birth rate, death rate etc,
quality of life
the degree of overall satisfaction that a person gets from life
standard of living
the degree of wealth and material comfort available to a person or community.
model
A simplification of a real world situation which makes the issue easier to understand or explain. Examples include the water cycle model and the demographic transition model
economically active
People between the ages of 16 and 65. These people are normally working and pay taxes.
Demographic Transition Model
A model that tries to show how changes in birth and death rates over a period of time may be related to different stages of economic development.
population pyramid
A diagram which shows the proportion of males and females within selected age groups, usually shown as a pyramid.
old dependents
Anyone over the age of 65. These people are normally retired.
Young dependents
Anyone under the age of 16. These people are normally being cared for at home or are at school.
infant mortality rate
The average number of deaths of children under 1 year old per 1000 live births per year.
child mortality rate
The average number of deaths of children under 5 years old per 1000 live births per year.
life expectancy
The average number of years an individual can be expected to live.
migration balance
The difference between number of people moving into a country (immigration) and moving out of a country (emigration) (in a year)
natural increase
The growth in population (in a year) resulting from an excess of births over deaths. It is calculated by subtracting death rate from birth rate i.e. birth rate minus death rate. If birth rate is higher than death rate, then this is referred to as natural decrease or negative natural increase.
population growth rate
The growth in population (in a year) taking account of birth rates, death rates and migration balance. It is calculated using birth rate - death rate +/- migration
death rate
The number of deaths per thousand of the population per year.
birth rate
The number of live births per thousand of the population per year.
dependecy ratio
The relationship between those in the non-economically active age group (young + old dependents) and those in the economically active age group (adults of working age).
fertility rate
The total number of children born or likely to be born to a woman in her life time
Replacement level fertility
the total fertility rate required to offset the average number of deaths in a population in order to maintain the current population size