Anatomy and Physciology Final
in the diagram of the foot where is the calcaneous
A
in the diagram of the pelvis where is the iliac crest
A
in the diagram where is the basal surface of the epithelial cell
A
in the diagram which cellular junction is a tight junction
A
where in the diagram is the proximal epiphysis
A
where is the apical surface of epithelial cell
A
where is the effort
A
where is the temporalis
A
which labeled bone in the diagram of the foot is the largest and strongest tarsal bone
A
which letter in the diagram indicates region of spongy bone
A
which letter indicates a free nerve ending
A
which light shows an areolar connective tissue
A
which of the following in the figure is a lucuna
A
which of the following labeled structures in the diagram is a site of red blood cell production in adult bones
A
which of the labeled structures in the diagram is the coracoid process
A
which pelvis is the female pelvis
A
where in the diagram can you find red bone marrow
A and B
Homeostasis
A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level
In the diagram, a tendon is formed by the merging of the following structures.
A,C and BB
in the diagram what is the basic functional unit of a myofibirl
AA
which letter indicates the biceps femoris
AA
in the diagram above what of the indicated structure is composed of basal lamina and reticular lamina
D
in the diagram of the femur where is the less trochanter
D
in the diagram of the humerus where is the trochlea
D
in the diagram of the pelvis which letter is the obturator foramen
D
where in the diagram is the distal epiphysis
D
where is the arrector pili
D
which labeled structure in the figure is an osteoclast
D
which of the labeled structures in the diagram is the infraspinous fossa
D
in the diagram above is needed for rapid communication between cells
E
in the diagram of the humerus where is the medial epicondyle
E
these are the structures you feel as "bumps" when you run your finger down the backbone
E
where in the diagram is the endosteum
E
where is the eccrine sweat gland
E
where is the external oblique
E
where is the haversian canal
E
where is the illium
E
where is the spinous process
E
where is the zygomatic minor
E
which crainel nerve in the diagram has a somatic motor function primarily involved in chewing
E
which letter indicates the area where cells are rapidly undergoing mitosis
E
which letter is the soleus
E
which light shows a stratified cuboidal epithelium
E
which of the following structures is an osteocyte
E
which of the labeled structures in the diagram is the spine of the scapula
E
in the diagram of the femur what letters indicate the lateral epicondyles
E and k
which letter refers to a fascicle
EE
Where is the subdural space?
F
Where is the supraspinous ligament?
F
Which cranial nerve in the diagram innervates the lateral rectus muscle?
F
Which of the labeled cells in the diagram is a neuroglial cell that produces and assists in the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid?
F
in the diagram where is the volkmanns canal
F
where is the deltoid
F
which letter indicates the stratum spinosum
F
which structure in the pelvis is the sciatic notch
F
in the diagram which layer is the stratum granulosum
G
where is the zygomaticus major
G
which light micrograph shows the type of cartilidge that is most abundent in the human body
G
which of the following labeled structures in the diagram stores fat in adult bones
G
In the diagram, where are axon terminals?
H
in the diagram of the femur where is the medial condyle
H
where is the teres minor
H
where is the vertebral body
H
which of the following is the reticular region of the dermis
H
A polarized cell
Has a charge imbalance across its membrane, includes most cells of the body, and exhibits a membrane potential.
Where is the anterior white column?
I
Which cranial nerve in the diagram has an autonomic motor function primarily involved in stimulating secretion of saliva?
I
Which layer is the dura mater?
I
in the diagram which layer is the stratum corneum
I
in the diagram which letter is the manubrium
I
where is the internal oblique
I
Which of the following cranial nerves control movements of the eyeball?
III, IV and VI
Which is NOT a purely motor nerve?
IX
Which cranial nerve in the diagram causes heart rate to decrease?
J
where is the mastoid process
J
which letter indicates a hair shaft
J
which light micrograph shows the type of connective tissue that contains the hardest matrix of all ct
J
in the diagram where is the styloid process
K
which light micrograph shows blood
K
which of the following is NOT one of the four basic types of tissues found in the human body
Necrotic
This region of the brain contains pneumotaxic and apneustic areas that help control respiration.
Pons
Which of the channels shown in the figure opens and closes randomly?
a
Which of these types of channels is involved in leaking sodium and potassium ions across the membrane in order to establish the resting potential of a cell?
a
which of the labeled structures of the femur is the greater trochanter
a
The cerebellar cortex consists of folia, which are
a parallel folds of gray matter
what do simple tubular exocrine glands have?
a straight tubular secretory portion attached to a single unbranched duct
which cavity is the stomache located in
abdominal cavity
name the joint labeled D in the diagram
acromioclavicular joint
The muscle that serves as the "prime mover" during a movement is called the
agonist
which of the following is classified as loose connective tissue
areolar connective tissue
this is a layer of hyaline cartilage that reduces friction between bones involved in a joint
articular cartilage
These white matter tracts of the spinal cord carry sensory information.
ascending tracts
Which of the following nerves is labeled B in the diagram?
axillary nerve
Which of the diagrams in the figure represents a ligand-gated channel?
b
Which of the labeled cells in the diagram is a neuroglial cell that removes debris and acts as a phagocyte?
b
Which of the labeled structures carries exclusively sensory information towards the spinal cord?
b
in the diagram where is the fulcrum
b
where in the diagram is articular cartilage located
b
which of the follow structures in the figure is calcified
b
the thin extracellular layer consisting of the basal and reticular lamina that anchors epithelial cells to underlying connective tissue is called the?
basement memebrane
This type of brain wave occurs at regular intervals when a person is awake but not when a person is sleeping.
beta
brain waves that generally appear during periods of sensory input and mental activity are called
beta waves
where is the ground substance found
between cells and fibers
this type of neuron has one dendrite and one axon emerging from the cell body
bipolar neuron
What is the structural classification of the neuron labeled B?
bipolar nueron
This protects the brain by preventing the movement of harmful substances and pathogens from the blood into the brain tissue.
blood brain barrier
which of the following organs contains the control center for the feedback center and regulates blood pressure
brain
Which of the following brain structures consists of the medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain?
brain stem
which of the following functional areas of the cerebrum is responsible
brocas area
Which of the labeled structures carries exclusively motor information away from the spinal cord?
c
which of the following two minerals are needed in large quantities when bones are growing
calcium and phospohorus
these are tiny extensions of the lacunae that allow for intercellular communication
canaliculi
which of the following is mature connective tissue
cartlidge, bone, dense ct, lose ct
Which of the following is NOT a major region of the brain?
cauda equina
The nerve labeled A in the diagram arises from which plexus?
cervical plexus
Which of the following regions of the spinal cord contains a conspicuous enlargement?
cervical region
A condition NOT regulated by negative feedback loop would be
childbirth
which of the following craniel nerves carries sensory info coming from the nasal cavity to the olfactory area of the cerebrum
cn 1
What is the most abudent protein in the human body
collagen
Which of the following nerves is labeled F in the diagram?
common fibular nerve
like other ______ bone tissue contains abundant extracellular matrix that surrounds widely separated cells
connective tissues
myofibrils contain what
contractile proteins regulatory proteins structural proteins
what is the layer of the epidermis when nail penetrates your skin
corneum, lucidum, spinosum, basale
this brain located in the what cavity
craniel
Which of the following meninges has two layers?
craniel dura mater
bones in the following area protect the brain
cranium
Where is the denticulate ligament?
d
Where is the lateral white column?
d
Which nerve labeled in the diagram does NOT arise from any plexus?
d
Which of the labeled structures in the diagram contains centers that control heart rate and blood pressure?
d
Brain waves that appear during deep sleep are called
delta
this is the shaft of a long bone
diaphysis
which of the following brain structures consists of the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus
diencephalon
what does an embryonic cell undergo to become a neuron
differentiation
after the fusion of myoblasts the muscle fiber loses its abiltiy to do what
divide
which of the 3 spinal meninges is the most superficial
dura mater
This part of a neuron contains the nucleus and cytoplasm of the Schwann's cell that has formed a myelin sheath around the axon.
e
Where is the pia mater?
e
Which of the following parts of a nervous reflex arc is usually a muscle or gland?
effector
this is the structure of feedback that recieves the output from control center
effector
Motion will occur in a muscle when the ______ supplied exceeds the _______.
effort and load
what is common types of fiber found in the extracellular mix of ct
elastic, reticular, collagen
Faster communication and synchronization are two advantages of
electrical synapses
this layer of the skin is composed of a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
epidermis
this is a layer of hyaline cartilage that allows the diaphysis to grow in length
epiphyseal plate
this is the region of a long bone that articulates with other bones
epiphysis
what cells are glands derived from
epithelial
Based on its name, which of the following best describes characteristics of the biceps femoris muscle?
has 2 origins and found in the upper leg
Patients with damage in the left hemisphere often exhibit aphasia (inability to use or comprehend words). This is an example of
hemispheric lateralization
this type of exocrine gland accumulates its secretory product inside the cell then the cell ruptures and becomes part of the secretory product
holocrine
which bone articulates with the scapula in the glenoid cavity
humerus
what is the largest of the bones compromising an os coxa
illium
Name the type of membrane channel that opens in response to touch, pressure, vibration, or tissue stretching and is found in the auditory receptors of the ear, and in touch and pressure receptors in the skin.
mechanically gated channels
mammography and bone densimetry are good examples of which of the following medical imaging
low dose radiography
one function of this long bone is the storage of energy in the form of trigylcerides
marrow
which of the following is a muscle that moves the mandible
masseter
this facial bone articlates with the teeth
maxillae
In what portion of the brain does the hypoglossal nucleus originate?
medulla oblongata
albinism is the inherited inability to produce what
melanin
this pigment secreted by specialized cells in the skin can absorb ultraviolet light protecting the underlying tissues
melanin
this is the region of long bone found between the diaphysis and epiphysis
metaphysis
what is the plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves
midsaggittal
which of the following is not a general characterisitic of aging in the skin
more subq adipose tissue
What is the structural classification of the neuron labeled A?
multipolar nueron
select the correct order of muscle component progressing from larger to smaller
muscle, fascicle, muscle fiber, myofibril, myofilament
the contractile protions of a skeletal muscle fiber that are threat like structures
myofibrils
An electroencephalogram (EEG) measures brain waves primarily generated by
neurons in tne cerebral cortex
Which of the labeled structures in the diagram regulates hunger, thirst and many autonomic activities providing homeostasis?
none of these choices
which of the following bones is NOT visible from the anterior view of the skull
occipital
Saltatory conduction
occurs only in myelinated axons
which of the following represents the largest and most complex level of structural organization in the human body
organismal level
The attachment of a muscle's tendon to the stationary bone is called the ______; the attachment of the muscle's other tendon to the movable bone is called the ______.
origin, insertion
the general process by which bones formed is called
ossification
what are considered bone "building" cells
osteoblasts
which of the following conditions is observed in adults when new bone formed during remodeling fails to calcify
osteomalacia
which is the basic structural unit of compact bone tissue
osteon
The postganglionic cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons are located in the:
otic ganglion
which of the following structures or regions could you clearly see while you are viewing the anterior side of an individual standing in the standard anatomical postion
palm of the hand
osteons in compact tissues are aligned
parallel to the length of the diaphysis
this cavity is located inferior to the abdominal cavity
pelvic cavity
which cavity contains the urinary bladder
pelvic cavity
which cavity contains the heart
pericardial cavity
this is the fibrous covering on the surface of bone that is involved thickening of the bone
periosteum
Which of the following nerves is labeled A in the diagram?
phrenic nerve
what is the study of the functions of the body structures
physiology
denticulate ligaments are thickenings of what
pia mater
the Z disc line is the
place where adjacent sarcomeres are joined together
The lungs are located in the
pleural cavity
which of the following nuclei are found in the pons
pontine nuclei, apneustic, pnumotaxic
Which of the following structures contains only sensory axons that conduct nerve impulses from sensory receptors in the skin, muscles and internal organs to the CNS?
posterior root of spinal nerves
Which of the following functional areas of the cerebrum is responsible for conscious movements of the body?
primary motor are
which of the following functional areas of the cerebrum is responsible for sensing body touch and temp
primary somatosensory area
Which of the following functional areas of the cerebrum is responsible for vision?
primary visual area
which is not a major function of muscle tissue
production of vitamins
when sara washed her hands she was participating in a form of
prophylaxis
what is the main ftn of dense regular ct
provides strong attachment between structures like muscles and bones
the humerus is what to the radius
proximal
this is the structure of a feedback system that provides input to the control center
receptor
which of the following is NOT a nucleaus found in the thalamus
red
Feeling the presence of a mosquito biting your arm is an example of
responsiveness
this is a netlike region of white and gray matter that extends throughout the brainstem and functions to help maintain consciouness
reticular formation
The nerve labeled F in the diagram arises from which plexus?
sacral plexus
which of the following parts of a reflex arc would have a cell body in the posterior root ganglion
sensory nueron
Which of the following parts of a reflex arc monitors body conditions?
sensory receptor
what type of membrane lines the body cavity and the organs contained in that cavity but DOES NOT open to the outside
serous
which of the following types of tissues contain multi nucleated cells whose movements are under voluntary control
skeletal
where is the stratum lucidum located
thick skin
This is a narrow fluid-filled cavity found along the midline superior to the hypothalamus and between the right and left halves of the thalamus.
third ventricle
Which of the following nerves is labeled G in the diagram?
tibial nerve
Which of the following statements best describes the structure of the blood-brain barrier that provides its functional characteristics?
tight junctions tightly seal endothelial cells of capillaries in the brain
this is a defined group of cells that work together to preform a particular function
tissue
simple squamous epithelium
tissue found in the air sacs of the lungs and lining of the blood vessels
A muscle that has three origins is called a
triceps
Cranial nerve V is also known as the _______________ nerve.
trigeminal
which of the products below covers the thin filament binding sites in a relaxed muscle
tropamyosin
t or f nearly all the organs in the human body contain all four tissues
true
ribs that have costal cartilage that attaches directly to the sternum is called
true ribs
Which of the following nerves is labeled C in the diagram?
ulnar
Which letter is pointing to the tibialis anterior?
B
Which of the labeled structures in the diagram is the thalamus?
B
Which of the labeled structures on the diagram holds muscles with similar functions together, allows free movement of muscles, and fills spaces between muscles?
B
in the diagram which letter is the xyphoid process
B
where in the diagram is the metaphysis
B
where is the dermal papillae
B
where is the temporal bone
B
where is the trabeculae
B
where is the tranverse process
B
which is the lateral epicondyle
B
Where is the posterior median sulcus?
A
which labeled bone in the diagram of the foot articulates with the fibula and tibia
B
which labeled structures in the figure are lamellae
B
which of the following is referencing the epidermis
B
which of the light micrographs in the figure above shows a simple cuboidal epithelium
B
Which of the following structures is the endomysium?
BB
In the diagram, where is the axon collateral?
C
In the diagram, which labeled structure contains motor proteins that convert the energy in ATP into mechanical movements. They make the filaments slide?
C
Where is the occipitofrontalis frontal belly?
C
Which cranial nerve in the diagram has a somatic motor function primarily involved in moving the upper eyelid and eyeball?
C
in the diagram of the foot where is the navicular
C
in the diagram which bone includes the foramen magnum
C
in the figure above what letter correctly identifies tropomyosin
C
in which region of the diagram would you find the medullary cavity
C
where is the osteon in the diagram
C
which cell junction is a desmosome
C
which is the sternoclavicular joint
C
which labeled structure in the figure are canaliculi
C
which light shows a reticular connective tissue
C
which of the following labeled structures in the diagram is the supraspinous fossa
C
which structure in the figure detects touch sensations
C
the pectoral girdle of 2 bones labeled ___ and _____
C and F
In the diagram, where is the zone of overlap?
CC
in the diagram which refers to a muscle fiber
CC
In the diagram, a bundle of muscle fibers form which structure?
D
Which of the labeled structures in the diagram is formed as the result of cartilage being replaced by bone after the bone stops growing?
D
Which of the labeled cells in the diagram is a neuroglial cell that forms and maintains the myelin sheath around CNS axons?
A
Which cranial nerve that serves the eyes has a purely sensory function?
B
What type of information is carried in the descending tracts of the spinal cord?1. Sensory2. Motor3. Integration
2
the adult brain represents a total what of the body weight
2
how many bones are found in the adult human skeleton
206
the motor axons of the accessory nerve orginate in
Anterior gray horn of first 5 segments of the cervical region of the spinal cord
lateral directional term
Away from the midline of the body
Which letter indicates the semitendonosis?
DD
in the diagram of the humerous where is the olecranon fossa
DD
parasagittal plane
Divides body into unequal right and left sides
This major portion of the brain is used to monitor movements initiated by the motor areas of the cerebrum.
E
Where is the subarachnoid space?
E
Blood flows to the brain through the ________ arteries and away from the brain through the _______ vein.
external carotid and verterbral, external jugular
Which nerves labeled in the diagram form the sciatic nerve?
f and g
Which of the following cranial nerves is primarily responsible for changing facial expressions?
facial
T or F the mediastrinum is located in the dorsal cavity
false
t or f bilateral symmetry refers to the physical differences between that sexes
false
This extension of the dura mater separates the two hemispheres of the cerebrum.
falx cerebri
Which of the following nerves is labeled E in the diagram?
femoral nerve
This portion of the cerebellum contributes to equilibrium and balance.
flocculondular lobe
an opening or hole in the bone through which blood vessels nervers and ligaments pass is called
foramen
this plane divides the body anterior and posterior portions
frontal
which is the frontal plane
frontal plane
Where is the posterior ramus?
g
in the diagram of the femur where is the patella
g
name the joint labeled at E
glenohumeral joint
a partial fracture only seen in children
greenstick
Where is the anterior gray horn?
h
Where is the arachnoid mater?
h
This lobe of the cerebrum is found deep to the other four lobes and thus cannot be observed from the surface.
insula
Which of the following parts of a reflex arc receives sensory information and decides how to respond to a change in the body's condition?
integration center
Which of the following nerves is labeled D in the diagram?
intercostal nerve
Which of the following is NOT a type of channel used in production of electrical signals in neurons?
ion gated channel
In an action potential, the current that flows down the axon of a neuron is generated by the movement of ______ across the membrane.
ions
what cells make up the bulk of the epidermis
keratinocytes
which of the following structures contain osteocytes
lacunae
what epidermal cells have a role in immunity and disease
langerhans cells
this directional term means farther from the midline
lateral
Which of the following is a fluid-filled cavity located in each hemisphere of the cerebrum?
lateral ventricle
is adipose a long or short term energy source
long
which of the following types of bone is the femur
long
a deep indentation found along the medial place that separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres is called
longitudinal fissure
name the joint labeled B in the diagram
sternoclavicular joint
this type of the epithelial tissue forms the most superficial layer of the skin
stratified squamous epithelium
what layer is composed of a single row of cell
stratum basale
this layer of the epidermis contains layers of flattened keratinocytes that are going through apoptosis
stratum corneum
which of the following structures listed below contains cerbrospinal fluid
subarachnoid space
where is a common location adipose tissue is found
subq layer deep to the skin
which of the following is a nucleus found in the midbrain that releases dopamine
substantia nigra
this directional term is the opposite of deep
superficial
the heart is what to the liver
superior
the stomache is blank to the bladder
superior
which of the following structures found in the skin plays an important role in thermoregulation
sweat glands
To stimulate skeletal muscle contraction, acetylcholine must cross the __________ of the neuromuscular junction and bind to receptors on the motor endplate.
synaptic cleft
which of the following is not one of the functions preformed by the skin
synthesis of hormones
which structures meet at the neuromuscular junction
the synaptic end bulb of a nerve and the sarcolemma
during a visit to your doctor you complain about a headache and nasuea
these are considered to be symptoms
Brain waves that appear in adults and children during periods of emotional stress are called
theta
Which of the following cranial nerves is responsible for regulating visceral activity?
vagus
When a depolarizing graded potential makes the axon membrane depolarize to threshold,
voltage-gated Na+ channels open rapidly.
Pyramids are
white matter extensions on the medulla
does muscle contraction require ATP
yes
