Programming and Problem solving with C++ - Chapter 1 (Vocab and Questions)
What are the steps taken by the computers fetch-execute cycle?
(1) fetch an instruction (2) the instruction is translated into control signals (3) the control signals tell the computer how to execute the instructions and (4) repeat the sequence starting at (1)
What do we call a sequence of instructions that is executed by computer?
A computer program.
How does a program language differ from human language?
A program language has a very small vocabulary of words and symbols and a very precise set of rules that specify the form and meaning of valid language constructs
A step-by-step procedure for solving a problem and a finite amount of time
Algorithm
How does an algorithm differ from a computer program?
An algorithm can be written in any language to be carried out by a person or a processor of any kind. a program is written in a programming language, for execution by a computer
The component of the central processing unit that performs arithmetic and logical operations
Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
A program that translates and assembly language program into machine code.
Assembler
A low-level programming language in which a mnemonic is used to represent each of the machine language instructions for a particular computer
Assembly language
A device that stores data in encoded form outside the computers main memory
Auxiliary storage device
Who invented the C++ programming language?
Bjarne Stroustrup at Bell laboratories
The part of the computer that executes the instructions stored in memory made up of the arithmetic/logic unit and the control unit
Central processing unit (CPU)
An electrical circuit that sends out a train of pulses to coordinate the actions of the computer's hardware components the speed of the clock is measured in hertz (cycles per second)
Clock
A program that translates a high-level language into machine code.
Compiler
A programmable device that can store receive and process data
Computer
A sequence of instructions to be performed by computer
Computer program
The process of planning a sequence of steps for a computer to follow
Computer programming
The component of the central processing unit that controls the actions of other components so the instructions or executed in the correct sequence
Control unit
Which of the following tools translate a C++ program into machine language: A. editor B. operating C. system D. compiler E. assembler
D. compiler
Information in the form a computer can use
Data
The written text and comments that make a program easier for others to understand use and modify
Documentation
An interactive program used to create and modify source program or data
Editor
What is the overall strategy of means-ends Analysis?
For the overall strategy of means-ends analysis is to define the ends and then to analyze your means of getting between them
The physical components of a computer
Hardware
What is the general term that we used to refer to the physical components of the computer?
Hardware
Any knowledge that can be communicated
Information
The part of the computer that accepts data to be processed (input) and then present the results of the processing (output)
Input/output devices (I/O)
A system that allows direct communication between user and computer
Interactive system
What happens when I program encounters a selection statement during execution?
It will execute different statements depending on certain conditions
the language made up of binary coded instructions that is used directly by the computer
Machine language
Software written with malicious purpose in mind
Malware
Internal data storage in a computer
Memory unit
Which problem-solving technique should be used as an alternative to the building block approach when we want to save steps?
Merging solutions
Is a computer capable analyzing a problem to come up with a solution?
No a computer is not intelligent, a human must analyze the problem and create a sequence of instructions for solving the problem. A computer can repeat that sequence of instructions over and over again
The machine language version of a source program
Object program
A set of programs that manages all of the computers resources
Operating system
An input/output or auxiliary storage device attached to a computer
Perpetual device
Planning or scheduling the performance of a task or an event
Programming
A set of rules symbols and special words used to construct a computer
Programming language
What are the four basic ways of structuring statements in most programming languages?
Sequentially, conditionally, repetitively, and subprograms.
Computer programs; the set of all programs available on a computer
Software
The application of traditional engineering methodologies and techniques to the development of software
Software engineering
The unauthorized copying of software for either personal use or use by others.
Software piracy
A program written in a high-level programming language
Source program
What do we call the combination of the control unit and the arrhythmic/logic unit?
The central processing unit
What is the input and output of a compiler?
The compiler inputs a source program written in a high-level language and outputs and equivalent program in machine language. Some compilers also output a listing which is a copy of the source program with error messages inserted
What two important types of data are held by the memory unit?
The memory unit holds data that is input to the program or the result of computation and the program instructions
What are the six basic components most computers have?
The memory unit, the arrhythmic/logic unit, the control unit, input devices, output devices and auxiliary storage devices
Describe the three important phases of the waterfall model we must go through to write sequence instructions for computer.
The problem-solving phase focuses on understanding the problem and developing a general solution. The implementation phase translates the algorithm into a computer program. And the maintenance phase emphasizes the use and maintenance of a computer program
What happens when a program encounters a loop statement during execution?
The program repeat statements well a certain condition is met
What are subprograms used for?
They allow us to write parts of a program separately
How can you help to keep confidential data private?
Use passwords that are difficult to guess and change them periodically, encrypt store data, ensure the data storage media are kept in a secure area
A connecting link that translates between the computer's internal representation of data and representation that humans are able to work with
User / Computer interface
Malicious code that replicates and spreads to other computers through email message and file sharing without authorization and possibly with the intent of doing harm
Virus
What does it mean to use divide and conquer to solve a problem?
We can break up a large problem into smaller pieces that we can solve individually to make it easier to handle
When would you use the building-block approach to solve a problem?
When you see that a problem can be divided into pieces that may correspond to subprograms for which solutions are already known
Malicious code that replicates and spreads to other computers through security gaps in the computers operating system without authorization and possibly with the intent of doing harm
Worm
A computer that has been taken over for unauthorized use such as sending spam email
Zombie