Anatomy and Physiology Lecture Exam 21, 22, 23
The permanent dentition consists of __________ teeth in a full set.
32
__________, or lung collapse, is a homeostatic imbalance that occurs when a bronchiole becomes plugged.
Atelectasis
Match the following terms with their correct descriptions. Using the drop-down menus, match each numbered item on the left with a lettered item on the right.
Carbohydrates - C Protein - B Lipids - A Nuclei acids - D
__________ is/are NOT found in pancreatic secretions.
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Henry's law states that the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressures exerted independently by each gas in the mixture.
False
Lung cancer is among the easiest forms of cancer to successfully treat and cure.
False
Saliva contains enzymes that break down proteins.
False
The respiratory zone is composed of the trachea and the paranasal sinuses.
False
Which of the following is NOT a function of the conducting zone of the respiratory tract?
Gas exchange
Which of the following products does the stomach produce?
HCl and intrinsic factor
__________ circulation collects nutrient-rich blood from the GI tract and delivers it to the liver.
Hepatic portal
Which of the following is a characteristic of the large intestine?
It contains epiploic appendages.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the liver?
It has three lobes
Which of the following statements about the mesentery is INCORRECT?
It is composed of a layer of serous membrane fused with a layer of mucous membrane
Which of the following is NOT a function of the trachealis muscle?
It prevents the trachea from collapsing and keeps it patent despite the pressure changes that take place during breathing.
Which of the following statements about voice production is INCORRECT?
Loudness of voice depends on the size of the vocal cords.
Match the following terms to their correct descriptions. Using the drop-down menus, match each numbered item on the left with a lettered item on the right.
Mucosa - B Submucosa - C Serosa - A Muscular externa - D
What intestinal structure(s) consist(s) of protective aggregated nodules of lymphocytes and macrophages?
Peyer's patches
__________ is the inflammation of the nasal mucosa accompanied by excessive mucus production, nasal congestion, and postnasal drip.
Rhinitis
Which of the following occurs during infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS)?
The baby is unable to keep his or her alveoli inflated between breaths because of a lack of surfactant.
A weak gastroesophageal (cardiac) sphincter can result in heartburn.
True
Diarrhea results when food passes too quickly through the large intestine.
True
Emphysema is distinguished by permanent enlargement of the alveoli and loss of lung elasticity.
True
Henry's law states that when a gas is in contact with a liquid, that gas will dissolve in the liquid in proportion to its partial pressure.
True
Most digestion occurs in the small intestine.
True
The bronchial, or respiratory, tree branches approximately 23 times within the lungs
True
The enteric nervous system is the in-house nerve supply of the alimentary canal.
True
The two lungs differ in shape and size.
True
Which of the following would NOT be found in a "blue bloater"?
Weight loss
Which of the following is the most common cause of peritonitis?
a burst appendix
Many of the early food allergies seen in infants are caused by __________.
absorption of whole proteins
The __________ are the main site of gas exchange within the lungs.
alveoli
What enzyme, which is ideally located in the lung capillary membrane of the pulmonary circuit, acts on material in the blood, thereby activating an important blood pressure hormone?
angiotensin converting enzyme
In the alveoli, the partial pressure of oxygen is __________.
approximately 104 millimeters of mercury
Which form of CO2 transport accounts for the greatest amount of CO2 transported in blood?
as bicarbonate ions in plasma
What substances from different organs would mix together at the hepatopancreatic ampulla?
bile and pancreatic enzymes
Which respiratory structure has the smallest diameter?
bronchiole
Approximately 20% of carbon dioxide is transported in the blood as _________
carbaminohemoglobin
Some aspects of the __________ phase of gastric secretion, which occur before food enters the stomach, may be considered conditioned reflexes.
cephalic
The phases of gastric secretion, from first to last, are __________.
cephalic phase, gastric phase, intestinal phase
Which of the following is NOT a function of the stomach?
chemical digestion of carbohydrates
Which of the following cells produce pepsinogen?
chief cells
Most of the carbon dioxide transported by the blood is __________
converted to bicarbonate ions and transported in plasma
What would be the effect of stripping the small intestines of their villi?
decreased surface area for absorption
In order to prevent self-digestion of the pancreas, activation of pancreatic proteases occurs in the __________.
duodenum
The __________ is the first segment of the small intestine.
duodenum
All of the following would be caused by breathing excessively high concentrations of oxygen for a long period EXCEPT __________
emphysema
Which of the following would NOT cause atelectasis?
loss of lung elasticity
The __________ is covered by a mucosa containing taste buds and keeps food out of the lower respiratory passages.
epiglottis
The elastic cartilage that shields the opening to the larynx during swallowing is the __________.
epiglottis
Which of the following is NOT involved in respiration?
external ventilation
Bile is stored and concentrated in the __________.
gallbladder
Which regulatory chemical stimulates gastric gland activity and motility?
gastrin
During deglutition, the bolus passes into the stomach from the esophagus through the __________.
gastroesophageal sphincter
Which form of hypoxia occurs when body cells are unable to use O2 even though adequate amounts are delivered? (This type of hypoxia is usually the consequence of metabolic poisons, such as cyanide.)
histotoxic hypoxia
The increase in ventilation in response to metabolic needs is called __________
hyperpnea
Which of the following terms describes the increase in depth and force of breathing that occurs during vigorous exercise?
hyperpnea
Which of the following conditions would NOT decrease the total respiratory compliance?
increase in lung compliance
Halitosis is caused by __________.
increased anaerobic bacterial activity at the back of the tongue
Which of the following is NOT an accessory organ of the digestive system?
intestines
The transpulmonary pressure is the difference between the __________ and the __________ pressure.
intrapulmonary; intrapleural
Bacterial flora in the large intestine does NOT produce __________
intrinsic factor
Which of the following is a condition affecting the large intestine that is NOT explained by anatomical or biochemical abnormalities?
irritable bowel syndrome
The dorsal respiratory group __________.
is located near the root of cranial nerve IX
Emulsification of which organic molecules would be most affected if the liver were severely damaged?
lipids
Involuntary hyperventilation during an anxiety attack can cause a person to become faint because of __________.
lowered CO2 levels in the blood and consequent constriction of cerebral blood vessels
Which of the following control(s) the respiratory rate?
medulla
Digestion of carbohydrates and proteins by brush border enzymes occurs within the __________ of the small intestine.
microvilli
HCl and intrinsic factor
monosaccharides
Which sequence below represents the correct order of the tunics of the GI tract, starting from the layer adjacent to the lumen and moving superficially?
mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa
The myxovirus causes __________.
mumps
The digestive system in a cadaver is longer than in a living person because, in a cadaver, there is NO _________
muscle tone
The myenteric nerve plexus is located in which tunic of the alimentary canal?
muscularis externa
Which of the following lists the regions of the pharynx from superior to inferior?
nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
Which of the following gases has NO effect in the blood until hyperbaric conditions occur, such as in scuba diving, and can form bubbles in blood when an individual surfaces too quickly?
nitrogen
Hemoglobin has a tendency to release oxygen where __________
pH is more acidic
Which of the following cells produce HCl?
parietal cells
Which of the following conditions is directly associated with an increased risk for heart disease and stroke?
periodontitis
The main propulsive force that occurs in the majority of the alimentary canal is called __________.
peristalsis
What are the main organic molecules digested in the stomach?
proteins
Which tissue lines the trachea?
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
The movement of air into and out of the lungs is called __________.
pulmonary ventilation
Most water is absorbed in the __________.
small intestine
The major site for nutrient absorption is the __________.
small intestine
Which of the following nonrespiratory movements is caused by irritation of the nasal cavity?
sneezing
The pontine respiratory group is responsible for all of the following functions EXCEPT __________.
stimulating the contraction of the diaphragm
Which of the following is a function of the gallbladder?
storing and concentrating bile
The __________ is the elastic connective tissue found within the lungs.
stroma
Which substance, produced by type II alveolar cells, decreases alveolar surface tension?
surfactant
Airway resistance is insignificant in relationship to gas flow because __________.
the airways branch extensively as they get smaller, resulting in a huge total cross-sectional area
The short reflexes in the digestive system are stimulated by __________.
the enteric nerve plexuses
During inspiration, air moves into the lungs because __________
the gas pressure in the lungs becomes lower than the outside pressure as the diaphragm contracts
Alveolar ventilation rate is __________
the movement of air into and out of the alveoli during a particular time
The only stomach function that is essential to life is __________.
the secretion of intrinsic factor
During the intestinal phase of gastric regulation, __________.
the stomach is initially stimulated and later inhibited
What type of pressure keeps the air spaces in the lungs open?
transpulmonary
Which of the following are the hairs within the nasal cavity that filter coarse particles, such as pollen and dust, from inspired air?
vibrissae
The serous membrane that covers the external surfaces of most digestive organs is called the __________.
visceral
Of the respiratory measurements listed, which one normally has the greatest value?
vital capacity
Which of the following teeth are most commonly impacted?
wisdom teeth