Anatomy and Physciology Final

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in the diagram of the foot where is the calcaneous

A

in the diagram of the pelvis where is the iliac crest

A

in the diagram where is the basal surface of the epithelial cell

A

in the diagram which cellular junction is a tight junction

A

where in the diagram is the proximal epiphysis

A

where is the apical surface of epithelial cell

A

where is the effort

A

where is the temporalis

A

which labeled bone in the diagram of the foot is the largest and strongest tarsal bone

A

which letter in the diagram indicates region of spongy bone

A

which letter indicates a free nerve ending

A

which light shows an areolar connective tissue

A

which of the following in the figure is a lucuna

A

which of the following labeled structures in the diagram is a site of red blood cell production in adult bones

A

which of the labeled structures in the diagram is the coracoid process

A

which pelvis is the female pelvis

A

where in the diagram can you find red bone marrow

A and B

Homeostasis

A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level

In the diagram, a tendon is formed by the merging of the following structures.

A,C and BB

in the diagram what is the basic functional unit of a myofibirl

AA

which letter indicates the biceps femoris

AA

in the diagram above what of the indicated structure is composed of basal lamina and reticular lamina

D

in the diagram of the femur where is the less trochanter

D

in the diagram of the humerus where is the trochlea

D

in the diagram of the pelvis which letter is the obturator foramen

D

where in the diagram is the distal epiphysis

D

where is the arrector pili

D

which labeled structure in the figure is an osteoclast

D

which of the labeled structures in the diagram is the infraspinous fossa

D

in the diagram above is needed for rapid communication between cells

E

in the diagram of the humerus where is the medial epicondyle

E

these are the structures you feel as "bumps" when you run your finger down the backbone

E

where in the diagram is the endosteum

E

where is the eccrine sweat gland

E

where is the external oblique

E

where is the haversian canal

E

where is the illium

E

where is the spinous process

E

where is the zygomatic minor

E

which crainel nerve in the diagram has a somatic motor function primarily involved in chewing

E

which letter indicates the area where cells are rapidly undergoing mitosis

E

which letter is the soleus

E

which light shows a stratified cuboidal epithelium

E

which of the following structures is an osteocyte

E

which of the labeled structures in the diagram is the spine of the scapula

E

in the diagram of the femur what letters indicate the lateral epicondyles

E and k

which letter refers to a fascicle

EE

Where is the subdural space?

F

Where is the supraspinous ligament?

F

Which cranial nerve in the diagram innervates the lateral rectus muscle?

F

Which of the labeled cells in the diagram is a neuroglial cell that produces and assists in the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid?

F

in the diagram where is the volkmanns canal

F

where is the deltoid

F

which letter indicates the stratum spinosum

F

which structure in the pelvis is the sciatic notch

F

in the diagram which layer is the stratum granulosum

G

where is the zygomaticus major

G

which light micrograph shows the type of cartilidge that is most abundent in the human body

G

which of the following labeled structures in the diagram stores fat in adult bones

G

In the diagram, where are axon terminals?

H

in the diagram of the femur where is the medial condyle

H

where is the teres minor

H

where is the vertebral body

H

which of the following is the reticular region of the dermis

H

A polarized cell

Has a charge imbalance across its membrane, includes most cells of the body, and exhibits a membrane potential.

Where is the anterior white column?

I

Which cranial nerve in the diagram has an autonomic motor function primarily involved in stimulating secretion of saliva?

I

Which layer is the dura mater?

I

in the diagram which layer is the stratum corneum

I

in the diagram which letter is the manubrium

I

where is the internal oblique

I

Which of the following cranial nerves control movements of the eyeball?

III, IV and VI

Which is NOT a purely motor nerve?

IX

Which cranial nerve in the diagram causes heart rate to decrease?

J

where is the mastoid process

J

which letter indicates a hair shaft

J

which light micrograph shows the type of connective tissue that contains the hardest matrix of all ct

J

in the diagram where is the styloid process

K

which light micrograph shows blood

K

which of the following is NOT one of the four basic types of tissues found in the human body

Necrotic

This region of the brain contains pneumotaxic and apneustic areas that help control respiration.

Pons

Which of the channels shown in the figure opens and closes randomly?

a

Which of these types of channels is involved in leaking sodium and potassium ions across the membrane in order to establish the resting potential of a cell?

a

which of the labeled structures of the femur is the greater trochanter

a

The cerebellar cortex consists of folia, which are

a parallel folds of gray matter

what do simple tubular exocrine glands have?

a straight tubular secretory portion attached to a single unbranched duct

which cavity is the stomache located in

abdominal cavity

name the joint labeled D in the diagram

acromioclavicular joint

The muscle that serves as the "prime mover" during a movement is called the

agonist

which of the following is classified as loose connective tissue

areolar connective tissue

this is a layer of hyaline cartilage that reduces friction between bones involved in a joint

articular cartilage

These white matter tracts of the spinal cord carry sensory information.

ascending tracts

Which of the following nerves is labeled B in the diagram?

axillary nerve

Which of the diagrams in the figure represents a ligand-gated channel?

b

Which of the labeled cells in the diagram is a neuroglial cell that removes debris and acts as a phagocyte?

b

Which of the labeled structures carries exclusively sensory information towards the spinal cord?

b

in the diagram where is the fulcrum

b

where in the diagram is articular cartilage located

b

which of the follow structures in the figure is calcified

b

the thin extracellular layer consisting of the basal and reticular lamina that anchors epithelial cells to underlying connective tissue is called the?

basement memebrane

This type of brain wave occurs at regular intervals when a person is awake but not when a person is sleeping.

beta

brain waves that generally appear during periods of sensory input and mental activity are called

beta waves

where is the ground substance found

between cells and fibers

this type of neuron has one dendrite and one axon emerging from the cell body

bipolar neuron

What is the structural classification of the neuron labeled B?

bipolar nueron

This protects the brain by preventing the movement of harmful substances and pathogens from the blood into the brain tissue.

blood brain barrier

which of the following organs contains the control center for the feedback center and regulates blood pressure

brain

Which of the following brain structures consists of the medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain?

brain stem

which of the following functional areas of the cerebrum is responsible

brocas area

Which of the labeled structures carries exclusively motor information away from the spinal cord?

c

which of the following two minerals are needed in large quantities when bones are growing

calcium and phospohorus

these are tiny extensions of the lacunae that allow for intercellular communication

canaliculi

which of the following is mature connective tissue

cartlidge, bone, dense ct, lose ct

Which of the following is NOT a major region of the brain?

cauda equina

The nerve labeled A in the diagram arises from which plexus?

cervical plexus

Which of the following regions of the spinal cord contains a conspicuous enlargement?

cervical region

A condition NOT regulated by negative feedback loop would be

childbirth

which of the following craniel nerves carries sensory info coming from the nasal cavity to the olfactory area of the cerebrum

cn 1

What is the most abudent protein in the human body

collagen

Which of the following nerves is labeled F in the diagram?

common fibular nerve

like other ______ bone tissue contains abundant extracellular matrix that surrounds widely separated cells

connective tissues

myofibrils contain what

contractile proteins regulatory proteins structural proteins

what is the layer of the epidermis when nail penetrates your skin

corneum, lucidum, spinosum, basale

this brain located in the what cavity

craniel

Which of the following meninges has two layers?

craniel dura mater

bones in the following area protect the brain

cranium

Where is the denticulate ligament?

d

Where is the lateral white column?

d

Which nerve labeled in the diagram does NOT arise from any plexus?

d

Which of the labeled structures in the diagram contains centers that control heart rate and blood pressure?

d

Brain waves that appear during deep sleep are called

delta

this is the shaft of a long bone

diaphysis

which of the following brain structures consists of the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus

diencephalon

what does an embryonic cell undergo to become a neuron

differentiation

after the fusion of myoblasts the muscle fiber loses its abiltiy to do what

divide

which of the 3 spinal meninges is the most superficial

dura mater

This part of a neuron contains the nucleus and cytoplasm of the Schwann's cell that has formed a myelin sheath around the axon.

e

Where is the pia mater?

e

Which of the following parts of a nervous reflex arc is usually a muscle or gland?

effector

this is the structure of feedback that recieves the output from control center

effector

Motion will occur in a muscle when the ______ supplied exceeds the _______.

effort and load

what is common types of fiber found in the extracellular mix of ct

elastic, reticular, collagen

Faster communication and synchronization are two advantages of

electrical synapses

this layer of the skin is composed of a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

epidermis

this is a layer of hyaline cartilage that allows the diaphysis to grow in length

epiphyseal plate

this is the region of a long bone that articulates with other bones

epiphysis

what cells are glands derived from

epithelial

Based on its name, which of the following best describes characteristics of the biceps femoris muscle?

has 2 origins and found in the upper leg

Patients with damage in the left hemisphere often exhibit aphasia (inability to use or comprehend words). This is an example of

hemispheric lateralization

this type of exocrine gland accumulates its secretory product inside the cell then the cell ruptures and becomes part of the secretory product

holocrine

which bone articulates with the scapula in the glenoid cavity

humerus

what is the largest of the bones compromising an os coxa

illium

Name the type of membrane channel that opens in response to touch, pressure, vibration, or tissue stretching and is found in the auditory receptors of the ear, and in touch and pressure receptors in the skin.

mechanically gated channels

mammography and bone densimetry are good examples of which of the following medical imaging

low dose radiography

one function of this long bone is the storage of energy in the form of trigylcerides

marrow

which of the following is a muscle that moves the mandible

masseter

this facial bone articlates with the teeth

maxillae

In what portion of the brain does the hypoglossal nucleus originate?

medulla oblongata

albinism is the inherited inability to produce what

melanin

this pigment secreted by specialized cells in the skin can absorb ultraviolet light protecting the underlying tissues

melanin

this is the region of long bone found between the diaphysis and epiphysis

metaphysis

what is the plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves

midsaggittal

which of the following is not a general characterisitic of aging in the skin

more subq adipose tissue

What is the structural classification of the neuron labeled A?

multipolar nueron

select the correct order of muscle component progressing from larger to smaller

muscle, fascicle, muscle fiber, myofibril, myofilament

the contractile protions of a skeletal muscle fiber that are threat like structures

myofibrils

An electroencephalogram (EEG) measures brain waves primarily generated by

neurons in tne cerebral cortex

Which of the labeled structures in the diagram regulates hunger, thirst and many autonomic activities providing homeostasis?

none of these choices

which of the following bones is NOT visible from the anterior view of the skull

occipital

Saltatory conduction

occurs only in myelinated axons

which of the following represents the largest and most complex level of structural organization in the human body

organismal level

The attachment of a muscle's tendon to the stationary bone is called the ______; the attachment of the muscle's other tendon to the movable bone is called the ______.

origin, insertion

the general process by which bones formed is called

ossification

what are considered bone "building" cells

osteoblasts

which of the following conditions is observed in adults when new bone formed during remodeling fails to calcify

osteomalacia

which is the basic structural unit of compact bone tissue

osteon

The postganglionic cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons are located in the:

otic ganglion

which of the following structures or regions could you clearly see while you are viewing the anterior side of an individual standing in the standard anatomical postion

palm of the hand

osteons in compact tissues are aligned

parallel to the length of the diaphysis

this cavity is located inferior to the abdominal cavity

pelvic cavity

which cavity contains the urinary bladder

pelvic cavity

which cavity contains the heart

pericardial cavity

this is the fibrous covering on the surface of bone that is involved thickening of the bone

periosteum

Which of the following nerves is labeled A in the diagram?

phrenic nerve

what is the study of the functions of the body structures

physiology

denticulate ligaments are thickenings of what

pia mater

the Z disc line is the

place where adjacent sarcomeres are joined together

The lungs are located in the

pleural cavity

which of the following nuclei are found in the pons

pontine nuclei, apneustic, pnumotaxic

Which of the following structures contains only sensory axons that conduct nerve impulses from sensory receptors in the skin, muscles and internal organs to the CNS?

posterior root of spinal nerves

Which of the following functional areas of the cerebrum is responsible for conscious movements of the body?

primary motor are

which of the following functional areas of the cerebrum is responsible for sensing body touch and temp

primary somatosensory area

Which of the following functional areas of the cerebrum is responsible for vision?

primary visual area

which is not a major function of muscle tissue

production of vitamins

when sara washed her hands she was participating in a form of

prophylaxis

what is the main ftn of dense regular ct

provides strong attachment between structures like muscles and bones

the humerus is what to the radius

proximal

this is the structure of a feedback system that provides input to the control center

receptor

which of the following is NOT a nucleaus found in the thalamus

red

Feeling the presence of a mosquito biting your arm is an example of

responsiveness

this is a netlike region of white and gray matter that extends throughout the brainstem and functions to help maintain consciouness

reticular formation

The nerve labeled F in the diagram arises from which plexus?

sacral plexus

which of the following parts of a reflex arc would have a cell body in the posterior root ganglion

sensory nueron

Which of the following parts of a reflex arc monitors body conditions?

sensory receptor

what type of membrane lines the body cavity and the organs contained in that cavity but DOES NOT open to the outside

serous

which of the following types of tissues contain multi nucleated cells whose movements are under voluntary control

skeletal

where is the stratum lucidum located

thick skin

This is a narrow fluid-filled cavity found along the midline superior to the hypothalamus and between the right and left halves of the thalamus.

third ventricle

Which of the following nerves is labeled G in the diagram?

tibial nerve

Which of the following statements best describes the structure of the blood-brain barrier that provides its functional characteristics?

tight junctions tightly seal endothelial cells of capillaries in the brain

this is a defined group of cells that work together to preform a particular function

tissue

simple squamous epithelium

tissue found in the air sacs of the lungs and lining of the blood vessels

A muscle that has three origins is called a

triceps

Cranial nerve V is also known as the _______________ nerve.

trigeminal

which of the products below covers the thin filament binding sites in a relaxed muscle

tropamyosin

t or f nearly all the organs in the human body contain all four tissues

true

ribs that have costal cartilage that attaches directly to the sternum is called

true ribs

Which of the following nerves is labeled C in the diagram?

ulnar

Which letter is pointing to the tibialis anterior?

B

Which of the labeled structures in the diagram is the thalamus?

B

Which of the labeled structures on the diagram holds muscles with similar functions together, allows free movement of muscles, and fills spaces between muscles?

B

in the diagram which letter is the xyphoid process

B

where in the diagram is the metaphysis

B

where is the dermal papillae

B

where is the temporal bone

B

where is the trabeculae

B

where is the tranverse process

B

which is the lateral epicondyle

B

Where is the posterior median sulcus?

A

which labeled bone in the diagram of the foot articulates with the fibula and tibia

B

which labeled structures in the figure are lamellae

B

which of the following is referencing the epidermis

B

which of the light micrographs in the figure above shows a simple cuboidal epithelium

B

Which of the following structures is the endomysium?

BB

In the diagram, where is the axon collateral?

C

In the diagram, which labeled structure contains motor proteins that convert the energy in ATP into mechanical movements. They make the filaments slide?

C

Where is the occipitofrontalis frontal belly?

C

Which cranial nerve in the diagram has a somatic motor function primarily involved in moving the upper eyelid and eyeball?

C

in the diagram of the foot where is the navicular

C

in the diagram which bone includes the foramen magnum

C

in the figure above what letter correctly identifies tropomyosin

C

in which region of the diagram would you find the medullary cavity

C

where is the osteon in the diagram

C

which cell junction is a desmosome

C

which is the sternoclavicular joint

C

which labeled structure in the figure are canaliculi

C

which light shows a reticular connective tissue

C

which of the following labeled structures in the diagram is the supraspinous fossa

C

which structure in the figure detects touch sensations

C

the pectoral girdle of 2 bones labeled ___ and _____

C and F

In the diagram, where is the zone of overlap?

CC

in the diagram which refers to a muscle fiber

CC

In the diagram, a bundle of muscle fibers form which structure?

D

Which of the labeled structures in the diagram is formed as the result of cartilage being replaced by bone after the bone stops growing?

D

Which of the labeled cells in the diagram is a neuroglial cell that forms and maintains the myelin sheath around CNS axons?

A

Which cranial nerve that serves the eyes has a purely sensory function?

B

What type of information is carried in the descending tracts of the spinal cord?1. Sensory2. Motor3. Integration

2

the adult brain represents a total what of the body weight

2

how many bones are found in the adult human skeleton

206

the motor axons of the accessory nerve orginate in

Anterior gray horn of first 5 segments of the cervical region of the spinal cord

lateral directional term

Away from the midline of the body

Which letter indicates the semitendonosis?

DD

in the diagram of the humerous where is the olecranon fossa

DD

parasagittal plane

Divides body into unequal right and left sides

This major portion of the brain is used to monitor movements initiated by the motor areas of the cerebrum.

E

Where is the subarachnoid space?

E

Blood flows to the brain through the ________ arteries and away from the brain through the _______ vein.

external carotid and verterbral, external jugular

Which nerves labeled in the diagram form the sciatic nerve?

f and g

Which of the following cranial nerves is primarily responsible for changing facial expressions?

facial

T or F the mediastrinum is located in the dorsal cavity

false

t or f bilateral symmetry refers to the physical differences between that sexes

false

This extension of the dura mater separates the two hemispheres of the cerebrum.

falx cerebri

Which of the following nerves is labeled E in the diagram?

femoral nerve

This portion of the cerebellum contributes to equilibrium and balance.

flocculondular lobe

an opening or hole in the bone through which blood vessels nervers and ligaments pass is called

foramen

this plane divides the body anterior and posterior portions

frontal

which is the frontal plane

frontal plane

Where is the posterior ramus?

g

in the diagram of the femur where is the patella

g

name the joint labeled at E

glenohumeral joint

a partial fracture only seen in children

greenstick

Where is the anterior gray horn?

h

Where is the arachnoid mater?

h

This lobe of the cerebrum is found deep to the other four lobes and thus cannot be observed from the surface.

insula

Which of the following parts of a reflex arc receives sensory information and decides how to respond to a change in the body's condition?

integration center

Which of the following nerves is labeled D in the diagram?

intercostal nerve

Which of the following is NOT a type of channel used in production of electrical signals in neurons?

ion gated channel

In an action potential, the current that flows down the axon of a neuron is generated by the movement of ______ across the membrane.

ions

what cells make up the bulk of the epidermis

keratinocytes

which of the following structures contain osteocytes

lacunae

what epidermal cells have a role in immunity and disease

langerhans cells

this directional term means farther from the midline

lateral

Which of the following is a fluid-filled cavity located in each hemisphere of the cerebrum?

lateral ventricle

is adipose a long or short term energy source

long

which of the following types of bone is the femur

long

a deep indentation found along the medial place that separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres is called

longitudinal fissure

name the joint labeled B in the diagram

sternoclavicular joint

this type of the epithelial tissue forms the most superficial layer of the skin

stratified squamous epithelium

what layer is composed of a single row of cell

stratum basale

this layer of the epidermis contains layers of flattened keratinocytes that are going through apoptosis

stratum corneum

which of the following structures listed below contains cerbrospinal fluid

subarachnoid space

where is a common location adipose tissue is found

subq layer deep to the skin

which of the following is a nucleus found in the midbrain that releases dopamine

substantia nigra

this directional term is the opposite of deep

superficial

the heart is what to the liver

superior

the stomache is blank to the bladder

superior

which of the following structures found in the skin plays an important role in thermoregulation

sweat glands

To stimulate skeletal muscle contraction, acetylcholine must cross the __________ of the neuromuscular junction and bind to receptors on the motor endplate.

synaptic cleft

which of the following is not one of the functions preformed by the skin

synthesis of hormones

which structures meet at the neuromuscular junction

the synaptic end bulb of a nerve and the sarcolemma

during a visit to your doctor you complain about a headache and nasuea

these are considered to be symptoms

Brain waves that appear in adults and children during periods of emotional stress are called

theta

Which of the following cranial nerves is responsible for regulating visceral activity?

vagus

When a depolarizing graded potential makes the axon membrane depolarize to threshold,

voltage-gated Na+ channels open rapidly.

Pyramids are

white matter extensions on the medulla

does muscle contraction require ATP

yes


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