Anatomy and Physiology 1
surface anatomy
A focus on the internal body structures that relate to the skin covering them.
systemic anatomy
A study of each body system.
embryology
A study of the developmental changes occurring from conception to birth.
neurophysiology
An examination of nerve impulses that travel throughout the body
comparative anatomy
An examination of the differences in the anatomy of different species.
regional anatomy
An examination of the structures in a particular region.
examine the relationships among parts of the body as well as the structure of individual organs.
Anatomists
Control centers are generally portions of the
Brain, spinal cord, thyroid gland
examines anatomic changes resulting from disease.
Pathologic anatomy
is best described as investigating the relationship between the functioning of an organ system and disease or injury of that organ system.
Pathophysiology
study the function of body parts.
Physiologists
How would an anatomist describe the bladder?
The bladder wall contains a transitional epithelium and several layers of smooth muscle.
Which of the following statements correctly apply to homeostasis as a physiologic process?
These processes are dynamic. When homeostasis fails disease or even death occurs. The control center is generally the nervous system or endocrine system. Negative feedback typically keeps these processes in check.
respiratory physiology
a study of how gas exchange occurs
Scientists who study the structure and form of organisms are
anatomists
The study of structure and form is called
anatomy
tends to focus on the form and structure
anatomy
effectors
blood vessels in the skin constrict, muscles shiver
Homeostasis
body temperature returns to normal
effector
brings about change in response to a stimulus
stimulus
cold temperature lowers body temperature below normal
In a homeostatic control mechanism, the ---- is the structure that interprets input from the receptor and initiates changes through the effector.
control center
The components associated with the homeostatic system are which choices?
control center, receptor, effector
The structure that brings about the change to alter the stimulus is called a(n)
effector
physiology
examines the function of various organ systems.
Anatomists study the ______ of organisms.
form
receptors
free nerve endings in the skin detect cold
reproductive physiology
gamete production and related hormones and physiological cycles
The anatomy that is also called macroscopic anatomy is
gross
describes an investigation of the structure and relationships of body parts that are visible to the unaided eye?
gross anatomy
Negative feedback mechanisms work by maintaining the variable within a normal level or what is called a
homeostasis
The body's ability to maintain an average temperature of about 37°C regardless of the outside temperature
homeostasis
control center
hypothalamus of the brain sets body temperature
In the scientific method, a possible explanation for explaining phenomena is developed. This possible explanation is called a(n)
hypothesis
Which of the following body structures can serve as effectors?
insulin secreting cells of pancreas smooth muscles of bronchioles
control center
integrates input and initiates change
Physiology
is the discipline in which the function of body structures is the focus.
Anatomy
is the scientific discipline that studies the relationships among parts of the body as well as the structure of individual organs
Pathophysiology
is the study of how diseases affect the functions of organs.
receptor
perceives a stimulus
Scientists who examine how organs and body systems function under normal circumstances, as well as how their functions may change with disease, are called
physiologists
focuses on the mechanisms and functions of these structures.
physiology
When a stimulus is reinforced to continue in the same direction until a climactic event occurs, it is best as described as ______.
postive feedback
The component of homeostasis, called the -------, is the sensory nerve body structure that detects changes in a variable, which is either the substance or process that is regulated.
receptor
If one is studying the axillary (armpit) area of the body and its nerves, blood vessels, lymph nodes, musculature, connective tissue, and skin, ______ is the type of anatomy that is being studied.
regional anatomy
may explore all of the body structures in the anterior neck.
regional anatomy
The method that refers to a systematic and rigorous process by which scientists develop and test a hypothesis is called the
scientific method
A receptor typically consists of
sensory neurons
Anatomy is the study of what?
structure and form
Histology refers to
study of tissues
Cytology refers to
the study of cells and their internal structures
Most homeostatic variables aren't constant over time but fluctuate around a set point. True/ false
true
