anatomy and physiology final exam set

What would be an example of a cell maintaining homeostasis at the cellular level?

a cell takes up potassium to maintain the proper cytoplasmic potassium concentration

an anatomical term that means the same as ventral is

anterior

Carbohydrate molecules

are the body's most readily available source of energy.

Each of the following is an inorganic compound except

carbohydrates.

Which organ system transports nutrients, metabolic wastes, gases, and defense cells?

cardiovascular

Identify the mismatched pair.

carrier proteins—allow a cell to move

The cell theory includes all of these concepts except

every cell is capable of living on its own if isolated from the body.

The process by which molecules such as glucose are moved into cells along their concentration gradient with the help of membrane-bound carrier proteins is called

facilitated diffusion.

Macrophages are cells that engulf and consume germs or debris. What organelle must be especially plentiful in these cells?

lysosomes

The three structural components of a nucleotide are a pentose, a phosphate group, and a ________ base.

nitrogenous

Which of the following is arranged in correct order from the most complex to the simplest?

organism, system, organ, tissue, cellular, molecular

An anatomical term that means the same as ventral is

posterior.

Stored energy that has the ability to do work is called

potential energy.

Tissue changes with age include all of the following except

proliferation of epidermal cells.

Homeostatic regulation usually involves a(n) ________ that detects a particular stimulus, and a(n) ________ that responds to the stimulus by communicating with a(n) ________ whose activity has an effect on the same stimulus.

receptor; control center; effector

Diffusion of a substance across the cell membrane may be influenced by all of the following except

the availability of ATP.

which organ system provides support, protection of soft tissue, mineral storage, and blood formation?

skeletal

The muscle found in the walls of most hollow organs of the body is

smooth muscle.

The common term for the carpal region is the

wrist

the common term for the carpal region is the

wrist

Match the organelle (1-4) with the correct description (5-8). 1) mitochondrion5) synthesizing molecules 2) centriole6) liquid in cell 3) endoplasmic reticulum7) provides cell with energy 4) cytosol8) aids the formation of the spindle apparatus

1 and 7, 2 and 8, 3 and 5, 4 and 6

An excess of hydrogen ions in the body fluids can have fatal results because this can

All of the answers are correct.

which of the following are functions of proteins

All of these are functions of proteins

Which of the following are functions of proteins?

All of these are functions of proteins.

Which of the following statements about water is false?

It has a relatively low heat capacity.

Which of the following statements about the Golgi apparatus is false?

It sends transport vesicles to the RER.

When a small amount of HCl or NaOH is added to a solution of Na2HPO4, the pH of the solution barely changes. Based on these observations, all of the following are true concerning the compound Na2HPO4, except

Na2HPO4 adsorbs excess H+ and OH- directly onto the surface of its crystalline structure.

Which of the following statements concerning mitochondria is false?

The mitochondria produce oxygen in the process of energy transformation.

Which of the following descriptors is false regarding enzymes?

They are consumed during the reaction.

The function of simple cuboidal epithelium is

absorption and secretion.

A process that requires cellular energy to move a substance against its concentration gradient is called

active transport.

the most abundant high-energy compound in cells is

adenosine triphosphate

The most abundant high-energy compound in cells is

adenosine triphosphate.

A chemical imbalance in the body can cause the heart to stop pumping blood, which in turn will cause other tissues and organs to cease functioning. This observation supports the view that

all levels of organization within an organism are interdependent.

an excess of hydrogen ions in the body fluids can have fatal results because this can

all of the answers are correct

A person who is standing facing forward with hands at the sides and palms facing forward is in the ________ position.

anatomical

a person who is standing facing forward with hands at the sides and the palms facing forward is in position

anatomical

A tissue with a firm gel matrix and cells inside lacunae is

cartilage.

In an ionic bond, the electron donor is the ________, whereas the electron acceptor is the ________.

cation; anion

The smallest living unit within the human body is

cell

The electric potential difference across the cell membrane is known as

cellular potential

The three types of protein fibers in connective tissue are

collagen, reticular, and elastic.

Which of the following best describes osmosis?

diffusion of water from a greater to a lesser water concentration across a selectively permeable membrane

The wrist is ________ to the elbow.

distal

a midsagittal section of the body would pass through the

heart

The endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for all of the following except

housing the chromosomes.

Oppositely charged ions in solution are prevented from combining by

hydration spheres.

A blood cell undergoes crenation when it is placed in a(n) ________ solution.

hypertonic

Microvilli are found on cells of the inner surface of the small intestine, where they

increase the absorption of nutrients from digested food.

A gene is a set of specific instructions that

indicates the sequence of amino acids in a protein molecule.

The correct order of phases in the cell cycle is

interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

which of the following is not considered an abdominopelvic region

left lumbar

A cell can increase how fast a substance diffuses across its plasma membrane by inserting channels, which modify the

membrane's permeability to the substance.

The proper distribution of a somatic cell's genetic material to two daughter cells is accomplished by the process of

mitosis

if a response decreases a disturbance, the control system in classified as a feedback system

negative

In ________ a stimulus produces a response that opposes or negates the original stimulus.

negative feedback

which of the following is arranged in the correct order form the most complex to the simplest

organism,system,organ,tissue,cellular, molecular

the chemical behavior of an atom is determined by the

outer most electron shell

The chemical behavior of an atom is determined by the

outermost electron shell.

The thoracic cavity contains the

pericardial and pleural cavities.

the thoracic cavity contains the

pericardial and pleural cavities.

Molecules with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate group that form biological membranes are called

phospholipids.

Identify the branch of biological science that deals with the study of how living organisms perform their vital functions.

physiology

The duplication of DNA is called ________, the copying of DNA to mRNA is called ________, and the reading of the mRNA by the cell to make a protein is called ________.

replication; transcription; translation

Which plane divides the body into right and left parts?

sagittal

Functions of the plasma membrane include all of the following except

thermal insulation.

All of the following are true of neurons except that

they are a very specialized form of connective tissue.

which of the following descriptors is false regarding enzymes

they are consumed during the reaction

In DNA replication,

two copies are made of each chromosome, and each copy contains one of the DNA strands from the original chromosome.