Anatomy and Physiology Lecture Exam 21, 22, 23

The permanent dentition consists of __________ teeth in a full set.

32

__________, or lung collapse, is a homeostatic imbalance that occurs when a bronchiole becomes plugged.

Atelectasis

Match the following terms with their correct descriptions. Using the drop-down menus, match each numbered item on the left with a lettered item on the right.

Carbohydrates - C Protein - B Lipids - A Nuclei acids - D

__________ is/are NOT found in pancreatic secretions.

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Henry's law states that the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressures exerted independently by each gas in the mixture.

False

Lung cancer is among the easiest forms of cancer to successfully treat and cure.

False

Saliva contains enzymes that break down proteins.

False

The respiratory zone is composed of the trachea and the paranasal sinuses.

False

Which of the following is NOT a function of the conducting zone of the respiratory tract?

Gas exchange

Which of the following products does the stomach produce?

HCl and intrinsic factor

__________ circulation collects nutrient-rich blood from the GI tract and delivers it to the liver.

Hepatic portal

Which of the following is a characteristic of the large intestine?

It contains epiploic appendages.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the liver?

It has three lobes

Which of the following statements about the mesentery is INCORRECT?

It is composed of a layer of serous membrane fused with a layer of mucous membrane

Which of the following is NOT a function of the trachealis muscle?

It prevents the trachea from collapsing and keeps it patent despite the pressure changes that take place during breathing.

Which of the following statements about voice production is INCORRECT?

Loudness of voice depends on the size of the vocal cords.

Match the following terms to their correct descriptions. Using the drop-down menus, match each numbered item on the left with a lettered item on the right.

Mucosa - B Submucosa - C Serosa - A Muscular externa - D

What intestinal structure(s) consist(s) of protective aggregated nodules of lymphocytes and macrophages?

Peyer's patches

__________ is the inflammation of the nasal mucosa accompanied by excessive mucus production, nasal congestion, and postnasal drip.

Rhinitis

Which of the following occurs during infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS)?

The baby is unable to keep his or her alveoli inflated between breaths because of a lack of surfactant.

A weak gastroesophageal (cardiac) sphincter can result in heartburn.

True

Diarrhea results when food passes too quickly through the large intestine.

True

Emphysema is distinguished by permanent enlargement of the alveoli and loss of lung elasticity.

True

Henry's law states that when a gas is in contact with a liquid, that gas will dissolve in the liquid in proportion to its partial pressure.

True

Most digestion occurs in the small intestine.

True

The bronchial, or respiratory, tree branches approximately 23 times within the lungs

True

The enteric nervous system is the in-house nerve supply of the alimentary canal.

True

The two lungs differ in shape and size.

True

Which of the following would NOT be found in a "blue bloater"?

Weight loss

Which of the following is the most common cause of peritonitis?

a burst appendix

Many of the early food allergies seen in infants are caused by __________.

absorption of whole proteins

The __________ are the main site of gas exchange within the lungs.

alveoli

What enzyme, which is ideally located in the lung capillary membrane of the pulmonary circuit, acts on material in the blood, thereby activating an important blood pressure hormone?

angiotensin converting enzyme

In the alveoli, the partial pressure of oxygen is __________.

approximately 104 millimeters of mercury

Which form of CO2 transport accounts for the greatest amount of CO2 transported in blood?

as bicarbonate ions in plasma

What substances from different organs would mix together at the hepatopancreatic ampulla?

bile and pancreatic enzymes

Which respiratory structure has the smallest diameter?

bronchiole

Approximately 20% of carbon dioxide is transported in the blood as _________

carbaminohemoglobin

Some aspects of the __________ phase of gastric secretion, which occur before food enters the stomach, may be considered conditioned reflexes.

cephalic

The phases of gastric secretion, from first to last, are __________.

cephalic phase, gastric phase, intestinal phase

Which of the following is NOT a function of the stomach?

chemical digestion of carbohydrates

Which of the following cells produce pepsinogen?

chief cells

Most of the carbon dioxide transported by the blood is __________

converted to bicarbonate ions and transported in plasma

What would be the effect of stripping the small intestines of their villi?

decreased surface area for absorption

In order to prevent self-digestion of the pancreas, activation of pancreatic proteases occurs in the __________.

duodenum

The __________ is the first segment of the small intestine.

duodenum

All of the following would be caused by breathing excessively high concentrations of oxygen for a long period EXCEPT __________

emphysema

Which of the following would NOT cause atelectasis?

loss of lung elasticity

The __________ is covered by a mucosa containing taste buds and keeps food out of the lower respiratory passages.

epiglottis

The elastic cartilage that shields the opening to the larynx during swallowing is the __________.

epiglottis

Which of the following is NOT involved in respiration?

external ventilation

Bile is stored and concentrated in the __________.

gallbladder

Which regulatory chemical stimulates gastric gland activity and motility?

gastrin

During deglutition, the bolus passes into the stomach from the esophagus through the __________.

gastroesophageal sphincter

Which form of hypoxia occurs when body cells are unable to use O2 even though adequate amounts are delivered? (This type of hypoxia is usually the consequence of metabolic poisons, such as cyanide.)

histotoxic hypoxia

The increase in ventilation in response to metabolic needs is called __________

hyperpnea

Which of the following terms describes the increase in depth and force of breathing that occurs during vigorous exercise?

hyperpnea

Which of the following conditions would NOT decrease the total respiratory compliance?

increase in lung compliance

Halitosis is caused by __________.

increased anaerobic bacterial activity at the back of the tongue

Which of the following is NOT an accessory organ of the digestive system?

intestines

The transpulmonary pressure is the difference between the __________ and the __________ pressure.

intrapulmonary; intrapleural

Bacterial flora in the large intestine does NOT produce __________

intrinsic factor

Which of the following is a condition affecting the large intestine that is NOT explained by anatomical or biochemical abnormalities?

irritable bowel syndrome

The dorsal respiratory group __________.

is located near the root of cranial nerve IX

Emulsification of which organic molecules would be most affected if the liver were severely damaged?

lipids

Involuntary hyperventilation during an anxiety attack can cause a person to become faint because of __________.

lowered CO2 levels in the blood and consequent constriction of cerebral blood vessels

Which of the following control(s) the respiratory rate?

medulla

Digestion of carbohydrates and proteins by brush border enzymes occurs within the __________ of the small intestine.

microvilli

HCl and intrinsic factor

monosaccharides

Which sequence below represents the correct order of the tunics of the GI tract, starting from the layer adjacent to the lumen and moving superficially?

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa

The myxovirus causes __________.

mumps

The digestive system in a cadaver is longer than in a living person because, in a cadaver, there is NO _________

muscle tone

The myenteric nerve plexus is located in which tunic of the alimentary canal?

muscularis externa

Which of the following lists the regions of the pharynx from superior to inferior?

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

Which of the following gases has NO effect in the blood until hyperbaric conditions occur, such as in scuba diving, and can form bubbles in blood when an individual surfaces too quickly?

nitrogen

Hemoglobin has a tendency to release oxygen where __________

pH is more acidic

Which of the following cells produce HCl?

parietal cells

Which of the following conditions is directly associated with an increased risk for heart disease and stroke?

periodontitis

The main propulsive force that occurs in the majority of the alimentary canal is called __________.

peristalsis

What are the main organic molecules digested in the stomach?

proteins

Which tissue lines the trachea?

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

The movement of air into and out of the lungs is called __________.

pulmonary ventilation

Most water is absorbed in the __________.

small intestine

The major site for nutrient absorption is the __________.

small intestine

Which of the following nonrespiratory movements is caused by irritation of the nasal cavity?

sneezing

The pontine respiratory group is responsible for all of the following functions EXCEPT __________.

stimulating the contraction of the diaphragm

Which of the following is a function of the gallbladder?

storing and concentrating bile

The __________ is the elastic connective tissue found within the lungs.

stroma

Which substance, produced by type II alveolar cells, decreases alveolar surface tension?

surfactant

Airway resistance is insignificant in relationship to gas flow because __________.

the airways branch extensively as they get smaller, resulting in a huge total cross-sectional area

The short reflexes in the digestive system are stimulated by __________.

the enteric nerve plexuses

During inspiration, air moves into the lungs because __________

the gas pressure in the lungs becomes lower than the outside pressure as the diaphragm contracts

Alveolar ventilation rate is __________

the movement of air into and out of the alveoli during a particular time

The only stomach function that is essential to life is __________.

the secretion of intrinsic factor

During the intestinal phase of gastric regulation, __________.

the stomach is initially stimulated and later inhibited

What type of pressure keeps the air spaces in the lungs open?

transpulmonary

Which of the following are the hairs within the nasal cavity that filter coarse particles, such as pollen and dust, from inspired air?

vibrissae

The serous membrane that covers the external surfaces of most digestive organs is called the __________.

visceral

Of the respiratory measurements listed, which one normally has the greatest value?

vital capacity

Which of the following teeth are most commonly impacted?

wisdom teeth