Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 7 Bone Tissue test review questions

48. Calcium plays an essential role in all of the following except

DNA synthesis.

28. Which of these is an inorganic component of the bone matrix?

Hydroxyapatite

31. ____________ provide(s) hardness to bones, whereas ____________ provide(s) some degree of flexibility.

Hydroxyapatite and other minerals; proteins

55. Arteriosclerosis is one example of ectopic ossification, which means

abnormal calcification of a tissue.

47. Phosphate is necessary for all of the following except

amino acids.

56. If a thyroid tumor secreted an excessive amount of calcitonin, we would expect

an elevated level of osteoblast activity.

23. The expanded head at each end of a long bone is called

an epiphysies.

41. Mature bones are remodeled throughout life by employing

appositional growth.

42. Bone elongation is a result of

cartilage growth.

59. A fracture in which the bone is broken into three or more pieces is called a __________ fracture.

comminuted

17. Osseous tissue is a(an) ____________ tissue.

connective

18. These are all tissues that make up a long bone except

transitional epithelium.

40. Chondrocytes multiply in this zone of the metaphysis.

zone of cell proliferation

50. ____________ is synthesized by the combined action of the skin, kidneys, and liver, and is important to the deposition of bone.

Calcitriol

25. _____________ are bone-forming cells.

Osteoblasts

32. ___________ have a ruffled border with many deep infoldings of the plasma membrane, whereas ____________ have long, thin, fingerlike cytoplasmic processes.

Osteoclasts; osteocytes

35. _______________ are common in compact bone but rarely seen in spongy bone.

Osteocytes

65. ____________ affects more people than any other bone disease.

Osteoporosis

52. ____________ does not put women at risk of hypocalcemia.

Removal of the thyroid gland

45. _____________ is the process of dissolving bone and returning its minerals to the bloodstream.

Resorption

58. Osteoporosis is most common in elderly women because of the lack of ___________, which would otherwise inhibit ____________.

estrogen; osteoclast activity

36. Intramembranous ossification produces the

flat bones of the skull.

63. Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the healing of a bone fracture?

hematoma formation soft callus formation hard callus formation bone remodeling

37. Endochondral ossification is a precursor made of _____________ is replaced by bone.

hyaline cartilage.

62. A pathologic fracture

is a break in a bone weakened by some other disease.

49. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) does not

lower blood calcium.

43. Wolff's law of bone explains the effect of

mechanical stress on bone remodeling.

38. The _____________ is a marginal zone of the epiphyseal plate where, in children and adolescents, bone can be seen replacing the hyaline cartilage.

metaphysis

61. Bone protrudes through skin in a fracture called

open.

34. Which one of the following bone cells would have the greatest number of lysosomes?

osteoclasts

26. When ____________ become enclosed in lacunae, they become cells called _____________.

osteocytes; osteoclasts

53. Blood Ca2+ deficiency stimulates __________ secretion, which leads to _____________.

parathyroid hormone; increased osteoclast activity

24. A bone is covered externally with a sheath called ______________, whereas the internal surface is lined with _____________.

periosteum; endosteum

60. The result of calcium and phosphate levels in blood too low for normal deposition is a softness of the bones called ___________ in children and ___________ in adults.

rickets; osteomalacia

19. The four groups of bones include all the following except

rounded bones.

64. Patches of fibrocartilage formed in the healing of a fracture are called ________, whereas the bony collar formed around the fracture is called _________.

soft callus; hard callus

54. Hypocalcemia can cause

spasms.

29. Spicules and trabeculae are found in

spongy bone.

16. The skeleton does not

store red blood cells.

57. A soft callus forms during

the healing of a fracture.