Anatomy & Physiology Exam 1

Arteriosclerosis can lead to all of the following except A) diabetes. B) stroke. C) coronary artery disease. D) hypertension.

A

At a heart rate of 60 beats/minute, a cardiac cycle lasts A)1 second. B)more than a second. C)less than a second. D)60 seconds. E)370 milliseconds.

A

Compared to the right ventricle, the left ventricle has all the following characteristics except that it A) pumps a greater volume. B) is round in cross section. C) has a thicker wall. D) produces about four to six times more pressure when it contracts. E) contracts harder.

A

The wall(s) of the ________ rest(s) on the diaphragm. A) right atrium B) right ventricle C) left atrium D) left ventricle E) right and left ventricles

B

Name and describe the shallow depressions and grooves found on the heart's external surface

The anterior interventricular sulcus marks the boundary between the left and right ventricles on the heart's anterior surface; the shallower posterior interventricular sulcus marks the boundary between the left and right ventricles on the posterior surface; and the coronary sulcus is a deep groove that marks the border between the atria and the ventricles.

The earlike extension of the atrium is the A) coronary sinus. B) atricle. C) auricle. D) coronary sulcus. E) ventricle.

C

Which of the following vitamins is needed for the formation of clotting factors? A)A B)B C)K D)D E)E

C

Which of these descriptions best matches the term lymphocytes? A)release histamine B)become macrophages C)defend against specific pathogens or toxins D)often elevated in allergic individuals E)kill bacteria using cytotoxic chemicals

C

Define heart failure. (Module 18.16A) A)Heart failure is a condition where the heart can no longer meet the oxygen and nutrient demands of peripheral tissues. B)Heart failure is a blockage in one of the coronary arteries that prevents blood flow to the coronary tissue. C) Heart failure is the inability of the heart to keep a normal heart rhythm. D) Heart failure is a condition in which one or more valves fail to prevent regurgitation of blood. E) Heart failure is a condition of an abnormally slow heart rate.

A

Describe the heart's location in the body. (Module 18.2B) A)The heart is surrounded by the pericardium in the anterior mediastinum, deep to the sternum and superior to the diaphragm. B)The heart is surrounded by the pericardium in the posterior mediastinum, deep to the lungs and superior to the diaphragm. C)The heart is surrounded by the pleural cavity in the posterior mediastinum, deep to the sternum and inferior to the diaphragm. D)The heart is surrounded by the pleural cavity in the anterior mediastinum, deep to the lungs and superior to the diaphragm. E)The heart is surrounded by the mediastinum in the anterior pericardium, deep to the sternum and superior to the diaphragm.

A

What is coronary ischemia? (Module 18.8B) A) Coronary ischemia is an air bubble in the coronary vasculature. B)Coronary ischemia is a condition in which the blood supply of the coronary arteries is reduced. C)Coronary ischemia is a fatty mass of tissue that projects into the lumen of a vessel and restricts blood flow. D) Coronary ischemia is an irregular heart rhythm caused by an ectopic pacemaker. E) Coronary ischemia is a blood clot in the coronary vasculature.

B

Which condition would a patient have if she had a depressed hematocrit level? (Module 17.4C) A)erythrocytosis B)anemia C)reticulocytosis D)thrombocytopenia E)polycythemia

B

Which parts of the following statement are true? The cardioacceleratory center activates sympathetic neurons and the cardioinhibitory centercontrols parasympathetic neurons. A)Both parts of the statement are false. B)Both parts of the statement are true. C)The first part of the statement is true but the second part is false. D)The first part of the statement is false but the second part is true.

B

Why is the left ventricle more muscular than the right ventricle? (Module 18.6A) A)The left ventricle supplies blood to the brain and vital organs so it must be more reliable than the right ventricle which supplies blood to the limbs. B)The left ventricle must generate enough force to propel blood through the systemic circuit, whereas the right ventricle must generate only enough force to propel blood the short distance from the heart to the lungs in the pulmonary circuit. C)The left ventricle began forming earlier in development so it grew larger than the right ventricle. D)The left ventricle pumps a higher volume of blood to the systemic circuit than the volume of blood the right ventricle pumps to the pulmonary circuit. E)The left ventricle is supplied with more coronary vasculature so it hypertrophies over time, whereas the right ventricle receives less blood so it atrophies over time.

B

________ is to contraction as ________ is to relaxation. A) Diastole; systole B) Systole; diastole C) Filling; relaxing

B

________ is to slow heart rate as ________ is to fast heart rate. A)Bradycardia; cardiomyopathy B)Bradycardia; tachycardia C)Cardiac tamponade; bradycardia D)Tachycardia; bradycardia E)None of the answers is correct.

B

A substance that activates plasminogen might be useful to A) mimic erythropoietin. B) cause clots to form faster. C) cause clot dissolution to proceed faster. D) recruit neutrophils to an infection. E) initiate clot formation.

C

An equivalent term for epicardium is A) endocardium. B) parietal pericardium. C) visceral pericardium. D) myocardium. E) None of the answers is correct.

C

Blood flowing into the heart from the venae cavae flows next through the ________ valve. A)mitral B)aortic semilunar C)tricuspid D)bicuspid E)pulmonary semiluna

C

Comparing the left ventricle with the right ventricle, which of the following is true? A) The left ventricle produces a lower pressure than the right. B) The right ventricle pumps more blood than the left ventricle. C) The left ventricle does more work than the right ventricle. D) The left ventricle pumps against less resistance than the right ventricle. E) The right ventricle is thicker than the left ventricle.

C

Coronary veins empty into the A) conus arteriosus. B) right ventricle. C) right atrium. D) left ventricle. E) left atrium.

C

David suffers from a prolapsed mitral valve. This condition would cause A) increased effort by the right ventricle and regurgitation. B) increased effort by the right ventricle. C) increased effort by the left ventricle and regurgitation. D) increased effort by the left ventricle. E) regurgitation.

C

What do semilunar valves prevent? (Module 18.7C) A) Semilunar valves prevent backflow of blood into the atria. B) Semilunar valves prevent backflow of blood into the veins. C) Semilunar valves prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles. D) Semilunar valves prevent backflow of blood into the coronary vasculature. E) Semilunar valves prevent the flow of blood into the ventricles during atrial contraction.

C

What occurs at "B" on the graph? (Figure 18-2) A) semilunar valve opens B) end-systolic volume C) semilunar valve closes D) AV valve opens

C

A hematocrit provides information on A)clotting factors. B)blood type. C)plasma composition. D)formed elements abundance. E)sedimentation rate

D

The mitral valve closing is associated with all of the following except A) at the beginning of ventricular systole. B) when left ventricular pressure exceeds left atrial pressure. C) when the right ventricle pressure exceeds the right atrial pressure. D) when the left atrial pressure exceeds the left ventricular pressure. E) at the same time at the tricuspid valve.

D

The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the A)liver. B)heart. C)intestines. D)lungs. E)brain

D

There are ________ pulmonary veins. A)6 B)10 C)8 D)4 E)2

D

What occurs at the area labeled "D" on the graph? (Figure 18-2) A) semilunar valves open B) AV valves open C) diastolic refilling begins D) both AV valves open and diastolic refilling begins E) both semilunar valves open and diastolic refilling begins

D

Which of these would cause stroke volume to increase? A) when diastolic blood pressure is decreased B) when venous return is decreased C) when venous return is increased D) both when venous return is increased and when diastolic blood pressure is decreased E) both when venous return is decreased and when diastolic blood pressure is decreased

D

What effect would an increase in venous return have on the stroke volume? (Module 18.15B) A)An increase in venous return would fill the ventricles with less blood, increasing sarcomere length, which would decrease the stroke volume. B)An increase in venous return would fill the ventricles with less blood, decreasing sarcomere length, which would decrease the stroke volume. C)An increase in venous return would fill the ventricles with more blood, decreasing sarcomere length, which would decrease the stroke volume. D)An increase in venous return would fill the ventricles with less blood, decreasing sarcomere length, which would increase the stroke volume. E)An increase in venous return would fill the ventricles with more blood, increasing sarcomere length, which would increase the stroke volume.

E

What occurs at "A" on the graph? (Figure 18-2) A)left AV valve opens B)left AV valve closes C)end-systolic volume D)aortic semilunar valve closes E)aortic semilunar valve opens

E

Which structures collect blood from the myocardium, and into which heart chamber does this blood flow? (Module 18.4B) A) Coronary veins collect blood from the myocardium and carry it to the right ventricle. B) Coronary arteries collect blood from the myocardium and carry it to the right atrium. C) Coronary arteries collect blood from the myocardium and carry it to the left atrium. D) Coronary veins collect blood from the myocardium and carry it to the left atrium. E) Coronary veins collect blood from the myocardium and carry it to the right atrium.

E

All the circulating red blood cells originate in the A)red bone marrow. B)heart. C)thymus. D)spleen. E)lymph tissue.

A

Describe platelets and their origin. (Module 17.3B) A)Platelets are cell fragments that develop from megakaryocytes. B)Platelets are the remnants of the reticulocyte organelles during the maturation of a reticulocyte into a red blood cell. C)Platelets are immature red blood cells. D)Platelets are derived by lymphoid stem cells that divide into lymphocytes and in the process shed some cytoplasmic fragments. E)Platelets are precursor cells to the myeloid and lymphoid stem cells.

A

Each hemoglobin molecule contains A)four iron ions. B)one heme group. C)four alpha chains. D)two heme groups. E)one alpha and one beta chain

A

How would removal of calcium ions from a blood sample affect coagulation? A)The coagulation pathway would be lacking a required cofactor at many steps and coagulation would be prevented. B)Coagulation would be prevented. C)There would be no effect because magnesium can substitute for calcium. D)There would be no effect because calcium is not a necessary cofactor in coagulation. E)The coagulation pathway would be lacking a required cofactor at many steps.

A

Identify the structure labeled "6." (Figure 18-1) A) cusp of tricuspid valve B) ligamentum arteriosum C) aortic semilunar valve D) pulmonary semilunar valve E) cusp of bicuspid valve

A

Intercalated discs serve to transfer all of the following from cell to cell except A) Z-lines. B) small molecules. C) action potentials. D) the force of contraction. E) ionic currents.

A

List the three stages of an action potential in a cardiac muscle cell. (Module 18.11B) A) rapid depolarization, plateau, and repolarization B) rapid depolarization, plateau, and hyperpolarization C) plateau, repolarization, and hyperpolarization D) rapid depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization E) slow depolarization, plateau, and hyperpolarization

A

The ________ is the volume of blood in a ventricle at the beginning of systole. A) end-diastolic volume B) stroke volume C) preload D) end-systolic volume E) afterload

A

The atrioventricular valves permit blood flow A)in one direction only. B)in many directions. C)in both directions. D)in opposite directions on the right and left. E)None of the answers is correct

A

The term used to describe fluid collecting in the pericardial cavity that restricts the movement of the heart is known as A) cardiac tamponade. B) cardiomyopathy. C) pleural effusion. D) mitral valve prolapse. E) pericarditis.

A

Which of these is not one of the formed elements of blood? A)antibodies B)platelets C)RBCs D)basophils E)lymphocytes

A

White blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are A)basophils. B)lymphocytes. C)neutrophils. D)eosinophils. E)monocytes

A

he superior portion of the heart where major blood vessels enter and exit is the A) base. B) inferior border. C) apex. D) left border. E) right border.

A

A typical adult hematocrit is A)the same in both men and women. B)higher in males than females. C)higher in females than males

B

All of the following are components of the cardiovascular system except A)capillaries. B)lymph vessels. C)heart. D)arteries. E)blood

B

All of the following blood disorders are due to specific issues with RBCs except A)thalassemia. B)myeloid leukemia. C)pernicious anemia. D)malaria. E)iron deficiency anemia.

B

An increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is termed A)polycythemia. B)hyperchromic. C)macrocytic. D)reticulocytosis. E)anemia

B

Blood returning to the heart from the systemic circuit first enters the A) right ventricle. B) right atrium. C) left ventricle. D) left atrium. E) conus arteriosus.

B

Cardiac output can be increased by all of the following except A) increasing heart rate. B) decreasing ejection fraction. C) increasing stroke volume. D) increasing ejection fraction. E) decreasing end-systolic volume.

B

Define hemostasis. (Module 17.10A) A)Hemostasis is the maintenance of relatively normal internal conditions in the face of a changing external environment. B)Hemostasis is the process of stopping bleeding. C)Hemostasis is an antigen-antibody binding response that alerts the immune system to anon-self antigen. D)Hemostasis is the production of new blood components in the red bone marrow. E)Hemostasis is the regulation of the hormones that control blood composition.

B

Definehemocytoblasts. (Module 17.3A) A)Hemocytoblasts form from myeloid stem cells and divide to become erythrocytes. B)Hemocytoblasts form from hematopoietic stem cells and divide into lymphoid stem cells andmyeloid stem cells. C)Hemocytoblasts form from lymphoid stem cells and divide to become lymphocytes andmonocytes. D)Hemocytoblasts form from megakaryocytes and produce platelets. E)Hemocytoblasts shed their cytoplasm in membrane-enclosed packets called platelets.

B

Each heme ring in hemoglobin encloses an atom of A)copper. B)iron. C)sodium. D)magnesium. E)calcium.

B

Which blood type(s) can be safely transfused into a person with type O-blood? (Module 17.7C) A)AB+, AB-, O+, O- B)O+and O- C)They can receive only O-blood. D)They can receive any type of Rh negative blood. E)They can receive any type of blood.

C

Give the alternate terms for heart contraction and heart relaxation. (Module 18.9B) A)The alternate term for heart contraction is diastole and the alternate term for heart relaxation is systole. B)The alternate term for heart contraction is systole and the alternate term for heart relaxation is diastole. C)The alternate term for heart contraction is pumping and the alternate term for heart relaxation is resting. D)The alternate term for heart contraction is pumping and the alternate term for heart relaxation is filling. E)The alternate term for heart contraction is working and the alternate term for heart relaxation is resting.

B

In adults, the only site of red blood cell production and the primary site of white blood cell formation is A)yellow bone marrow. B)red bone marrow. C)the thymus. D)the spleen. E)the liver

B

Most of the iron that is removed from degraded hemoglobin is A)stored in yellow bone marrow. B)recycled to red bone marrow. C)excreted by the liver. D)excreted by the intestines. E)excreted by the kidneys

B

Pacemaker cells in the SA node A)have a well-defined resting potential. B)generate action potentials that spread to the myocardium. C)are located in the left atrium. D)have an action potential identical to contractile cardiac muscle cells. E)are highly contractile.

B

Stroke volume depends on all of the following except A) the pressure required to pump blood into the aorta. B) end-systolic volume. C) the contractility of the ventricle. D) cardiac output. E) end-diastolic volume.

B

The amount of blood returning to the heart is the A) stroke volume. B) venous return. C) end-diastolic volume. D) preload. E) afterload.

B

The cavity that contains only the heart is the A)pleural cavity. B)pericardial cavity. C)thoracic cavity. D)anterior cavity. E)mediastinum.

B

The heart pumps approximately ________ milliliters of blood each minute. A) 100,000 B) 6,000 C) 20,000 D) 50,000 E) 15,000

B

The interventricular sulci and coronary sulcus contain all of the following except A) fat. B) nerves. C) veins. D) arteries. E) None of the answers is correct.

B

The right atrium receives blood from all of the following except the A) superior vena cava. B) pulmonary veins. C) inferior vena cava. D) coronary sinus.

B

What are the two phases of ventricular systole? (Module 18.10B) A) isovolumetric contraction and ventricular filling B) isovolumetric contraction and ventricular ejection C) isovolumetric relaxation and ventricular filling D) isovolumetric relaxation and ventricular ejection E) left ventricular systole and right ventricular systole

B

Which of the following would you expect to see in increased numbers in a peripheral blood sample after donating a unit of blood? A)lymphocytes B)reticulocytes C)erythrocytes D)neutrophils E)platelets

B

An elevated hematocrit value is termed A)macrocytic. B)hyperchromic. C)polycythemia. D)reticulocytosis. E)anemia

C

Describe the location and position of the heart. (Module 18.1A) A) The heart is located near the right lateral chest wall. B) The heart is located near the anterior chest wall, below the diaphragm. C) The heart is located near the anterior chest wall, directly behind the sternum. D) The heart is located near the posterior chest wall, directly beside the vertebral column. E) The heart is located near the stomach in the abdominopelvic cavity.

C

During the T wave of the electrocardiogram, the ventricles are electrically ________ and functionally ________. A) depolarizing; contracting B) repolarizing; contracting C) repolarizing; relaxing D) neutral; at rest E) depolarizing,; relaxing

C

Heart rate is controlled by neurons of the cardiovascular center located in the A)thalamus. B)pons. C)medulla oblongata. D)higher centers. E)hypothalamus.

C

How do basophils respond to tissue damage? (Module 17.9B) A)Basophils enter damaged tissue and become macrophages which engulf pathogens or debris. B)Basophils enter damaged tissue and engulf antibody-labeled materials, release cytotoxicenzymes, and reduce inflammation. C)Basophils enter damaged tissue and release a variety of chemicals, including histamine,which promotes inflammation. D)Basophils provide defense against specific pathogens or toxins by becoming B plasma cells,which produce antibodies. E)Basophils enter damaged tissue first and in high numbers to engulf the pathogens and debrisand release cytotoxic enzymes and chemicals that attract other WBCs to the region.

C

If there is a complete block between the SA node and the AV node, how would the ECG be affected? A)The QRS duration will be longer. B)There will be much bigger P waves. C)The rate of P waves will be faster than the rate of QRS complexes. D)The ventricles will stop beating. E)The P-R interval will be shorter

C

Mary is tested for the amount of hemoglobin in her blood. The test results indicate that her hemoglobin level is 16 g/dL of blood. This value indicates that A)her hematocrit is probably lower than normal. B)she may be suffering from a form of leukemia. C)her hemoglobin level is normal. D)she is suffering from anemia. E)she has fewer red blood cells than normal.

C

Pacemaker cells isolated from the SA node generate action potentials at ________ beats per minute. A) 20-40 B) 40-60 C) 80-100 D) 100-140 E) 140-180

C

People with type AB blood are considered the "universal recipient" for transfusions because A)their blood is plentiful in A and B antibodies. B)they are usually Rh negative. C)their blood lacks A or B antibodies. D)they usually have very strong immune systems. E)their blood cells lack A and B antigens

C

The P wave of the electrocardiogram is a signal from A) depolarization of the AV node. B) repolarization of the atria. C) depolarization of the atria. D) depolarization of the SA node. E) depolarization of the ventricles.

C

The ________ is a procedure that is used to determine the number of mature erythrocytes. A)differential count B)platelet count C)RBC count D)reticulocyte count E)complete blood count

C

The ________ valve opens when left ventricular pressure exceeds aortic blood pressure. A)right atrioventricular B)left atrioventricular C)aortic D)pulmonary E)All of the answers are correct.

C

The ________ valve prevents backward flow into the left atrium. A) semilunar B) tricuspid C) bicuspid D) pulmonic E) semicaval

C

The coronary sulcus is a groove that A)separates the atrioventricular valves from the atria. B)separates the coronary arteries from the coronary veins. C)marks the border between the atria and ventricles. D)marks the boundary line between the right and left ventricles. E)marks the boundary line between the right and left atria

C

The entire space between the pleural cavities containing only the heart, great vessels, thymus, trachea and esophagus is called the A) thoracic cavity. B) abdominopelvic cavity. C) mediastinum. D) pericardial cavity. E) anterior cavity.

C

The function of the atrium is to A) pump blood into the systemic circuit. B) collect blood. C) collect blood and pump blood to the ventricle. D) pump blood to the lungs. E) pump blood to the ventricle

C

The left border of the heart is formed by the A)right atrium and right ventricle. B)right ventricle and left ventricle. C)left atrium and left ventricle. D)left atrium and right atrium. E)None of the answers is correct.

C

The left ventricle pumps blood to the A) pulmonary circuit. B) lungs. C) aorta. D) right ventricle. E) right atrium

C

The most numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the A)lymphocytes. B)monocytes. C)neutrophils. D)eosinophils. E)basophils.

C

The process of fibrinolysis A)forms thrombi. B)draws torn edges of damaged tissue closer together. C)dissolves clots. D)forms emboli. E)activates fibrinogen.

C

The relaxation phase of the lower chambers of the heart is called A)atrial diastole. B)atrial systole. C)ventricular diastole. D)ventricular systole. E)None of the answers are correct

C

What is the most common blood type in the United States? (Module 17.7B) A)A+ B)B+ C)O+ D)O- E)AB+

C

When blood is fractionated, its components are ________ for the purpose of analysis. A)lysed B)returned to the body C)separated D)marked E)combined

C

Acetylcholine slows the heart because it A) opens sodium-calcium ion channels in SA node cells. B) causes the pacemaker potential to depolarize more slowly. C) causes the pacemaker potential to depolarize more quickly. D)opens potassium ion channels in SA node cells and causes the pacemaker potential to depolarize more slowly. E) opens potassium ion channels in SA node cells

D

Averaged over a few heartbeats, venous return is ________ cardiac output. A) much lower than B) much higher than C) somewhat higher than D) equal to E) somewhat lower than

D

Blood is supplied to the myocardium by A) arteries that branch from the pulmonary arteries. B) contact with blood in the pumping chambers. C) the coronary sinus. D) the coronary arteries. E) None of the answers is correct.

D

Caffeine has effects on conducting cells and contractile cells that are similar to those of NE. What effect would drinking large amounts of caffeinated beverages have on the heart rate? (Module 18.14C) A) heart rate would decrease B) heart rate would stay the same but contraction would increase C) heart rate would stay the same but contraction would decrease D) heart rate would increase

D

Cardiac output is increased by A)increased end-diastolic volume. B)increased stroke volume. C)more sympathetic stimulation. D)All of the answers are correct. E)None of the answers is correct.

D

Complications related to arteriosclerosis account for roughly ________ percent of deaths in the United States. A) 20 B) 30 C) 60 D) 50 E) 25

D

Describe the functional aspects of RBCs. (Module 17.5A) A)RBCs have a small surface area — to — volume ratio, are spherical in shape, and stick easily to each other. B)RBCs have a lot of mitochondria for ATP production, undergo rapid cell division, and are flexible. C)RBCs have pseudopodia to allow motility, are spherical in shape, and roll easily across the endothelium of blood vessels. D)RBCs have a large surface area — to — volume ratio, exhibit the ability to form stacks, and they are flexible. E)RBCs have a large surface area — to — volume ratio, have sticky plasma membranes, and are rigid discs.

D

Describe the sites and actions of the cardioinhibitory and cardioacceleratory centers. (Module 18.14B) A)The cardioacceleratory center in the medulla oblongata activates parasympathetic neurons to increase heart rate; the cardioinhibitory center in the medulla oblongata activates sympathetic neurons that slow heart rate. B)The cardioacceleratory center in the medulla oblongata activates somatic neurons to slow heart rate; the cardioinhibitory center in the medulla oblongata activates somatic neurons that increase heart rate. C)The cardioacceleratory center in the medulla oblongata activates sympathetic neurons to slow heart rate; the cardioinhibitory center in the medulla oblongata activates parasympathetic neurons that increase heart rate. D)The cardioacceleratory center in the medulla oblongata activates sympathetic neurons to increase heart rate; the cardioinhibitory center in the medulla oblongata activates parasympathetic neurons that slow heart rate. E)The cardioacceleratory center in the medulla oblongata activates parasympathetic neurons to slow heart rate; the cardioinhibitory center in the medulla oblongata activates sympathetic neurons that increase heart rate.

D

Does an Rh+mother carrying an Rhȭfetus require a RhoGAM injection? Explain your answer.(Module 17.8C) A)No, she will not require a RhoGAM injection because the fetus is not at risk for Rhin compatibility. The fetus is not at risk because its RBCs contain Rh surface antigens and the mother's plasma has anti-Rh antibodies. B)Yes, she will require a RhoGAM injection because the fetus is at risk for Rh incompatibility.The fetus is at risk because its RBCs lack Rh surface antigens and the mother's plasma lacks anti-Rh antibodies. C)Yes, she will require a RhoGAM injection because the fetus is at risk for Rh incompatibility.The fetus is at risk because its RBCs lack Rh surface antigens and the mother's plasma has anti-Rh antibodies. D)No, she will not require a RhoGAM injection because the fetus is not at risk for Rhin compatibility. The fetus is not at risk because its RBCs lack Rh surface antigens and the mother's plasma lacks anti-Rh antibodies. E)Yes, she will require a RhoGAM injection because the fetus is at risk for Rh incompatibility.The fetus is at risk because its RBCs contain Rh surface antigens and the mother's plasma has anti-Rh antibodies

D

During a bacterial infection you would expect to see increased numbers of A)basophils. B)thrombocytes. C)reticulocytes. D)neutrophils. E)eosinophils.

D

Erythropoiesis is stimulated when A)both oxygen levels in the blood increase and blood flow to the kidney declines. B)oxygen levels in the blood increase. C)oxygen levels in the blood decrease. D)both oxygen levels in the blood decrease and blood flow to the kidney declines. E)blood flow to the kidney declines

D

Identify the structure labeled "21." (Figure 18-1) A) pulmonary semilunar valve B) bicuspid valve C) aortic semilunar valve D) ligamentum arteriosum E) tricuspid valve

D

If the connection between the SA node and AV node becomes blocked, A) cardiac output will increase. B) the ventricles will beat faster. C) the ventricular beat will remain unchanged. D) the ventricles will beat more slowly. E) All of the answers are correct.

D

In adults, erythropoiesis exclusively takes place in A)yellow bone marrow. B)the liver. C)lymphoid tissue. D)red bone marrow. E)the spleen

D

More than 95 percent of the protein in a red blood cell is A)albumin. B)immunoglobulin. C)fibrinogen. D)hemoglobin. E)porphyrin.

D

The ________ is the amount of blood in a ventricle after it has contracted and before it begins to refill. A)preload B)stroke volume C)end-diastolic volume D)end-systolic volume E)afterload

D

The ________ lines the chambers of the heart, covers the heart valves, and is continuous with the endothelium. A) epicardium B) visceral pericardium C) myocardium D) endocardium E) parietal pericardium

D

The ________ separate(s) the two ventricles. A) atrioventricular valves B) interatrial septum C) moderator band D) interventricular septum E) foramen ovale

D

The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is catalyzed by A)factor VIII. B)prothrombin activator. C)fibrinogen-converting enzyme. D)thrombin. E)plasmin

D

The first heart sound is heard when the A)blood enters the aorta. B)semilunar valves close. C)AV valves open. D)AV valves close. E)atria contract

D

The waste product bilirubin is produced from A)globin chains of hemoglobin. B)iron found in hemoglobin molecules. C)heme molecules plus iron. D)heme molecules lacking iron. E)abnormal proteins found in red blood cells

D

When a person who lives at sea level vacations in the Rocky Mountains, you would expect A)the release of erythropoietin. B)a rise in hematocrit. C)a drop in oxygen levels. D)All of the answers are correct. E)None of the answers is correct

D

All of the following are heritable blood disorders except A)hemophilia. B)sickle cell disease. C)thalassemia. D)sickle cell anemia. E)malaria

E

An obstruction in blood flow to the kidneys would ultimately result in A)increased sensitivity to vitamin K. B)decreased erythropoiesis. C)decreased iron absorption. D)renal anemia. E)increased erythropoiesis

E

Compare bradycardia with tachycardia. (Module 18.14A) A)Bradycardia is a heart rate below 80 beats per minute and tachycardia is a heart rate above120 beats per minute. B)Bradycardia is an abnormally weak ventricular contraction and tachycardia is an abnormally strong ventricular contraction. C)Bradycardia is an abnormally strong ventricular contraction and tachycardia is an abnormally weak ventricular contraction. D)Bradycardia is a heart rate above 100 beats per minute and tachycardia is a heart rate below60 beats per minute. E)Bradycardia is a heart rate below 60 beats per minute and tachycardia is a heart rate above100 beats per minute

E

The pulmonary veins carry blood to the A)lungs. B)intestines. C)brain. D)liver. E)heart.

E

Which of the following is not a component of plasma? A)electrolytes B)fibrinogen C)water D)albumin E)platelets

E

A person with Type A blood has A)anti-A antibodies on the red blood cells. B)anti-B antibodies in the plasma and anti-A antibodies on the red blood cells. C)anti-B antibodies in the plasma. D)antigen A on the RBCs. E)antigen A on the RBCs and anti-B antibodies in the plasm

E

Compare the duration of atrial and ventricular systole at a representative heart rate of 75 bpm. (Module 18.9C) A) Atrial systole has a duration of 100 msec, and ventricular systole has a duration of 100 msec. B) Atrial systole has a duration of 270 msec, and ventricular systole has a duration of 100 msec. C) Atrial systole has a duration of 270 msec, and ventricular systole has a duration of 270 msec. D) Atrial systole has a duration of 100 msec, and ventricular systole has a duration of 370 msec. E) Atrial systole has a duration of 100 msec, and ventricular systole has a duration of 270 msec.

E

Compare the volume of blood each circuit receives from contraction of the ventricles. (Module18.1D) A)The systemic circuit receives twice as much blood as the pulmonary circuit. B)The pulmonary circuit receives half as much blood as the systemic circuit. C)The systemic circuit receives four times as much blood as the pulmonary circuit. D)The systemic circuit receives three times as much blood as the pulmonary circuit. E)Both circuits receive the same volume of blood.

E

Define mediastinum. (Module 18.2A) A)The mediastinum is the serious membrane that surrounds the heart. B)The mediastinum is the region that contains each lung. C)The mediastinum is the region anterior to the sternum that is pressed during cardiacpulmonary resuscitation. D)The mediastinum is the region from the diaphragm to the superior border or the rib cage andfrom each lateral side of the rib cage. E)The mediastinum is the region between the two pleural cavities that contains the heart, alongwith the great vessels, thymus, esophagus, and trachea

E

Depolarization of the ventricles is represented on an electrocardiogram by the A) P wave. B) S wave. C) T wave. D) PR complex. E) QRS complex.

E

Describe what happens to blood flow during elastic rebound. (Module 18.5D) A) Elastic rebound is the speed with which the heart returns to its relaxed state after contracting. B)Elastic rebound is what pushes blood through the coronary arteries when the heart is contracting. C) Elastic rebound is the contraction of the ventricles forcing blood into the outflow vessels. D) Elastic rebound pushes blood from the cardiac veins into the right atrium. E)Elastic rebound is when blood in the aorta is driven forward into the systemic circuit, some is forced back toward the left ventricle and into the coronary arteries.

E

Each of the following factors will increase cardiac output except A) increased venous return and increased parasympathetic stimulation. B) increased sympathetic stimulation. C) increased heart rate. D) increased venous return. E) increased parasympathetic stimulation.

E

From superficial to deep, name the layers of the heart wall. (Module 18.3A) A)endocardium, myocardium, pericardium B)pericardium, endocardium, myocardium C)myocardium, pericardium, endocardium D)endocardium, pericardium, myocardium E)pericardium, myocardium, endocardium

E

Hemolytic disease of the newborn may result if A)both the father and the mother are Rh negative. B)the mother is Rh positive and the father is Rh negative. C)an Rh-positive mother carries an Rh-negative fetus. D)both the father and the mother are Rh positive. E)an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive fetus

E

If a patient's tricuspid valve was leaking during systole, what would happen? A) regurgitation back into the aorta B) regurgitation back into the pulmonary trunk C) regurgitation back into the left atrium D) regurgitation back into the superior vena cava E) regurgitation back into the right atrium

E

List the phases of the cardiac cycle. (Module 18.10A) A) atrial diastole and ventricular diastole B) ventricular systole and ventricular diastole C) atrial systole, ventricular systole, ventricular diastole D) atrial systole and ventricular systole E) atrial systole, atrial diastole, ventricular systole, ventricular diastole

E

Tetanic muscle contractions don't occur in a normal cardiac muscle because A) neural stimulation is lacking. B) cardiac muscle tissue contracts on its own. C) potassium channels outnumber sodium channels. D) the refractory period ends before the muscle reaches peak tension. E) the refractory period lasts until the muscle relaxes

E

The ________ deliver(s) blood to the myocardium. A) left coronary artery B) superior vena cava C) right coronary vein D) right coronary artery E) right coronary artery and left coronary artery

E

The ________ is a procedure that is used to determine the number of each of the various types of white blood cells. A)reticulocyte count B)complete blood count C)hematocrit D)mean corpuscular volume E)differential count

E

The ________ separate(s) the two atria. A)foramen ovale B)interventricular septum C)atrioventricular valves D)moderator band E)interatrial septum

E

The circumflex branch and the anterior interventricular artery are branches of the A) aorta. B) interventricular artery. C) right coronary artery. D) coronary sinus. E) left coronary artery.

E

The first blood vessels to branch from the aorta are the ________ arteries. A) circumflex B) subclavian C) carotid D) pulmonary E) coronary

E

The great and middle cardiac veins drain blood into the A) aorta. B) superior vena cava. C) coronary sulcus. D) inferior vena cava. E) coronary sinus.

E

The heart is innervated by ________ nerves. A)parasympathetic B)somatomotor C)sympathetic D)neither parasympathetic nor sympathetic E)both parasympathetic and sympathetic

E

The inferior point of the heart is called the A)inferior border. B)base. C)right border. D)left border. E)apex.

E

The long plateau phase of the cardiac muscle action potential is due to A) movement of fewer sodium ions across the cell membrane into the cell. B) decrease in the amount of calcium diffusing across the membrane. C) increased membrane permeability to sodium ions. D) increased membrane permeability to potassium ion. E) voltage-gated calcium channels remaining open.

E

The muscle layer of the heart is the A)epicardium. B)parietal pericardium. C)visceral pericardium. D)endocardium. E)myocardium

E

The normal pH of blood is A)extremely alkaline. B)slightly acidic. C)neutral. D)extremely acidic. E)slightly alkaline.

E