Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 1 Study Guide
o Integumentary System -Protection -Vitamin ________ Synthesis -Body temperature ___________________ -Sensory receptors
D, regulation
__________: small molecules to large molecules - Build up
anabolism
histology
body tissues
Catabolism: large molecules to small molecules _____________ down
breaking
heart, blood vessels, blood
cardiovascular
cytology
cells
Metabolism: Sum of all ____________________ reactions in the body
chemical
o Digestive System -Mechanically and _____________ digests food -Absorb nutrients -Expel _____________ products
chemically, waste
Principle of ____________________________ of structure and function
complementarity
Stimulus - Receptor - ____________ ___________ - Effector -Homeostasis restoration
control center
____________: Closer to inside or internal structures
deep
Responsiveness: Ability to ________________ and react to stimuli
detect
embryology: _____ changes from conception to birth
developmental
Pathophysiology: Relationship between the functioning of an organ system and ______ or _____ to the organ system
disease or injury
Coronal (______________) plane: Divides the body intoanterior and posterior sections
frontal
Physiology is the study of ______ of the body parts and how they work to carry out life-sustaining activities
function
Distal: ________________ from the trunk
further
o Respiratory System -_______ exchange
gas
Respiratory: How respiratory ____________ are transferred and exchanged between lung and blood vessels
gases
Cranial: Toward the _______________ end
head
___________________: Closer to feet
inferior
Regulation: Adjust __________________ bodily function in response to environmental changes
internal
Section: Actual cut or slice to expose ______________ organs
internal
_____________________: Away from the midline of the body
lateral
Midsagittal (median) plane: Divides the body into equal _________ and ___________ halves
left and right
Anatomical position: head _______
level
surface anatomy: superficial anatomical ______ and internal structure
markings
____________________: Toward the midline of the body
medial
Organelles: _________________ subunits
microscopic
o Muscular System - ______________ production -__________ generation
movement, heat
Organ system: Contains ______________ related organs that work together to complete a complex task
multiple
Proximal: _______________ to trunk
nearer
_____________________ feedback loop Response is opposite of the stimuli Process ________ _______ when set point or desired state is reached
negative, shuts off
______ impulses propagating through the nervous system
neuro
o Cardiovascular System -Moves blood to distribute hormones, _______________, gases -Pick up waste products
nutrients
Contralateral: On the _______________ side
opposite
Anatomical position: feet ________ and on the floor
parallel
_____________________ feedback loop Stimulus is reinforced to continue in the same direction Process shuts off when a climactic event occurs
positive
___________________: In back of (dorsal)
posterior
o Skeletal System -Support -__________________ -Hematopoiesis -Calcium and ________________ storage -Provides sites for ligament and muscle attachments
protection, phosphorus
_________________: Detect stimuli
receptors
particular region
regional anatomy
Reproductive: How the _____ of reproductive hormones drive the reproductive cycle
regulation
Anatomy studies ______ among parts of the body as well as the _____ of individual organs
relationships structure
Ipsilateral: On the ________________ side
same
comparative anatomy: interspecies ________ and _______
similarities and differences
Homeostasis: Ability of an organism to maintain a consistent internal environment, or "______________ state"
steady
o Nervous System -Regulatory system responding to sensory ___________ -Controls muscles and glands -Responsible for consciousness, __________________, and memory
stimuli, intelligence
Anatomy is the study of _____ and _____
structure and form
__________________: Closer to the outside
superficial
___________________: Closer to head
superior
Transverse (horizontal) plane: Divides the body into_______________ and _________________ sections
superior and inferior
each body system
systemic anatomy
Caudal: Toward the _______________ end
tail
Organs: Consists of ______ or more tissue types working together toperform specific, complex function
two
o Urinary System -Filters blood to remove waste products -Concentrates waste products in the form of urine -Expels __________ from the body
urine
Anterior: In front of (___________)
ventral
Heart rate (60-_______ bpm
100
Blood pressure (___/80 mmHg)
120
Blood sugar level (______ mg/dL)
140
Body temperature 37°C (_______°F)
98.6
