Anatomy & Physiology I Chapter 5 Quiz

The conductive cells of nervous tissue are called _____________.

neurons

A structure composed of two or more tissues that work together to perform even more complex functions is called a(n) _____________.

organ

The outermost layer of the pleural membrane is the

parietal pleura

The type of epithelium that would best allow rapid diffusion, osmosis, or filtration is ____________ epithelium.

simple squamous

Leukocytes are commonly called _____ blood cells.

white

Check the functions of connective tissue.

- supporting the internal frame of the body - energy storage - hormone transport - protecting the vital organs - forming the structural framework of the liver

Select all that occur as a result of tissue aging.

-Epithelia become thinner -Nervous tissue atropy -Bones become brittle

Select all the cells that remain in a connective tissue, helping to support, maintain, and repair the extracellular matrix.

-Fibroblasts -Mesenchymal cells -Adipocytes

Select all the molecules that may be found in ground substance.

-Glycosaminoglycans -Chondroitin sulfate -Proteoglycans -Fibronectin

Which statements characterize the ground substance of connective tissues?

-It consists of proteins, carbohydrates, and water. -It can be fluid, semisolid, or solid.

Check all of the statements that are true regarding the structure and functions of nervous tissue.

-Nervous tissue contains neurons and glial cells. -Neurons are often the longest cells in the body due to the length of the axons. -The short, branched processes that extend from the neuron cell body are called dendrites.

Ligaments are very strong but resistant to stretch. Which protein fiber probably predominates?

Collagen

Which feature of a holocrine gland will distinguish it from merocrine and apocrine glands?

Secretions are released by rupture of whole cells

Because different mutations of the fibrillin-1 gene result in different amounts of fibrillin-1 production, the symptoms and physical findings of Marfan syndrome are not consistent from patient to patient. Consequently, making the diagnosis is not as straightforward as one might think. In fact, the diagnostic criteria today are based largely on the size of the aorta, a person's family history, and DNA analysis of the firbillin-1 gene. Although helpful in recognizing at-risk individuals, a person's height and limb-length are no longer significant in making the diagnosis. Presently, there is no cure for Marfan syndrome. The major goal is to slow the progression of the cardiovascular component. Regular checks with a cardiologist to monitor blood pressure, heart valves, and aortic diameter is central to management. Keeping blood pressure as low as is safe helps slow the dilation of the aorta. Surgical replacement of fail

1. All of these choices are correct. a family history of Marfan's syndrome. imaging studies showing aortic dilation. DNA studies of the fibrillin-1 gene of a suspected patient. 2.blood pressure control. Correct

Which nerve cell process receives incoming signals and transmits them to the cell body?

Dendrite

Which of the following is not a function of simple columnar epithelium?

Filtration

Label the different tissue types in this section of the stomach wall. Some labels may be used more than once.

Look at figure 5.11

The layer of the pleural membrane that is attached to the surface of the lung is the

visceral pleura.

When a sperm fertilizes an egg, the diploid cell is called a __________.

zygote

Check all of the statements that are correct regarding the classification of exocrine glands.

-Compound glands exhibit branched ducts. -Tubular glands have uniform diameter of the duct and secretory portions. -A gland whose secretory cells form an expanded sac is an acinar gland.

Select all that apply to ground substance.

-It is nonliving -It may contain hyaluronic acid

Select all that are functions of neurons and glial cells.

-Receive nerve impulses -Protect neurons -Nourish neurons

Match the characteristic given to one of the types of muscles. -Cardiac muscle -Both cardiac and skeletal muscle -Smooth muscle -Skeletal muscle

1. Cells or fibers appear striated (banded) -Both cardiac and skeletal muscle 2. Cells are large, long, and cylindrical, with many nuclei located at the periphery -Skeletal muscle 3. Pumps the blood -Cardiac muscle 4. Moves the body -Skeletal muscle 5. Cells are branched and connected to one another by intercalated discs -Cardiac muscle 6. Is under voluntary (conscious) control -Skeletal muscle 7. Controls the amount of light entering the eye -Smooth muscle 8. Is located in the heart -Cardiac muscle

Match these cells found in connective tissues to their functions. -Adipocytes -Fibroblasts -Osteoclasts -Osteoblasts -Osteocytes -Mast cells -Fibrocytes -Macrophages

1. Cells that form fibers and ground substance in the extracellular matrix -fibroblasts 2. Cells that form bone -osteoblasts 3. Cells that maintain bone -osteocytes 4. Cells that break down bone -osteoclasts 5. Cells that store lipids -adipocytes

Match these cells and fibers found in connective tissues to their functions. -Elastic fibers -Reticular fibers -Collagen fibers

1. Fibers that are flexible but resist stretching -Collagen fibers 2. Fibers that branch to form a supporting network -Reticular fibers 3. Fibers that can recoil to their original shape -Elastic fibers

Match the characteristic given to one of the types of muscles. -Skeletal muscle -Smooth muscle -Cardiac muscle -Both cardiac and skeletal muscle

1. Regulates the size of organs -Smooth muscle 2. Cells are tapered at each end -Smooth muscle 3. Attached to bone or other connective tissue -Skeletal muscle 4. Cells are cylindrical and striated -Skeletal muscle 5. Cells are not striated -Smooth muscle 6. Forces fluid through tubes -Smooth muscle 7. Raises the hairs in the skin -Smooth muscle 8. Is located in hollow organs, such as the stomach and small and large intestines -Smooth muscle

Match each example given to one of the five general functions of epithelial tissues. -Permitting the passage of substances -Protecting underlying structures -Acting as barriers -Absorbing substances -Secreting substances

1. The outermost layer of the skin (the epidermis) protects the underlying structures from the environment. -Permitting the passage of substances 2. The epithelium of the skin is a barrier to water and reduces water loss from the body. -Acting as barriers 3. The epithelium of the skin prevents the entry of many toxic molecules and microorganisms into the body. -Acting as barriers 4. Simple squamous epithelium allows carbon dioxide to diffuse from the blood into the lungs. -Permitting the passage of substances 5. Mucous glands and the enzyme-secreting portions of the pancreas secrete their products into ducts that subsequently deliver their products to other areas of the body. -Secreting substances 6. The plasma membranes of certain epithelial tissues contain carrier proteins that regulate the absorption of materials. -Absorbing substances 7. The epithelium of the oral cavity protects the underlying structures from food as it is being chewed. -Protecting underlying structures 8. The epithelial cells of the intestine absorb digested food molecules, vitamins, and ions. -Absorbing substances

Complete the following multiple choice questions that describe different connective tissue types. -Dense regular connective tissue -Reticular loose connective -Loose connective tissue -Hyaline cartilage -Bone

1. What type of tissue supports epithelium? -Loose connective tissue 2. Which of the following tissues has cells residing in lacunae? -Hyaline cartilage 3. Osteocytes are residents of ________ tissue. -bone 4. Tendons and ligaments are primarily made of -dense regular connective tissue 5. The structure of the spleen and lymph nodes are composed mainly of -reticular connective tissue

Marfan Syndrome is a rare disorder of the connective tissue caused by a mutation on the fifteenth chromosome. This syndrome is characterized by improper biogenesis and maintenance of elastin fibers in the extracellular matrix, which has an effect on the physical appearance of a person. People with Marfan syndrome tend to be unusually tall, with long limbs and long, thin fingers. They may have abnormal spine and sternum curvatures, stooped shoulders, and suffer from joint pain. Historians have long wondered if Abraham Lincoln, our sixteenth President, might have had this condition. Marfan syndrome is inherited as a dominant trait and results from a defective gene that codes for fibrillin-1, a protein critical in the extracellular assemblage and maintenance of elastin fibers. It also appears to play an important, although not well understood, role in preventing the premature breakdown and removal of elastin. Thus a pe

1. a mutation of the fibrillin-1 gene on the 15th chromosome. 2. In the extracellular matrix, fibrillin-1 aids in assemblage and maintenance of elastin fibers.

So, did Abraham Lincoln suffer from Marfan's syndrome? Possibly. Based on photographs, and several descriptions of his physique, the idea seems plausible. Photographs show Lincoln all but towering over others in the picture, often by at least a full head in height. Pictures also reveal elongated limbs, as well as long and thin fingers, a condition known as arachnodactyly (the term derived from the Greek word for spider). A physical description that comes from one of Lincoln's law partners details a narrow and sunken chest (pectus excavatum), yet another common finding of Marfan's syndrome. To definitely answer the question, one would need only to take a small sample of tissue (even hair if the sample contained the roots) to check for the presence of the defective fibrillin-1 gene. Such studies are routinely done on archeological specimens such as mummies and even dry bones, but it seems unlikely that Abraham Lincoln

1. long and spider-like fingers. 2. Yes

Match the type of muscle tissue with its description.

Cardiac Muscle Tissue -Striated; Involuntary Skeletal Muscle Tissue -Striated; voluntary Smooth Muscle Tissue -No striations; involuntary

Janice is a 79-year-old woman recently admitted to the ER with a fractured hip after a fall. Which of the following is a common tissue change that occurs with aging and could inhibit her recovery?

Decrease in the amount of connective tissue

From which primary germ layer is the epidermis of the skin derived?

Ectoderm

The visible part of the ear has the ability to stretch significantly, and then recoil back to its original position. Which protein fiber must be present?

Elastic

Click and drag each label into the appropriate category according to which type of gland it pertains.

Endocrine -Secretes hormones -Releases products into the bloodstream -An example is the gland that secretes cortisol Exocrine -Secretes enzymes -Releases products into a duct or onto a surface -Goblet cells -Contains septa, dividing the gland into lobes -Sweat glands

Read each of the given tissue descriptions, then click and drag them into the appropriate category to identify from which primary germ layer each was derived.

Endoderm -pancreas -thymus gland -gallbladder Mesoderm -spleen -kidneys -ovaries -biceps brachii Ectoderm -the lens of the eye

Click and drag each label to the appropriate category regarding the cells of connective tissue.

Fibroblast -produces the ground substance of areolar tissue -found in dense regular connective tissue Leukocyte -reacts to bacteria -component of fluid connective tissue Osteoblast -secretes hydroxyapatite -found in the femur Chondroblast -secretes cartilage matrix of hyaline cartilage -associated with tissue that lines movable joints

Place the following terms or examples with the correct category.

Glycosaminoglycans - heparin sulfate - chondroitin sulfate - completely composed of carbs - hyaluronic acid Adherent Glycoproteins - bond fibers and cells to the ground substance Proteoglycans - over 90% of structure is carbs - GAGs attached to a protein

Consider the three different types of cell change below. Click and drag the phrases into the appropriate category.

Hyperplasia -Cells grow in number -Most childhood tissues grow this way -Achieved via cell division Hypertrophy -Cells grow in size -Muscle tissue grows this way -Adipose tissue grows this way Neoplasia -Abnormal, nonfunctioning tissue -Tumor cells

Label the types of epithelium based on their number of layers. Label cell types by shape. Not all terms will be used.

Look at figure 5.2

Label the types of simple exocrine glands based on their structural classification.

Look at figure 5.6

Classify the exocrine glands based on their mode of secretion.

Look at figure 5.7

Correctly label the parts of an exocrine gland.

Look at figure 5.7

Correctly label the following areas on a slide of areolar connective tissue.

Look at figure 5.8

Drag each label into the appropriate position to identify whether the statement depicts something true or false about the specimen pictured below.

Look at table 5.10 True -Usually uni- or binucleated -Involuntarily controlled -Centrally located nuclei -Contains striations False -Cylindrical shape -Found in walls of hollow organs such as the stomach -Contains little to no blood supply

Label the components of nervous tissue.

Look at table 5.11

Place the following terms or examples with the correct category.

Mesenchyme -Found throughout the body of the embryo and fetus -Common origin for all other connective tissue Mucous Connective Tissue -Has more immature protein fiber content -Supports structures in the umbilical cord -Found in the umbilical cord of the fetus -Also known as Wharton's jelly

Match the type of embryonic connective tissue with its description.

Mesenchyme -The source of all other connective tissues Mucous Connective Tissue -Found in the umbilical cord only.

Match the type of tissue change with its description.

Metaplasia -Mature epithelium changes to a different form of mature epithelium Neoplasia -Tumor develops as a result of out-of-control growth Hyperplasia -Increase in number of cells in a tissue Atrophy -Shrinkage of tissue Hypertrophy -Increase in size of existing cells

Place the following terms or examples with the correct membrane category.

Mucous -Lines passageways that open to the external environment -Performs absorptive, protective, and secretory functions Serous -Has simple squamous epithelium called mesothelium -Has parietal and visceral layers Synovial -Has epithelial cells but no basement membrane -Produces a fluid that reduces friction between bones Cutaneous -Is the largest membrane -Has keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Drag each label into the appropriate position to match the tissue characteristic to its class.

Muscular Tissue -Excitable cells that are cylindrical, branching, or spindle shaped. -Heavily vascularized, which denotes high rates of energy consumption. Nervous Tissue -Includes excitable cells with numerous cellular extensions connecting adjacent cells to one another. Epithelial Tissue - Made up of glandular tissues. -Always maintains a basement membrane and an apical (free) surface. -Cells are sometimes well-adapted for secretory and/or absorptive functions. Connective Tissue -Most varied of the tissue types. -Serves as a transitional tissue between two different tissue types.

Organs are composed of more than one tissue type working together to perform a specific set of functions. The small intestine shown here is lined with a mucous membrane, contains neurons that control muscle contraction, and has an abundance of blood vessels. Drag each of the labels to the appropriate position in order to identify whether the small intestine is likely to include the indicated tissue type.

Present -nervous tissue -blook -simple columnar epithelium Not Present -Fibrocartilage -Skeletal muscle -Stratified cuboidal epithelium -Dense regular connective tissue -Pseudostratified epithelium

Match the type of connective tissue proper with its location in the body.

Reticular -stroma of spleen and liver Elastic -walls of large arteries Dense Irregular -dermis and periosteum Dense Regular -tendons and ligaments Adipose -subcutaneous layer

Place the following terms or examples with the correct category.

Serous -covers the heart -covers the intestines -lines the cavity with abdominal organs Synovial -lines joint cavities Cutaneous -covers the body Mucous -lines the intestines

Match the items given with the appropriate category.

Serous Membrane -Composed of mesothelium and underlying layer of connective tissue Cutaneous Membrane -Keratinized squamous epithelium and an underlying layer of connective tissue Synovial Membrane -Composed of either fibrous, adipose, or areolar tissue Mucous Membrane -Composed of an epithelia and an underlying lamina propria

What is found in the space between the pleural layers?

Serous fluid

Match the epithelial tissue type with the example of a location where it would be found in the body.

Simple Cuboidal -Ducts of exocrine glands Nonciliated Simple Columnar -Lining of most of the digestive tract Simple Squamous -Lining of alveoli Ciliated Simple Columnar -Lining of uterine tubes

Which type of epithelium is shown in this figure?

Simple epithelium

Epithelial tissue

cells can be cube or column shaped.

Endocrine glands secrete products called _____________.

hormones

During childhood, an example of _______ occurs when the liver increases in size as hepatocytes undergo cell division.

hyperplasia

The type of epithelial tissue that is only one cell-layer thick is called __________; the type of epithelial tissue that is two or more cell-layers thick is called _________.

simple; stratified

This type of muscle lacks striations and is found in the walls of most viscera such as the stomach and blood vessels.

smooth