anatomy and physiology final exam set
What would be an example of a cell maintaining homeostasis at the cellular level?
a cell takes up potassium to maintain the proper cytoplasmic potassium concentration
an anatomical term that means the same as ventral is
anterior
Carbohydrate molecules
are the body's most readily available source of energy.
Each of the following is an inorganic compound except
carbohydrates.
Which organ system transports nutrients, metabolic wastes, gases, and defense cells?
cardiovascular
Identify the mismatched pair.
carrier proteins—allow a cell to move
The cell theory includes all of these concepts except
every cell is capable of living on its own if isolated from the body.
The process by which molecules such as glucose are moved into cells along their concentration gradient with the help of membrane-bound carrier proteins is called
facilitated diffusion.
Macrophages are cells that engulf and consume germs or debris. What organelle must be especially plentiful in these cells?
lysosomes
The three structural components of a nucleotide are a pentose, a phosphate group, and a ________ base.
nitrogenous
Which of the following is arranged in correct order from the most complex to the simplest?
organism, system, organ, tissue, cellular, molecular
An anatomical term that means the same as ventral is
posterior.
Stored energy that has the ability to do work is called
potential energy.
Tissue changes with age include all of the following except
proliferation of epidermal cells.
Homeostatic regulation usually involves a(n) ________ that detects a particular stimulus, and a(n) ________ that responds to the stimulus by communicating with a(n) ________ whose activity has an effect on the same stimulus.
receptor; control center; effector
Diffusion of a substance across the cell membrane may be influenced by all of the following except
the availability of ATP.
which organ system provides support, protection of soft tissue, mineral storage, and blood formation?
skeletal
The muscle found in the walls of most hollow organs of the body is
smooth muscle.
The common term for the carpal region is the
wrist
the common term for the carpal region is the
wrist
Match the organelle (1-4) with the correct description (5-8). 1) mitochondrion5) synthesizing molecules 2) centriole6) liquid in cell 3) endoplasmic reticulum7) provides cell with energy 4) cytosol8) aids the formation of the spindle apparatus
1 and 7, 2 and 8, 3 and 5, 4 and 6
An excess of hydrogen ions in the body fluids can have fatal results because this can
All of the answers are correct.
which of the following are functions of proteins
All of these are functions of proteins
Which of the following are functions of proteins?
All of these are functions of proteins.
Which of the following statements about water is false?
It has a relatively low heat capacity.
Which of the following statements about the Golgi apparatus is false?
It sends transport vesicles to the RER.
When a small amount of HCl or NaOH is added to a solution of Na2HPO4, the pH of the solution barely changes. Based on these observations, all of the following are true concerning the compound Na2HPO4, except
Na2HPO4 adsorbs excess H+ and OH- directly onto the surface of its crystalline structure.
Which of the following statements concerning mitochondria is false?
The mitochondria produce oxygen in the process of energy transformation.
Which of the following descriptors is false regarding enzymes?
They are consumed during the reaction.
The function of simple cuboidal epithelium is
absorption and secretion.
A process that requires cellular energy to move a substance against its concentration gradient is called
active transport.
the most abundant high-energy compound in cells is
adenosine triphosphate
The most abundant high-energy compound in cells is
adenosine triphosphate.
A chemical imbalance in the body can cause the heart to stop pumping blood, which in turn will cause other tissues and organs to cease functioning. This observation supports the view that
all levels of organization within an organism are interdependent.
an excess of hydrogen ions in the body fluids can have fatal results because this can
all of the answers are correct
A person who is standing facing forward with hands at the sides and palms facing forward is in the ________ position.
anatomical
a person who is standing facing forward with hands at the sides and the palms facing forward is in position
anatomical
A tissue with a firm gel matrix and cells inside lacunae is
cartilage.
In an ionic bond, the electron donor is the ________, whereas the electron acceptor is the ________.
cation; anion
The smallest living unit within the human body is
cell
The electric potential difference across the cell membrane is known as
cellular potential
The three types of protein fibers in connective tissue are
collagen, reticular, and elastic.
Which of the following best describes osmosis?
diffusion of water from a greater to a lesser water concentration across a selectively permeable membrane
The wrist is ________ to the elbow.
distal
a midsagittal section of the body would pass through the
heart
The endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for all of the following except
housing the chromosomes.
Oppositely charged ions in solution are prevented from combining by
hydration spheres.
A blood cell undergoes crenation when it is placed in a(n) ________ solution.
hypertonic
Microvilli are found on cells of the inner surface of the small intestine, where they
increase the absorption of nutrients from digested food.
A gene is a set of specific instructions that
indicates the sequence of amino acids in a protein molecule.
The correct order of phases in the cell cycle is
interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
which of the following is not considered an abdominopelvic region
left lumbar
A cell can increase how fast a substance diffuses across its plasma membrane by inserting channels, which modify the
membrane's permeability to the substance.
The proper distribution of a somatic cell's genetic material to two daughter cells is accomplished by the process of
mitosis
if a response decreases a disturbance, the control system in classified as a feedback system
negative
In ________ a stimulus produces a response that opposes or negates the original stimulus.
negative feedback
which of the following is arranged in the correct order form the most complex to the simplest
organism,system,organ,tissue,cellular, molecular
the chemical behavior of an atom is determined by the
outer most electron shell
The chemical behavior of an atom is determined by the
outermost electron shell.
The thoracic cavity contains the
pericardial and pleural cavities.
the thoracic cavity contains the
pericardial and pleural cavities.
Molecules with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate group that form biological membranes are called
phospholipids.
Identify the branch of biological science that deals with the study of how living organisms perform their vital functions.
physiology
The duplication of DNA is called ________, the copying of DNA to mRNA is called ________, and the reading of the mRNA by the cell to make a protein is called ________.
replication; transcription; translation
Which plane divides the body into right and left parts?
sagittal
Functions of the plasma membrane include all of the following except
thermal insulation.
All of the following are true of neurons except that
they are a very specialized form of connective tissue.
which of the following descriptors is false regarding enzymes
they are consumed during the reaction
In DNA replication,
two copies are made of each chromosome, and each copy contains one of the DNA strands from the original chromosome.