Anatomy and physiology of speech mechanisms unit 1

Orbital

Above eyes

Axis

C2

fibro-fatty tissue

Fat in nose

cartilage of nasal septum

front portion of septum

Vertebral Foremen

opening in vertebrae, spinal chord goes through it

Nasal

2 bones that form the bridge of the nose

Zygomatic

2, attached to frontal, maxilla and zygomatic

Condyles

2, attaches to atlas

Temporal

2, damage in area results in damage to language skills

Inferior nasal concha

2, folds/ridges composed of bone; superior, middle, inferior

Palatine

2, irregular bones of the facial skeleton located above the ulva in the throat

Parietal

2, top portion of cranium/skull

Maxilla

2, upper jaw; large part of connection between cranial and facial bones

Sacrum

4 vertebrae, fused together

Nasal notch

A deep notch on the anterior surface of the maxilla

manubrosternal angle

A secondary cartilaginous joint between two parts of sternum manubrium and body

Superficial

Above, towards the outside

Intervertebral disk

Allows us to move, injury, rupture

Ramus

Angle upward

upper extremities

Arms

Posterior nasal spine

At midline, spike/projection backwards

alar cartilage

At tip of nose

articular cartilage

At top and bottom, synovial joint

Zygomatic

Attached to cheek bone

Abduct

Away

Distal

Away from

Distally

Away from

Dorsal trunk

Back

costal cartilage

Bars of cartilage which serve to prolong ribs forward and contribute to elasticity of walls of thorax

Mandibular notch

Between condyloid process and coronoid process

occipitomastoid suture

Between occipital and mastoid bone

coronal suture

Between parietal and frontal bone

squamosal suture

Between squamous portion and frontal bone

Nutrient artery

Blood supply to cells of bone

Corpus

Body of hyoid

Shaft of rib

Body- thin, flat, curved

Spongy bone

Bone filled, at ends

Ethmoid

Bone inside nose, anterior portion of cranium

Alveolar arch

Bone ridge where teeth are housed

occipital lobe

Bone that forms the back and base of the skull

Sphenoid

Bone that makes up back portion and sides of cranium

Maxillary sinus

Bones of the skull have openings, cut down on weight of skull

Greater and lesser wings

Bones projected

Vertebral body

Bones, muscles, tendons and other tissues that reach from the base of the skull to the tailbone

Inferior Articular Facet

Bottom facet

infraoribital margin

Bottom part of eye socket

Angle

Bottom ridge

Neuraxis

Brain

Communication loop

Brain, lungs, larynx, motor nervous/send out in air, received by listener and decode information send response back

Sternum

Breastbone, intercostal nerves

Atlas

C1

Pubic symphasis

Cartilage that allows movement, important for child birth

Frontal sinus

Center of frontal bone

Perpendicular plate

Center structure, midline dividing right/left nostril

Diaphysis

Central part of a long bone

Proximally

Close; towards joint

Clavicle

Collar bone muscle

Sella turcica

Concave indentation in sphenoid bone

Mandibular Fossa

Concave surface in which the mandible sits

lesser cornu

Cone shaped, smaller

Frontal process

Connects to frontal bone

Zygomatic process

Connects to zygomatic bone (cheek bone)

cervical vetebrae

Consists of seven bones (c1-c7)

Median or Sagittarius plane

Divides body through the middle; can move to ends of shoulders; right/ left

Epiphysis

End part of a long bone; disruption in growth plate

Basilar part

End part, on occipital bone

Extension

Extended

Corpus Sterni

Flat bone in middle part of rib cage

Lamina

Flat bone surface, shield like structure

Squamous portion

Flat shield like surface of temporal bone

Flexion

Flexing

Cribriform plate

Floor of cranium behind frontal bone

Frontal

Forehead region, attached to each parietal bone, has 3 points of attachment

Zygomatic process

Forward projection, attaches to zygomatic bone

Premaxilla

Front of maxilla

Synovial joint

Highly specialized tissue that keeps the Articular joint well lubricated and provides nutrients to the Articular surface; rheumatoid arthritis

Incisive Foramen

Hole in maxilla that allows artery/nerves/veins to come through

Medullary cavity

Hollow part of bone that contains bone marrow

Iliac crest

Ilium's top border, largest of 3 bones that make up pelvis, T12-L1

Internal

Inside

Petronius portion

Inside, pyramid shaped, houses middle and inner ear structure, hard surface

Mandible

Jaw

Foremen Magnum

Large opening through which spinal chord descends

Phonatory

Larynx

Supine

Laying on back

Prone

Laying on stomach

lower extremities

Legs

Greater Cornu

Limbs of u

Serous Membrane

Lines internal cavities of the body

Articulatory

Lips, jaw, soft palate, teeth, tongue

Hamulus

Little projection off of plates

lumbar vertebrae

Longest, weight bearing, L1,L2-5

Ischium

Lower and back part of hip bone

Respiratory

Lungs, diaphragm

anatomical position

Lying down with palms and feet up

Zygomatic arch

Made up of zygomatic process and temporal bone

Corpus

Main body, flat; no pathology

Body (corpus)

Main part

Axial skeleton

Major part of body

Articulation

Make precise sounds in a rapid stream of sounds

Horizontal plane

Makes up back part of palate

Palatine process

Makes up roof of mouth; fusion at midline; if not fused- cleft palate

System breakdown results in

Malfunction of part, faulty communication, psychological disturbance

superior and middle nasal conchae

Medial bone projection of ethmoid bone

Medial

Middle

inter maxillary suture

Midline where palatine process is joined

mental symphysis

Midline, where mandible joins from side to side

Mental Foramen

Nerve coming out of hole

Nasal

Nose

Vomer

One of the unpaired facial bones of the skull

External

Outside

Body of scapula

Outside of rib cage; attached to humerus and clavicle; C3-C5

Pubis

Pair of bones forming two sides of pelvis, genital branch nerves

Perpendicular plane

Part of orbital process

Later and medial pterygoic plates

Part of posterior nasal passage

Hyperextension

Past normal extension

Resonatory

Pharynx

axial skeleton

Portion of the skeletal system that consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column

Head of rib

Posterior end

Mastoid portion/process

Posterior part of temporal bone

Periosteum

Protective membrane; no pathology, repairs damage in bones

Tubercle of rib

Raised portion on bone/structure

Plantar Grasp Reflex

Reflex in foot

palmar grasp reflex

Reflex in hand

Angle of rib

Rib is most strongly bent based on proximal part

True ribs

Ribs 1-7, direct cartilage attachment to sternum, lumbar nerves

Floating ribs

Ribs 11-12, make up lower back, lumbar nerves

False ribs

Ribs 8-10, attaches to 7th rib, lumbar nerves

Thoracic vertebrae

Ribs are attached to T1, T2, T3-12

superior costal facet

Ribs form joint with top of vertebrae, spinal nerves

Alveolar process

Ridge where sockets of teeth are housed

Mylohyoid line

Rims inner surface of mandible- goes to hyoid boen

Compact Bone

Shaft; sheet upon sheet

coracoid process

Short projection from shoulder blades; looks like a worm

acromioclavicular joint

Shoulder junction between clavicle and scapula

Peripheral

Side

Transverse projection

Small bony projection off the right and left side of each vertebrae; fracture

Anterior nasal spine

Spike of bone

styloid process

Spike reaching down

Spinous Process

Spine projection you see in someone

Coronoid process

Structure of jaw

bone

Supporting framework of body

Caudally

Tail

Adduct

Towards

lateral nasal cartilage

Triangular in shape

Sacrum

Triangular shaped bone at bottom of spine

iguinal ligament

Two bands that connect the oblique muscles of the abdomen to the pelvis

sagittal suture

Two parietal bones right down middle

Deep

Underneath

Trunk or torso

Upper body

Manubrium

Upper part of sternum, intercostal nerves

Ilium

Uppermost and largest part of hip bone

Crista galli

Upward bone projection on floor of cranium

Coccyx

Varies, 2-5; tailbone

Superior Articular Facet

Works like a hinge with the inferior Articular facet, facet joint syndrome

Hyoid bone

a U-shaped bone in the neck that supports the tongue.

inferior costal facet

a site where a rib forms a joint with the inferior aspect of the body of a thoracic vertebra, spinal nerve

Transverse costal facet

a site where a rib forms a joint with the transverse process of a thoracic vertebra, spinal nerves

Abdomen

belly

Lambdoidal suture

between occipital and parietal bones

premaxillary suture

between premaxilla and palatine processes, site of cleft lip

appendicular skeleton

bones of the shoulder, pelvis, and upper and lower extremities

Thorax

chest

Sternum

chest bone

pectoral girdle

clavicle and scapula

coronal plane

divides body into front and back; anywhere from outer part of back to outer part of front; anterior/posterior

Tympanic portion

external auditory meatus

Neck of rib

flattened portion which extends laterally from the head

Cranium

head

pelvic girdle

hip bones

Pelvis

hips

transverse plane

horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions; anywhere from head to feet, top/ bottom

Acromion of scapula

large bony projection on the superior end of the scapula

xiphoid process

lower part of sternum

Humerus

upper arm bone

Femur

upper leg bone; thigh bone