Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 1 Study Guide

o Integumentary System -Protection -Vitamin ________ Synthesis -Body temperature ___________________ -Sensory receptors

D, regulation

__________: small molecules to large molecules - Build up

anabolism

histology

body tissues

Catabolism: large molecules to small molecules _____________ down

breaking

heart, blood vessels, blood

cardiovascular

cytology

cells

Metabolism: Sum of all ____________________ reactions in the body

chemical

o Digestive System -Mechanically and _____________ digests food -Absorb nutrients -Expel _____________ products

chemically, waste

Principle of ____________________________ of structure and function

complementarity

Stimulus - Receptor - ____________ ___________ - Effector -Homeostasis restoration

control center

____________: Closer to inside or internal structures

deep

Responsiveness: Ability to ________________ and react to stimuli

detect

embryology: _____ changes from conception to birth

developmental

Pathophysiology: Relationship between the functioning of an organ system and ______ or _____ to the organ system

disease or injury

Coronal (______________) plane: Divides the body intoanterior and posterior sections

frontal

Physiology is the study of ______ of the body parts and how they work to carry out life-sustaining activities

function

Distal: ________________ from the trunk

further

o Respiratory System -_______ exchange

gas

Respiratory: How respiratory ____________ are transferred and exchanged between lung and blood vessels

gases

Cranial: Toward the _______________ end

head

___________________: Closer to feet

inferior

Regulation: Adjust __________________ bodily function in response to environmental changes

internal

Section: Actual cut or slice to expose ______________ organs

internal

_____________________: Away from the midline of the body

lateral

Midsagittal (median) plane: Divides the body into equal _________ and ___________ halves

left and right

Anatomical position: head _______

level

surface anatomy: superficial anatomical ______ and internal structure

markings

____________________: Toward the midline of the body

medial

Organelles: _________________ subunits

microscopic

o Muscular System - ______________ production -__________ generation

movement, heat

Organ system: Contains ______________ related organs that work together to complete a complex task

multiple

Proximal: _______________ to trunk

nearer

_____________________ feedback loop Response is opposite of the stimuli Process ________ _______ when set point or desired state is reached

negative, shuts off

______ impulses propagating through the nervous system

neuro

o Cardiovascular System -Moves blood to distribute hormones, _______________, gases -Pick up waste products

nutrients

Contralateral: On the _______________ side

opposite

Anatomical position: feet ________ and on the floor

parallel

_____________________ feedback loop Stimulus is reinforced to continue in the same direction Process shuts off when a climactic event occurs

positive

___________________: In back of (dorsal)

posterior

o Skeletal System -Support -__________________ -Hematopoiesis -Calcium and ________________ storage -Provides sites for ligament and muscle attachments

protection, phosphorus

_________________: Detect stimuli

receptors

particular region

regional anatomy

Reproductive: How the _____ of reproductive hormones drive the reproductive cycle

regulation

Anatomy studies ______ among parts of the body as well as the _____ of individual organs

relationships structure

Ipsilateral: On the ________________ side

same

comparative anatomy: interspecies ________ and _______

similarities and differences

Homeostasis: Ability of an organism to maintain a consistent internal environment, or "______________ state"

steady

o Nervous System -Regulatory system responding to sensory ___________ -Controls muscles and glands -Responsible for consciousness, __________________, and memory

stimuli, intelligence

Anatomy is the study of _____ and _____

structure and form

__________________: Closer to the outside

superficial

___________________: Closer to head

superior

Transverse (horizontal) plane: Divides the body into_______________ and _________________ sections

superior and inferior

each body system

systemic anatomy

Caudal: Toward the _______________ end

tail

Organs: Consists of ______ or more tissue types working together toperform specific, complex function

two

o Urinary System -Filters blood to remove waste products -Concentrates waste products in the form of urine -Expels __________ from the body

urine

Anterior: In front of (___________)

ventral

Heart rate (60-_______ bpm

100

Blood pressure (___/80 mmHg)

120

Blood sugar level (______ mg/dL)

140

Body temperature 37°C (_______°F)

98.6