. Bicarbonate is removed from the erythrocyte. Chloride is exchanged for bicarbonate.
Chloride is exchanged for bicarbonate.
Which of the following is not a type of tissue? muscle nervous embryonic epithelial
Embryonic
TorF 1The axon of a neuron is the head region of the neuron. 2There are a lot of sodium ions outside the axon 3Sodium rushes into the cell once an action potential is reached. 4When Potassium leaves the cell, causing even more Sodium ions to flood the cell.
F T T F
Progesterone secreted by the placenta suppresses ________ to prevent maturation of ovarian follicles. estrogen and hCG FSH and LH hCG and FSH LH and estrogen
FSH and LH
Which of these is a vasoconstrictor? bradykinin angiotensin II nitric oxide natriuretic hormone
angiotensin II
The taking in of antigen and digesting it for later presentation is called ________. antigen processing antigen presentation endocytosis exocytosis
antigen processing
Which is moved the least during muscle contraction? the joints the ligaments the origin the insertion
origin
Which of the following are incapable of undergoing mitosis? osteoblasts and osteocytes osteoblasts and osteoclasts osteogenic cells and osteoclasts osteocytes and osteoclasts
osteoblasts and osteocytes
Spermatogenesis begins with mitotic division of spermatogonia (stem cells) to produce primary spermatocytes that undergo the ________ divisions of meiosis to become secondary spermatocytes, 3 4 2 1
2
Which of the following cells would be most active in early, antiviral immune responses the first time one is exposed to pathogen? natural killer cell T cell neutrophil macrophage
NK cell
TorF 1.Adenylyl cyclase is a membrane enzyme. 2.cAMP forms outside the cell. 3.Melatonin is produced in the Pineal Gland. 4.Melatonin does not produce an antioxidant effect.
T F T F
TorF 1.T-tubules crisscross the cells. 2.Depolarization always causes an action potential. 3.The sacroplasmic reticulum is the main storage space for Calcium in muscle cells. 4.Troponin binds to calcium thus moving tropomyosin off the myosin binding sites.
T F T T
Which of the following properties is not common to all three muscle tissues? at rest, uses shielding proteins to cover actin-binding sites excitability elasticity the need for ATP
at rest, uses shielding proteins to cover actin-binding sites
Most blood enters the ventricle during ________. ventricular systole atrial diastole isovolumic contraction atrial systole
atrial diastole
Which of the following is part of the elongation step of DNA synthesis? none of these answers untwisting the DNA helix pulling apart the two DNA strands attaching complementary nucleotides to the template strand
attaching complimentary nucleotides
Which of the following is unique to cardiac muscle cells? Only cardiac muscle has gap junctions. Only cardiac muscle has a high concentration of mitochondria. Only cardiac muscle is capable of autorhythmicity Only cardiac muscle contains a sarcoplasmic reticulum.
autorhythmicity
Which part of a neuron transmits an electrical signal to a target cell? dendrites axon cell body soma
axon
Which type of T cell is most effective against viruses? regulatory T cells Th1 cytotoxic T cells TH2
cytotoxic T cells
Parietal cells secrete ________. hydrochloric acid gastrin pepsinogen pepsin
hcl
Which of these beverages does not have a diuretic effect? milk alcohol coffee tea
milk
Leydig cells ________. activate the sperm flagellum support spermatogenesis secrete testosterone secrete seminal fluid
secrete testosterone
Most of the bones of the arms and hands are long bones; however, the bones in the wrist are categorized as ________. flat bones irregular bones sesamoid bones short bones
short bones
Striations, cylindrical cells, and multiple nuclei are observed in ________. skeletal muscle only cardiac muscle only skeletal and cardiac muscle only smooth muscle only
skeletal only
The gonads produce what class of hormones? peptide hormones steroid hormones amine hormones catecholamines
steroids