ANA westcott final

A blastocyst is a fertilized egg that is about 5-9 days old.

T

What happens to the small and large ribosomal subunits at the end of translation? a. They separate and move and are free to join translation of other segments of mRNA. b.They separate to form DNA c.The stay together to form larger molecules d.They stay together to form amino acids.

a

TorF 1.Growth plates are areas of cartilage where new bone tissue is made. 2.Skeletal maturity is reached at about the ages of 14 for girls and 16 for boys.

1.T 2.T

Which class of antibody crosses the placenta in pregnant women? IgB IgG IgE IgA

IgG

Which of the following central nervous system cells regulate ions, regulate the uptake and/or breakdown of some neurotransmitters, and contribute to the formation of the blood-brain barrier? astrocytes microglia neuroglia oligodendrocytes

astrocytes

What aspect of creatine phosphate allows it to supply energy to muscles? phosphate bonds hydrogen bonds ATPase activity carbon bonds

phosphate bonds

Which of the following is a prime mover in head flexion? masseter sternocleidomastoid corrugator supercilii occipitofrontalis

sternocleidomastoid

Which of the following lists the valves in the order through which the blood flows from the vena cava through the heart? aortic semilunar, pulmonary semilunar, tricuspid, bicuspid bicuspid, aortic semilunar, tricuspid, pulmonary semilunar tricuspid, pulmonary semilunar, bicuspid, aortic semilunar mitral, pulmonary semilunar, bicuspid, aortic semilunar

tricuspid, pulmonary semilunar, bicuspid, aortic semilunar

Which of the following is an anterior pituitary hormone? TSH oxytocin ADH cortisol

TSH

T cells that secrete cytokines that help antibody responses are called ________. thymocytes Th1 regulatory T cells Th2

Th2

Blood filtrate is captured in the lumen of the ________. calyces glomerulus Bowman's capsule renal papillae

Bowman's capsule

Place the following structures in order from least to most complex organization: chromatin, nucleosome, DNA, chromosome DNA, chromatin, nucleosome, chromosome nucleosome, chromatin, DNA, chromosome DNA, nucleosome, chromatin, chromosome nucleosome, DNA, chromosome, chromatin

DNA, nucleosome, chromatin, chromosome

Which of the following phases is characterized by preparation for DNA synthesis? S G1 Interphase G0

G1

Similar to the hair, nails grow continuously throughout our lives. Which of the following is furthest from the nail growth center? eponychium hyponychium nail bed nail root

Hyponchium

a low partial pressure of oxygen promotes hemoglobin binding to carbon dioxide. This is an example of the ________. Bohr effect Dalton's law Henry's law Haldane effect

Haldane effect

The correct order for the smallest to the largest unit of organization in muscle tissue is ________. myofibril, muscle fiber, filament, fascicle filament, myofibril, muscle fiber, fascicle fascicle, filament, muscle fiber, myofibril muscle fiber, fascicle, filament, myofibril

filament, myofibril, muscle fiber, fascicle

One of the functions of the integumentary system is protection. Which of the following does not directly contribute to that function? folic acid synthesis stratum lucidum Merkel cells desmosomes

folic acid synthesis

The names of the extrinsic tongue muscles commonly end in ________. hyoid glottis gluteus glossus

glossus

Which hypothalamic hormone contributes to the regulation of the male reproductive system? luteinizing hormone gonadotropin-releasing hormone androgens follicle-stimulating hormone

gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Supination is the motion that moves the ________. scapula in an upward direction hand from the palm forward position to the palm backward position hand from the palm backward position to the palm forward position foot so that the bottom of the foot faces the midline of the body

hand from the palm backward position to the palm forward position

Which of the following occurs in the spongy bone of the epiphysis? bone growth bone remodeling hematopoiesis shock absorption

hematopoiesis

Gas exchange that occurs at the level of the tissues is called ________. internal respiration interpulmonary respiration pulmonary ventilation external respiration

internal respiration

Bones that surround the spinal cord are classified as ________ bones. flat short sesamoid irregular

irregular

A cartilaginous joint ________. is formed by a wide sheet of fibrous connective tissue is called a symphysis when the bones are united by fibrocartilage has a joint cavity anchors the teeth to the jaws

is called a symphysis when the bones are united by fibrocartilage has a joint cavity

Smooth muscles differ from skeletal and cardiac muscles in that they ________. lack myofibrils lack actin are under voluntary control lack myosin

lack myofibrils

Which of these is most associated with villi? lacteals intestinal glands haustra bacterial flora

lacteals

Which of the following are found in compact bone and cancellous bone? Haversian canals Haversian systems lamellae bone marrow

lamallae

The myocardium would be the thickest in the ________. right atrium right ventricle left ventricle left atrium

left ventricle

The pelvic girdle attaches the ________ to the axial skeleton. vertebrae legs arms pelvis

legs

What two types of macromolecules are the main components of myelin? lipids and proteins carbohydrates and nucleic acids proteins and nucleic acids carbohydrates and lipids

lipids and proteins

Which category of bone is among the most numerous in the skeleton? long bone flat bone sesamoid bone short bone

long bone

The primary structure found within the medulla is the ________. portal system ureter minor calyces loop of Henle

loop of Henle

The foramen ovale causes the fetal circulatory system to bypass the ________. lungs gonads liver kidneys

lungs

Which enzymes in macrophages are important for clearing intracellular bacteria? metabolic lysosomal mitochondrial nuclear

lysosomal

The cardiovascular centers are located in which area of the brain? medulla oblongata pons mesencephalon (midbrain) microglia

medulla oblongata

Of the three germ layers that give rise to all adult tissues and organs, which gives rise to the heart? mesoderm ectoderm placenta endoderm

mesoderm

What type of glial cell provides myelin for the axons in a tract? satellite cell Schwann cell astrocyte oligodendrocyte

oligodendrocyte

Enhanced phagocytosis of a cell by the binding of a specific protein is called ________. complement activation anaphylaxis opsonization endocytosis

opsonization

In bone, the main cells are ________. lymphocytes fibroblasts osteocytes chondrocytes

osteocytes

An individual using a sharp knife notices a small amount of blood where he just cut himself. Which of the following layers of skin did he have to cut into in order to bleed? stratum corneum papillary dermis stratum granulosum stratum basale

papillary dermis

Which muscle has a convergent pattern of fascicles? rectus femoris gluteus maximus pectoralis major biceps brachii

pec major

The fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of the bone is the ________. epiphysis endosteum diaphysis periosteum

periosteum

What are the names of the capillaries following the efferent arteriole? peritubular and medullary peritubular and vasa recta arcuate and medullary interlobar and interlobular

peritubular and vasa recta

Arrange the following terms in order of increasing specialization: oligopotency, pleuripotency, unipotency, multipotency. pleuripotency, multipotency, oligopotency, unipotency multipotency, pleuripotency, oligopotency, unipotency pleuripotency, oligopotency, multipotency unipotency oligopotency, pleuripotency, unipotency, multipotency

pleuripotency, multipotency, oligopotency, unipotency

Which type of epithelial tissue specializes in moving particles across its surface and is found in airways? stratified squamous ciliated columnar transitional pseudostratified ciliated columnar

pseudostratified ciliated columnar

Which of the following processes does atmospheric pressure play a role in? pulmonary ventilation resistance surface tension production of pulmonary surfactant

pulmonary ventilation

During gastric emptying, chyme is released into the duodenum through the ________. pyloric sphincter pyloric antrum esophageal hiatus pyloric canal

pyloric sphincter

Which of the following abdominal muscles is not a part of the anterior abdominal wall? exterior oblique rectus abdominis interior oblique quadratus lumborum

quadratus lumborum

The renal pyramids are separated from each other by extensions of the renal cortex called ________. minor calyces renal medulla renal columns medullary cortices

renal columns

Which of the following prevents the alveoli from collapsing? tidal volume expiratory reserve volume residual volume inspiratory reserve volume

residual volume

Gas flow decreases as ________ increases. pressure friction airway diameter resistance

resistance

The _________________ system consists of organs and structures that allow us to breathe by taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide. bronchial pulmonary interlobular respiratory

respiratory

During what phase of the cell cycle is the DNA replicated? G2 G1 S cytokenesis

s

Thin and thick filaments are organized into functional units called ________. myofibrils sarcomeres myofilaments T-tubules

sarcomeres

Endocrine glands ________. secrete hormones that travel through a duct to the target organs release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft secrete chemical messengers that travel in the bloodstream include sebaceous glands and sweat glands

secrete chemical messengers that travel in the bloodstream

Exercise can trigger symptoms of AMS due to which of the following? low atmospheric pressure small venous reserve of oxygen abnormal neural signals low partial pressure of oxygen

small venous reserve of oxygen

Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypodermis? source of blood vessels in the epidermis protects underlying organs helps maintain body temperature a site to long-term energy storage

source of blood vessels in the epidermis

What happens to the urine excreted by the fetus when the kidneys begin to function? The endometrium absorbs it. It is turned into meconium. It adds to the amniotic fluid. The umbilical cord carries it to the placenta for removal.

It adds to the amniotic fluid.

What is the function of the epididymis? sperm maturation and storage provides nitric oxide needed for erections produces the bulk of seminal fluid spermatogenesis

sperm maturation and storage

Which of the following helps an agonist work? a fixator an antagonist an insertion a synergist

synergist

Sesamoid bones are found embedded in ________. muscles joints tendons ligaments

tendons

The fine tuning of water recovery or disposal occurs in ________. the ascending loop of Henle the collecting ducts the proximal convoluted tubule the distal convoluted tubule

the collecting ducts

Depolarization of the sarcolemma means ________. the inside of the membrane has become more negative as sodium ions accumulate the inside of the membrane has become less negative as sodium ions accumulate the sarcolemma has completely lost any electrical charge the outside of the membrane has become less negative as sodium ions accumulate

the inside of the membrane has become less negative as sodium ions accumulate

An example of a wide fibrous joint is ________. a suture joint a gomphosis the interosseous membrane of the forearm a synostosis

the interosseous membrane of the forearm

Which of these joints is classified as a synarthrosis? an invertebral disc the manubriosternal joint the pubic symphysis the shoulder joint

the manubriosternal joint

Which of these joints is classified as a biaxial diarthrosis? the elbow joint the hip joint the pubic symphysis the metacarpophalangeal joint

the metacarpophalangeal joint

The placenta is formed from ________. the embryo's mesenchymal cells the mother's endometrium and the embryo's chorionic membrane the mother's endometrium only the mother's endometrium and the embryo's umbilical cord

the mother's endometrium and the embryo's chorionic membrane

The development of a goiter indicates that ________. the anterior pituitary is abnormally enlarged there is hypertrophy of the thyroid's follicle cells there is an excessive accumulation of colloid in the thyroid follicles the anterior pituitary is secreting excessive growth hormone

there is an excessive accumulation of colloid in the thyroid follicles

Which region of the vertebral column has the greatest range of motion for rotation? cervical sacral lumbar thoracic

thoracic

Which structure allows lymph from the lower right limb to enter the bloodstream? thoracic duct left lymphatic trunk right lymphatic duct right lymphatic trunk

thoracic duct

A newly developed pesticide has been observed to bind to an intracellular hormone receptor. If ingested, residue from this pesticide could disrupt levels of ________. melatonin insulin thyroid hormone growth hormone

thyroid hormone

Which muscle extends the forearm? triceps brachii deltoid brachialis biceps brachii

triceps brachii

Peristaltic contractions occur in the ________. urethra, bladder, and ureters urethra ureters bladder

ureters

Which of the following membranes covers the stomach? parietal peritoneum visceral peritoneum falciform ligament mesocolon

visceral peritoneum

What would happen if the trophoblast did not secrete hCG upon implantation of the blastocyst? Menses would flush the blastocyst out of the uterus. The uterine mucosa would not envelop the blastocyst. The corpus luteum would continue to produce progesterone and estrogen. The cells would not continue to divide.

Menses would flush the blastocyst out of the uterus.

Which component of the heart conduction system would have the slowest rate of firing? atrioventricular bundle bundle branches atrioventricular node Purkinje fibers

Purkinje fibers

Which arrangement best describes a bipennate muscle? The muscle fibers feed in on an angle to a long tendon from one side. The muscle fibers feed in on an angle to a long tendon from all directions. The muscle fibers on one side of a tendon feed into it at a certain angle and muscle fibers on the other side of the tendon feed into it at the opposite angle. The muscle fibers feed in on an angle to a long tendon from both sides.

The muscle fibers feed in on an angle to a long tendon from both sides.

Which of these statements about the pharynx is true? The oropharynx is continuous superiorly with the nasopharynx. The laryngopharynx is composed partially of cartilage. The nasopharynx is involved in digestion. It extends from the nasal and oral cavities superiorly to the esophagus anteriorly.

The oropharynx is continuous superiorly with the nasopharynx.

Contraction of the external intercostal muscles causes which of the following to occur? The rib cage is compressed. The thoracic cavity volume decreases. The ribs and sternum move upward. The diaphragm moves downward.

The ribs and sternum move upward.

Which of the following statements describes smooth muscle cells? They primarily use anaerobic metabolism. They are resistant to fatigue. They cannot exhibit tetanus. They have a rapid onset of contractions.

They are resistant to fatigue.

Which of the following is unique to the muscles of facial expression? They only insert onto the facial bones. They insert onto the cartilage found around the face. They insert into the skin. They all originate from the scalp musculature.

They insert into the skin.

A meniscus is ________. a fluid-filled space that prevents friction between a muscle tendon and underlying bone the lubricating fluid within a synovial joint the articular cartilage that covers the ends of a bone at a synovial joint a fibrocartilage pad that provides padding between bones

a fibrocartilage pad that provides padding between bones

The area of a bone where the nutrient foramen passes forms what kind of bone marking? a hole a fissure a canal a facet

a hole

Ion pumps and phagocytosis are both examples of ________ passive transport facilitated transport active transport endocytosis

active transport

The force the heart must overcome to pump blood is known as ________. preload cardiac output afterload stroke volume

afterload

What hormone directly opposes the actions of natriuretic hormones? renin nitric oxide aldosterone dopamine

aldosterone

Which of the following are structural features of the trachea? all of these C-shaped cartilage cilia smooth muscle fibers

all

The location of a muscle's insertion and origin can determine ________. action all of these type of movement muscle name

all of these

Which part of the urinary system is not completely retroperitoneal? kidneys bladder nephrons ureters

bladder

Cleavage produces daughter cells called ________. morulae blastocysts trophoblasts blastomeres

blastomeres

During weeks 9-12 of fetal development, ________. bone marrow begins to assume erythrocyte production meconium begins to accumulate in the intestines the spinal cord begins to be myelinated surfactant production begins in the fetal lungs

bone marrow begins to assume erythrocyte production

A section of the lung that receives its own tertiary bronchus is called the ________. bronchopulmonary segment pulmonary lobule respiratory segment interpulmonary segment

bronchopulmonary segment

Pancreatic juice ________. is released into the cystic duct. deactivates bile. buffers chyme. is secreted by pancreatic islet cells.

buffers chyme.

Muscle relaxation occurs when ________. calcium ions are actively transported out of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ions are actively transported into the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ions diffuse into the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ions diffuse out of the sarcoplasmic reticulum

calcium ions are actively transported into the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Sperm must first complete ________ to enable the fertilization of an oocyte. the fast block capacitation the cortical reaction the acrosomal reaction

capacitation

Which part of the large intestine attaches to the appendix? ascending colon cecum descending colon transverse colon

cecum

What multipotent stem cells from children are sometimes banked by parents? cells from the umbilical cord and from baby teeth fetal stem cells embryonic stem cells hematopoietic stem cells from red and white blood cells

cells from the umbilical cord and from baby teeth

Removing functionality from a B cell without killing it is called ________. clonal anergy clonal expansion clonal deletion clonal selection

clonal anergy

The first heart sound represents which portion of the cardiac cycle? atrial systole closing of the atrioventricular valves ventricular systole closing of the semilunar valves

closing of the atrioventricular valves

The papillary and reticular layers of the dermis are composed mainly of ________. keratinocytes connective tissue melanocytes

connective tissue

Which of the following is a possible culprit of "morning sickness"? decreased intestinal peristalsis decreased aldosterone secretion increased minute respiration increased blood volume

decreased intestinal peristalsis

Ligaments connect bones together and withstand a lot of stress. What type of connective tissue should you expect ligaments to contain? areolar tissue adipose tissue dense regular connective tissue dense irregular connective tissue

dense regular connective

Which muscle pair plays a role in respiration? diaphragm, scalene semispinalis cervicis, semispinalis thoracis intertransversarii, interspinales trapezius, rhomboids

diaphragm, scalene

The conceptus, upon reaching the uterus, first ________. hatches disintegrates divides implants

divides

From what structure does the corpus luteum originate? corpus albicans uterine corpus fallopian tube dominant follicle

dominant follicle

A full complement of mature alveoli are present by ________. birth early childhood, around 8 years of age 37 weeks 16 weeks

early childhood, around 8 years of age

Which primary germ layer gave rise to the cells that eventually became the central nervous system? ectoderm acrosome endoderm mesoderm

ectoderm

Differentiated cells in a developing embryo derive from ________. connective tissue, epithelial tissue, and muscle tissue epidermis, mesoderm, and endothelium ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm endothelium, mesothelium, and epithelium

ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

The inner cell mass of the blastocyst is destined to become the ________. placenta trophoblast embryo chorionic villi

embryo

During what process does the amnion envelop the embryo? organogenesis embryonic folding gastrulation implantation

embryonic folding

The two tubes that eventually fuse to form the heart are referred to as the ________. primitive heart tubes endocardial tubes cardiogenic tubes cardiogenic region

endocardial tubes

The ________ layer secretes chemicals that help to regulate ionic environments and strength of contraction and serve as powerful vasoconstrictors. pericardial sac epicardium myocardium endocardium

endocardium

Which of the following is not important in preventing backflow of blood? endocardium chordae tendineae AV valves papillary muscles

endocardium

Which of these cells secrete hormones? mucous neck cells enteroendocrine cells parietal cells chief cells

enteroendocrine cells

Bones grow in length due to activity in the ________. periosteum epiphyseal plate medullary cavity perichondrium

epiphyseal plate

Which structure is located where the esophagus penetrates the diaphragm? cardiac orifice lower esophageal sphincter esophageal hiatus upper esophageal sphincter

esophageal hiatus

Which phase of deglutition involves contraction of the longitudinal muscle layer of the muscularis? esophageal phase voluntary phase buccal phase pharyngeal phase

esophageal phase

Which muscle name does not make sense? extensor minimus longus biceps femoris extensor digitorum gluteus minimus

extensor minimus longus

Fusion of pronuclei occurs during ________. capacitation spermatogenesis ovulation fertilization

fertilization

Which of the following can result from hyperparathyroidism? fractures convulsions all of the above increased bone deposition

fractures

The ________ exocrine gland stores its secretion until the glandular cell ruptures, whereas the ________ gland releases its apical region and reforms. apocrine; holocrine eccrine; apocrine holocrine; apocrine eccrine; endocrine

holocrine; apocrine

Under the microscope, a tissue specimen shows cells located in spaces scattered in a transparent background. This is probably ________. loose connective tissue a tendon bone hyaline cartilage

hyaline cartilage

Increased ventilation that results in an increase in blood pH is called ________. hyperpnea acclimatization hyperventilation apnea

hyperventilation

Where is the inferior oblique muscle located? in the face in the abdomen in the anterior neck in the eye socket

in the eye socket

Condyloid joints ________. are a uniaxial diarthrosis joint are found at the proximal radioulnar joint are a type of ball-and-socket joint include the radiocarpal joint

include the radiocarpal joint

What is the function of the conchae in the nasal cavity? increase surface area maintain surface tension exchange gases maintain air pressure

increase surface area

What signal causes the heart to secrete atrial natriuretic hormone? increased blood pressure decreased blood pressure increased Na+ levels decreased Na+ levels

increased blood pressure

Which structure predominates in the white matter of the brain? ganglia of the parasympathetic nerves neuronal cell bodies myelinated axons bundles of dendrites from the enteric nervous system

myelinated axons

The cells of muscles, myocytes, develop from ________. endoderm myoblasts fibrocytes chondrocytes

myoblasts

The elimination of self-reactive thymocytes is called ________. tolerance positive selection. clonal selection. negative selection.

negative selection.

Which term describes a bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system? nucleus nerve tract ganglion

nerve

The hypothalamus is functionally and anatomically connected to the posterior pituitary lobe by a bridge of ________. nerve axons blood vessels bone cartilage

nerve axons

Which of these three paracrine chemicals cause vasodilation? hydrogen peroxide nitric oxide adenosine ATP

nitric oxide

A bursa ________. prevents friction between skin and bone, or a muscle tendon and bone surrounds a tendon at the point where the tendon crosses a joint secretes the lubricating fluid for a synovial joint is the strong band of connective tissue that holds bones together at a synovial joint

prevents friction between skin and bone, or a muscle tendon and bone

Intramembranous ossification ________. gives rise to the bones of the limbs involves the conversion of a hyaline cartilage model into bone produces the bones of the face and base of the skull produces the bones of the top and sides of the skull

produces the bones of the top and sides of the skull

Which of these processes occurs throughout most of the alimentary canal? ingestion propulsion segmentation absorption

propulsion

The papillary layer of the dermis is most closely associated with which layer of the epidermis? stratum corneum stratum basale stratum spinosum stratum granulosum

stratum basale

As you are walking down the beach, you see a dead, dry, shriveled-up fish. Which layer of your epidermis keeps you from drying out? stratum spinosum stratum corneum stratum basale stratum granulosum

stratum corneum

Langerhans cells are commonly found in the ________. stratum granulosum stratum corneum stratum spinosum stratum basale

stratum spinosum

Collagen lends ________ to the skin. structure elasticity color UV protection

structure

The epiphyseal plate of a growing long bone in a child is classified as a ________. syndesmosis synostosis symphysis synchondrosis

synchondrosis

Which type of fibrous joint connects the tibia and fibula? symphysis suture syndesmosis gomphosis

syndesmosis

Why is clonal expansion so important? to select for specific cells to kill target cells to increase the numbers of specific cells to secrete cytokines

to increase the numbers of specific cells

Which of the lymphoid nodules is most likely to see food antigens first? Peyer's patches tonsils mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue

tonsils

TorF 1.Someone with albinism over produces pigment in their skin, eyes and hair. 2.Albinism can occur across the animal kingdom. 3.Albinism doesn't ever affect the function of the eyes. 4.Your skin has 4 main layers

1.F 2.T 3.F 4.F

True or false: 1.A stem cell is undifferentiated. 2.A stem cell can give rise to more stem cells. 3.The cells around the blatocyst will form the embryo. 4.There are about 250 different cell types in the body. 5.Bone marrow doesn't contain stem cells.

1T 2T 3F 4T 5F

In which septum is it normal to find openings in the adult? interatrial septum atrioventricular septum all of the above interventricular septum

AV septum

Which of the following is a feature common to all three components of the cytoskeleton? They all serve to scaffold the organelles within the cell. They are all polymers of protein subunits. They all help the cell resist compression and tension. They are all characterized by roughly the same diameter.

All polymers of protein subunits

The influx of which ion accounts for the plateau phase? potassium calcium chloride sodium

Ca

Which of the following occurs during the chloride shift? Chloride is removed from the erythrocyte. Bicarbonate is removed from the blood. Bicarbonate is removed from the erythrocyte. Chloride is exchanged for bicarbonate.

Chloride is exchanged for bicarbonate.

Which of the following is not a type of tissue? muscle nervous embryonic epithelial

Embryonic

TorF 1The axon of a neuron is the head region of the neuron. 2There are a lot of sodium ions outside the axon 3Sodium rushes into the cell once an action potential is reached. 4When Potassium leaves the cell, causing even more Sodium ions to flood the cell.

F T T F

Progesterone secreted by the placenta suppresses ________ to prevent maturation of ovarian follicles. estrogen and hCG FSH and LH hCG and FSH LH and estrogen

FSH and LH

Which of these is a vasoconstrictor? bradykinin angiotensin II nitric oxide natriuretic hormone

angiotensin II

The taking in of antigen and digesting it for later presentation is called ________. antigen processing antigen presentation endocytosis exocytosis

antigen processing

Which is moved the least during muscle contraction? the joints the ligaments the origin the insertion

origin

Which of the following are incapable of undergoing mitosis? osteoblasts and osteocytes osteoblasts and osteoclasts osteogenic cells and osteoclasts osteocytes and osteoclasts

osteoblasts and osteocytes

Spermatogenesis begins with mitotic division of spermatogonia (stem cells) to produce primary spermatocytes that undergo the ________ divisions of meiosis to become secondary spermatocytes, 3 4 2 1

2

Which of the following cells would be most active in early, antiviral immune responses the first time one is exposed to pathogen? natural killer cell T cell neutrophil macrophage

NK cell

TorF 1.Adenylyl cyclase is a membrane enzyme. 2.cAMP forms outside the cell. 3.Melatonin is produced in the Pineal Gland. 4.Melatonin does not produce an antioxidant effect.

T F T F

TorF 1.T-tubules crisscross the cells. 2.Depolarization always causes an action potential. 3.The sacroplasmic reticulum is the main storage space for Calcium in muscle cells. 4.Troponin binds to calcium thus moving tropomyosin off the myosin binding sites.

T F T T

Which of the following properties is not common to all three muscle tissues? at rest, uses shielding proteins to cover actin-binding sites excitability elasticity the need for ATP

at rest, uses shielding proteins to cover actin-binding sites

Most blood enters the ventricle during ________. ventricular systole atrial diastole isovolumic contraction atrial systole

atrial diastole

Which of the following is part of the elongation step of DNA synthesis? none of these answers untwisting the DNA helix pulling apart the two DNA strands attaching complementary nucleotides to the template strand

attaching complimentary nucleotides

Which of the following is unique to cardiac muscle cells? Only cardiac muscle has gap junctions. Only cardiac muscle has a high concentration of mitochondria. Only cardiac muscle is capable of autorhythmicity Only cardiac muscle contains a sarcoplasmic reticulum.

autorhythmicity

Which part of a neuron transmits an electrical signal to a target cell? dendrites axon cell body soma

axon

Which type of T cell is most effective against viruses? regulatory T cells Th1 cytotoxic T cells TH2

cytotoxic T cells

Parietal cells secrete ________. hydrochloric acid gastrin pepsinogen pepsin

hcl

Which of these beverages does not have a diuretic effect? milk alcohol coffee tea

milk

Leydig cells ________. activate the sperm flagellum support spermatogenesis secrete testosterone secrete seminal fluid

secrete testosterone

Most of the bones of the arms and hands are long bones; however, the bones in the wrist are categorized as ________. flat bones irregular bones sesamoid bones short bones

short bones

Striations, cylindrical cells, and multiple nuclei are observed in ________. skeletal muscle only cardiac muscle only skeletal and cardiac muscle only smooth muscle only

skeletal only

The gonads produce what class of hormones? peptide hormones steroid hormones amine hormones catecholamines

steroids