Anatomy and Physiology 1

surface anatomy

A focus on the internal body structures that relate to the skin covering them.

systemic anatomy

A study of each body system.

embryology

A study of the developmental changes occurring from conception to birth.

neurophysiology

An examination of nerve impulses that travel throughout the body

comparative anatomy

An examination of the differences in the anatomy of different species.

regional anatomy

An examination of the structures in a particular region.

examine the relationships among parts of the body as well as the structure of individual organs.

Anatomists

Control centers are generally portions of the

Brain, spinal cord, thyroid gland

examines anatomic changes resulting from disease.

Pathologic anatomy

is best described as investigating the relationship between the functioning of an organ system and disease or injury of that organ system.

Pathophysiology

study the function of body parts.

Physiologists

How would an anatomist describe the bladder?

The bladder wall contains a transitional epithelium and several layers of smooth muscle.

Which of the following statements correctly apply to homeostasis as a physiologic process?

These processes are dynamic. When homeostasis fails disease or even death occurs. The control center is generally the nervous system or endocrine system. Negative feedback typically keeps these processes in check.

respiratory physiology

a study of how gas exchange occurs

Scientists who study the structure and form of organisms are

anatomists

The study of structure and form is called

anatomy

tends to focus on the form and structure

anatomy

effectors

blood vessels in the skin constrict, muscles shiver

Homeostasis

body temperature returns to normal

effector

brings about change in response to a stimulus

stimulus

cold temperature lowers body temperature below normal

In a homeostatic control mechanism, the ---- is the structure that interprets input from the receptor and initiates changes through the effector.

control center

The components associated with the homeostatic system are which choices?

control center, receptor, effector

The structure that brings about the change to alter the stimulus is called a(n)

effector

physiology

examines the function of various organ systems.

Anatomists study the ______ of organisms.

form

receptors

free nerve endings in the skin detect cold

reproductive physiology

gamete production and related hormones and physiological cycles

The anatomy that is also called macroscopic anatomy is

gross

describes an investigation of the structure and relationships of body parts that are visible to the unaided eye?

gross anatomy

Negative feedback mechanisms work by maintaining the variable within a normal level or what is called a

homeostasis

The body's ability to maintain an average temperature of about 37°C regardless of the outside temperature

homeostasis

control center

hypothalamus of the brain sets body temperature

In the scientific method, a possible explanation for explaining phenomena is developed. This possible explanation is called a(n)

hypothesis

Which of the following body structures can serve as effectors?

insulin secreting cells of pancreas smooth muscles of bronchioles

control center

integrates input and initiates change

Physiology

is the discipline in which the function of body structures is the focus.

Anatomy

is the scientific discipline that studies the relationships among parts of the body as well as the structure of individual organs

Pathophysiology

is the study of how diseases affect the functions of organs.

receptor

perceives a stimulus

Scientists who examine how organs and body systems function under normal circumstances, as well as how their functions may change with disease, are called

physiologists

focuses on the mechanisms and functions of these structures.

physiology

When a stimulus is reinforced to continue in the same direction until a climactic event occurs, it is best as described as ______.

postive feedback

The component of homeostasis, called the -------, is the sensory nerve body structure that detects changes in a variable, which is either the substance or process that is regulated.

receptor

If one is studying the axillary (armpit) area of the body and its nerves, blood vessels, lymph nodes, musculature, connective tissue, and skin, ______ is the type of anatomy that is being studied.

regional anatomy

may explore all of the body structures in the anterior neck.

regional anatomy

The method that refers to a systematic and rigorous process by which scientists develop and test a hypothesis is called the

scientific method

A receptor typically consists of

sensory neurons

Anatomy is the study of what?

structure and form

Histology refers to

study of tissues

Cytology refers to

the study of cells and their internal structures

Most homeostatic variables aren't constant over time but fluctuate around a set point. True/ false

true