Anatomy 1 Exam 2: Integumentary System

Skin color differences among both individuals and races are mostly the result of:

different levels of melanocyte activity and different colors of melanin

The dermal papillae interlock with deep projections of the epidermis called:

epidermal ridges

Second-degree burns: A) May cause slight scarring B) Involve the epidermis and part of the dermis C) Cause blistering beneath the epidermis D) All of the above

D, All of the above

Variations in hair color may result from: A) Environmental and hormonal factors B) Genetic differences in the structure of melanin C) An age-related decrease in pigment production D) All of the above

D, All of the above

Which of the following are benign tumors that affect the appearance of the skin? A) Capillary hemangiomas B) Port-wine stains C) Nevi D) All of the above

D, All of the above

A result of skin exposure to UV radiation that actually promotes good health is...

Synthesis of cholecalciferol

The relatively coarse, pigmented hair of the scalp, eyebrows, and eyelashes is...

Terminal hair

Generally, a "bald" man has not really lost his hair but rather has replaced his ____________ hairs with ____________ hairs.

Terminal; vellus

A person with defective ____________ would be particularly at risk for both infection and cancer in the deeper epidermal layers.

Langerhans cells

How does the epidermis vary within a single individual?

Thickness, coloration, and skin markings

Stretch marks, or striae, are the result of:

Torn collagen fibers in the dermis

Another name for a hair is:

A pilus

Hairs in the scalp normally grow: A) Indefinitely, stopping only if the follicle is destroyed B) About one-third of a millimeter per day for 2 to 5 years C) To a maximum length of 20 inches before shedding D) Sporadically, with the rate increasing if the hair is cut

B, About one-third of a millimeter per day for 2 to 5 years

The following statements all characterize basal cell carcinomas. Which one does not apply equally well to other forms of skin cancer? A) They originate deep in the epidermis B) They seldom metastasize to other tissues C) They are strongly linked to previous damage by UV radiation D) They are the result of uncontrolled mitosis

B, They seldom metastasize to other tissues

From the basement membrane outward, the strata of the epidermis are:

Basale, spinosum, granulosum, corneum

The skin turns red when a fair-skinned person blushes because...

Blood flow to the skin increases

All of the following are important functions of human hair except: A) Protecting the scalp from sunburn and injury B) Preventing entry of foreign particles into the eyes, ears, and nose C) Providing insulation for the overall body surface D) Assisting in the dispersal of pheromones

C, Providing insulation for the overall body surface

Which type of acne lesion would be least responsive to antibiotic treatment? A) Comedo B) Papule C) Nodule D) Cyst

A, Comedo

The most dangerous kind of skin cancer originates from: A) Melanocytes in an existing mole B) Keratinocytes in the stratum basale C) Keratinocytes in the stratum spinosum D) None of the above

A, Melanocytes in an existing mole

Which of the following is not a significant possible health benefit of carotene? A) Protects the skin from harmful radiation in sunlight B) Helps maintain normal vision when converted into vitamin A C) Helps eliminate potentially dangerous molecules produced by metabolism D) May boost the number and activity of immune cells

A, Protects the skin from harmful radiation in sunlight.

All of the following conditions directly involve sebaceous glands except A) Urticaria B) Acne C) Furuncles D) Folliculitis

A, Urticaria

The prevalence of acne during teenage years indicates that: A) sex hormones trigger increased activity in sebaceous glands as well as other tissues B) teenagers do not care for their skin as well as older or younger individuals C) both of the above D) Neither A or B is correct

A, sex hormones trigger increased activity in sebaceous glands as well as other tissues

Systemic acne treatments (taken internally) potentially have much more widespread, sometimes unanticipated, effects than topical treatments. For example, ____________ and other systemic retinoids may be powerful teratogens.

Accutane

A genetic mutation preventing the production of the enzyme tyrosinase would result in the condition known as...

Albinism

Which of the following is false? Ceruminous glands... A) Produce earwax in the external ear canal B) Are modified sebaceous glands C) Are much less numerous than eccrine glands D) Are related to glands that help to regulate body temperature

B, Are modified sebaceous glands

Which skin color abnormalities result from alterations in blood contents rather than blood flow? A) Pallor and erythema B) Cyanosis and jaundice

B, Cyanosis and Jaundice

Which of the following makes no significant contribution to skin color? A) Hemoglobin B) Keratin C) Melanin D) Carotene

B, Keratin

Lanolin, refined from the lipid secretions of sheep skin, is often used to augment humans' holocrine skin secretion called A) Cerumen B) Sebum C) Sweat D) None of the above

B, Sebum

Apocrine sweat glands occur in all of the following locations except: A) The areola B) The palms C) The axillae D) The groin

B, The palms

Which statement about the subcutaneous layer is FALSE? A) It consists of areolar connective tissue and adipose connective tissue B) It stabilizes the position of the skin and binds it to the underlying tissues C) Corresponding to larger body size, it is normally thicker in men than in women D) Also called the hypodermis or superficial fascia, it is not part of the integument

C, Corresponding to larger body size, it is normally thicker in men than in women

Which of the following nail disorders might also be a symptom of kidney failure? A) Onychomycosis B) Yellow nail syndrome C) Half-and-half D) Vertical ridging

C, Half-and-half

Limited exposure to ultraviolet radiation is useful because it: A) Protects against most types of skin cancer B) Reduces swelling in underlying connective tissues C) Helps epidermal cells convert a steroid to vitamin D3 D) Stimulates an increase in melanocyte production

C, Helps epidermal cells convert a steroid to vitamin D3.

Which term describes the skin's normal release of water vapor without noticeable sweat? A) Sublimation B) Dehydration C) Insensible perspiration D) Sensible perspiration

C, Insensible perspiration

By producing sensible perspiration, merocrine sweat glands assist in: A) Regulating body temperature through evaporation B) Ridding the body of excess water and electrolytes C) Protecting against environmental hazards D) All of the above

D, All of the above

Dermal structures that originate from the invagination of the epidermis include: A) The accessory organs of the integument B) Sweat and sebaceous glands, nails, and hair C) The integumentary appendages D) All of the above

D, All of the above.

Which of the following are specialized cells found in the deeper layers of the epidermis? A) tactile cells B) Epidermal Dendritic Cells C) Melanocytes D) All of the above

D, All of the above. Tactile cells, epidermal dendritic cells and melanocytes are all found in the deeper layers of the epidermis.

Of the following, the least specific skin problem is A) Psoriasis B) Folliculitis C) Impetigo D) Pruritis

D, Pruritis

A victim of extensive third-degree burns is at high risk not only from bacterial infection but also potentially lethal...

Dehydration

The connective tissue component of the cutaneous membrane is otherwise known as the ____________.

Dermis

The terms thick and thin skin refer to the relative thickness of the:

Epidermis only

The connective tissue root sheath and epithelial root sheath are both components of the...

Hair follicle

Both hair and nails are composed mainly of dead cells packed with:

Keratin

The fibrous protein ____________ imparts the stratum corneum with strength and water resistance.

Keratin

What are the most abundant cells found in the epidermis?

Keratinocytes

If you stepped on a nail, the second epidermal layer it would penetrate is the stratum...

Lucidum

Which epidermal pigment protects nuclear DNA by absorbing potentially damaging ultraviolet radiation?

Melanin

The most superficial sensory receptors in the skin are called...

Merkel cells

Apocrine sweat glands, variously modified, serve the reproductive system through their secretion of...

Milk and pheromones

The lunula, eponychium, and hyponychium are all structures associated with a...

Nail

What type of gland secretes a lipid material that coats the epidermis and hair shafts to provide lubrication and inhibit bacterial growth?

Sebaceous

Which integumentary exocrine glands are distributed over most of the body surface?

Sebaceous and merocrine sweat glands

Which epidermal layer is found in thick skin only?

Stratum Lucidum

The skin of older persons is more easily damaged and slower to heal because...

The epidermis thins as epidermal stem cells decline in number and activity

The two major regions of the dermis are the superficial ____________ layer and the deeper ____________ layer.

papillary; reticular

In which layers of the epidermis would you find mitotically active cells?

strata basale and spinosum