Anatomy & Physiology II Unit 2

Inadequate hormone release is called hyposecretion. It can result from __________.

All of the choices are correct.

The endocrine system is comprised of __________ that secrete hormones.

All of the choices are correct.

Click and drag each of the sensations below to identify whether it is associated with the general senses or the special senses.

General Senses: Noticing that your skin is cold. Describing the texture of an object. Feeling the weight of an object in your hand. Feeling the pain of a hot stove.

Stimulus Origin

Interoreceptors, Exteroreceptors

Correctly match each type of sensation with the type of nerve ending it stimulates.

Lamellar Corpuscles: deep pressure, tickle, itch and vibration. Tactile Corpuscles: light touch and texture (found in dermal papillae) Hair Receptors: bending of hairs on the skin Tactile Discs: textures, edges and shapes Free Nerve Endings: warm and cold receptors, as well as nociceptors

Which of the following are examples of the kind of information obtained from sensory receptors? Check all that apply.

Membrane Potential

Peptide

Oxytocin, Insulin, Glucagon, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

Which of the following is considered a special sense? Check all that apply.

Pain

Which of the following is not a way that receptors are classified?

by sensory projection

Pitch

determined by the frequencies of sound waves, measured in Hertz, a person singing in high C, cycles per second

As the number of cycles per second increases, the sound we perceive __________.

gets higher

Target organs regulate the pituitary through feedback loops. Most often, this is in the form of __________.

negative feedback inhibition

The hypothalamus controls the posterior pituitary by way of __________.

neuroendocrine reflexes

Middle Ear Structure

Incus, Tensor Tympani Muscle, Auditory Tube

Which of the following is not a general sense?

Equilibrium

A receptor is an axon that carries sensory impulses to the spinal cord's dorsal horn of gray matter.

False

Our brain perceives different colors because each cone responds to a different wavelength on the visual spectrum.

False

Outer Ear Structure

Helix, Auricle, Auditory Canal, Lobule

Which of the following statements is true regarding olfaction? Check all that apply.

Humans can only distinguish up to 200 odors. When olfactory receptors are stimulated a receptor potential is created.

Monoamine

Norepinephrine, Thyroid Hormone, Dopamine

Choose the correct statement(s) on how cells regulate their sensitivity to circulating hormones. Check all that apply.

Receptors chemically change their ligands, Receptors do not exhibit enzyme-like specificity and saturation

Receptor Distribution

Receptors widely distributed in the skin, receptors associated with cranial nerves

Which of the following is a true statement regarding photoreceptors? Check all that apply.

Rods are associated with photopic vision, There are more cones than rods.

Inner Ear Structure

Semicircular Ducts, Vestibule, Cochlea

Click and drag each of the sensations below to identify whether it is associated with the general senses or the special senses.

Special Senses: Identifying the aroma of chocolate chip cookies. Recognizing your friend's face. Feeling the movement of an amusement park ride. Listening to music.

Steroid

Testosterone, Cortisol, Estrone

Choose the accurate statement(s) about how communication by the nervous and endocrine systems differ. Check all that apply.

The nervous system adapts relatively slowly and may respond for days to weeks, The endocrine system stops quickly when stimulus stops.

Identify the ways in which the anterior pituitary differs from the posterior pituitary. Check all the apply.

The posterior pituitary secretes gonadotropins, Oxytocin is secreted by the anterior pituitary

Stimulus Modality

Thermoreceptors, Chemoreceptors, Photoreceptors, Nociceptors

Prostaglandins promote ovulation and formation of the corpus luteum. They also induce labor contractions.

True

The hypothalamus secretes eight hormones, six to regulate the anterior pituitary and two that are stored in the posterior pituitary.

True

Nervous System

communicates by means of electrical impulses, usually has relatively local, specific effects, stops quickly when stimulus stops, releases neurotransmitters at synapses, reacts quickly to stimuli

Endocrine System

communicates by means of hormones, sometimes has very general effects, may continue responding long after stimulus stops, releases hormones into the bloodstream for general distribution, reacts more slowly to stimuli

Loudness

measured in decibels, how far back and forth the cone vibrates on each cycle, sound intensity, amplitude of sound wave

The rate of hormone removal is called the __________, and the length of time required to clear 50% of the hormone from the blood is the __________.

metabolic clearance rate; half-life

Endocrine Glands

secretions are distributed through the bloodstream, secretions serve as a form of cell-to-cell communication, secretions belong to 3 chemical categories: steroids, monoamines, and peptides, glands exhibit a high density of capillaries

Exocrine Glands

secretions are released via ducts onto epithelial tissues, secretions serve to lubricate mucosal membranes, secretions might contain metabolic waste, secretions may have antimicrobial properties

A structure composed of nervous tissue along with other tissues that enhance its response to a certain type of stimulus is called a(n) __________.

sense organ