Programming and Problem solving with C++ - Chapter 1 (Vocab and Questions)

What are the steps taken by the computers fetch-execute cycle?

(1) fetch an instruction (2) the instruction is translated into control signals (3) the control signals tell the computer how to execute the instructions and (4) repeat the sequence starting at (1)

What do we call a sequence of instructions that is executed by computer?

A computer program.

How does a program language differ from human language?

A program language has a very small vocabulary of words and symbols and a very precise set of rules that specify the form and meaning of valid language constructs

A step-by-step procedure for solving a problem and a finite amount of time

Algorithm

How does an algorithm differ from a computer program?

An algorithm can be written in any language to be carried out by a person or a processor of any kind. a program is written in a programming language, for execution by a computer

The component of the central processing unit that performs arithmetic and logical operations

Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)

A program that translates and assembly language program into machine code.

Assembler

A low-level programming language in which a mnemonic is used to represent each of the machine language instructions for a particular computer

Assembly language

A device that stores data in encoded form outside the computers main memory

Auxiliary storage device

Who invented the C++ programming language?

Bjarne Stroustrup at Bell laboratories

The part of the computer that executes the instructions stored in memory made up of the arithmetic/logic unit and the control unit

Central processing unit (CPU)

An electrical circuit that sends out a train of pulses to coordinate the actions of the computer's hardware components the speed of the clock is measured in hertz (cycles per second)

Clock

A program that translates a high-level language into machine code.

Compiler

A programmable device that can store receive and process data

Computer

A sequence of instructions to be performed by computer

Computer program

The process of planning a sequence of steps for a computer to follow

Computer programming

The component of the central processing unit that controls the actions of other components so the instructions or executed in the correct sequence

Control unit

Which of the following tools translate a C++ program into machine language: A. editor B. operating C. system D. compiler E. assembler

D. compiler

Information in the form a computer can use

Data

The written text and comments that make a program easier for others to understand use and modify

Documentation

An interactive program used to create and modify source program or data

Editor

What is the overall strategy of means-ends Analysis?

For the overall strategy of means-ends analysis is to define the ends and then to analyze your means of getting between them

The physical components of a computer

Hardware

What is the general term that we used to refer to the physical components of the computer?

Hardware

Any knowledge that can be communicated

Information

The part of the computer that accepts data to be processed (input) and then present the results of the processing (output)

Input/output devices (I/O)

A system that allows direct communication between user and computer

Interactive system

What happens when I program encounters a selection statement during execution?

It will execute different statements depending on certain conditions

the language made up of binary coded instructions that is used directly by the computer

Machine language

Software written with malicious purpose in mind

Malware

Internal data storage in a computer

Memory unit

Which problem-solving technique should be used as an alternative to the building block approach when we want to save steps?

Merging solutions

Is a computer capable analyzing a problem to come up with a solution?

No a computer is not intelligent, a human must analyze the problem and create a sequence of instructions for solving the problem. A computer can repeat that sequence of instructions over and over again

The machine language version of a source program

Object program

A set of programs that manages all of the computers resources

Operating system

An input/output or auxiliary storage device attached to a computer

Perpetual device

Planning or scheduling the performance of a task or an event

Programming

A set of rules symbols and special words used to construct a computer

Programming language

What are the four basic ways of structuring statements in most programming languages?

Sequentially, conditionally, repetitively, and subprograms.

Computer programs; the set of all programs available on a computer

Software

The application of traditional engineering methodologies and techniques to the development of software

Software engineering

The unauthorized copying of software for either personal use or use by others.

Software piracy

A program written in a high-level programming language

Source program

What do we call the combination of the control unit and the arrhythmic/logic unit?

The central processing unit

What is the input and output of a compiler?

The compiler inputs a source program written in a high-level language and outputs and equivalent program in machine language. Some compilers also output a listing which is a copy of the source program with error messages inserted

What two important types of data are held by the memory unit?

The memory unit holds data that is input to the program or the result of computation and the program instructions

What are the six basic components most computers have?

The memory unit, the arrhythmic/logic unit, the control unit, input devices, output devices and auxiliary storage devices

Describe the three important phases of the waterfall model we must go through to write sequence instructions for computer.

The problem-solving phase focuses on understanding the problem and developing a general solution. The implementation phase translates the algorithm into a computer program. And the maintenance phase emphasizes the use and maintenance of a computer program

What happens when a program encounters a loop statement during execution?

The program repeat statements well a certain condition is met

What are subprograms used for?

They allow us to write parts of a program separately

How can you help to keep confidential data private?

Use passwords that are difficult to guess and change them periodically, encrypt store data, ensure the data storage media are kept in a secure area

A connecting link that translates between the computer's internal representation of data and representation that humans are able to work with

User / Computer interface

Malicious code that replicates and spreads to other computers through email message and file sharing without authorization and possibly with the intent of doing harm

Virus

What does it mean to use divide and conquer to solve a problem?

We can break up a large problem into smaller pieces that we can solve individually to make it easier to handle

When would you use the building-block approach to solve a problem?

When you see that a problem can be divided into pieces that may correspond to subprograms for which solutions are already known

Malicious code that replicates and spreads to other computers through security gaps in the computers operating system without authorization and possibly with the intent of doing harm

Worm

A computer that has been taken over for unauthorized use such as sending spam email

Zombie