Anatomy Ch. 14 connect
Select all that apply The brain barrier system (BBS) consists of which of the following? -Blood-CSF barrier -Blood-brain barrier -Dura mater -Circumventricular organs
-Blood-CSF barrier -blood-brain barrier
Select all that apply Which cranial nerves begin or end in the pons? -VIII -VI -VII -IX -X -V
-VIII -VI -VII -V
Select all that apply Which of the molecules listed below can pass through the blood-brain barrier? -Caffeine -Glucose -Oxygen -Macrophages -Antibodies
-caffeine -glucose -oxygen
Select all that apply Which are the main components of the cerebral peduncles? -Inferior colliculi -Cerebral crus -Superior colliculi -Tegmentum -Substantia nigra
-cerebral crus -tegmentum -substantia nigra
Select all that apply Which structures are located in the diencephalon? -Epithalamus -Hypothalamus -Cerebellum -Thalamus -Pons
-epithalamus -hypothalamus -thalamus
Select all that apply The embryonic hindbrain consists of which secondary vesicles? Chose two from the list below. -Metencephalon -Mesencephalon -Telencephalon -Myelencephalon
-metencephalon -myelencephalon
Select all that apply Which are functions of CSF? -Sensation -Protection -Buoyancy -Chemical stability
-protection -buoyancy -chemical stability
Select all that apply The thalamus does which of the following? -Regulates emotional memory formation -Processes many types of sensory information -Secretes hormones that control the anterior pituitary -Relays motor signals from the cerebral cortex
-regulates emotional memory formation -processes many types of sensory information -relays motor signals from the cerebral cortex
Select all that apply Which tracts run through the pons? -Tectospinal tract -Medial lemniscus -Optic tract -Olfactory tract
-tectospinal tract -medial lemniscus
Which embryonic brain regions develop into the forebrain? -Telencephalon -Metencephalon -Diencephalon -Myelencephalon
-telencephalon -diencephalon
How much CSF does the brain produce per day? -160 mL -0 ml -100 mL -500 mL
500 mL
Dehydration stimulates the hypothalamus to produce which of the following? -Testosterone -Urine -Antidiuretic hormone -Cerebrospinal fluid
Antidiuretic hormone
How would you classify the fiber tracts passing through the medulla? -Neither ascending nor descending tracts -Ascending sensory tracts only -Both ascending sensory and descending motor tracts -Descending motor tracts only
Both ascending sensory and descending motor tracts
The blood-brain barrier consists of tight junctions between which of the following? -Neurons and glial cells -Circumventricular organs -Capillary endothelial cells -Oligodendrocytes
Capillary endothelial cells
Which statement about the reticular formation is true? -It is a loose web of gray matter that runs through multiple levels of the brainstem. -It is a cluster of nuclei located deep within the cerebral hemispheres. -It consists of four bulges on the posterior aspect of the midbrain. -It consists of multiple descending fiber tracts within the spinal cord.
It is a loose web of gray matter that runs through multiple levels of the brainstem.
The vasomotor center of the reticular formation does which of the following? -Regulates the rhythm and depth of breathing -Regulates blood pressure and flow by dilating and constricting blood vessels -Regulates the rate and force of the heartbeat -Regulates sensory input to the parasympathetic system
Regulates blood pressure and flow by dilating and constricting blood vessels
Which is the definition of the term "rostral"? -In front of the head; toward the spinal cord or lower (vertical) -Behind the tail; away from the spinal cord or higher (vertical) -Toward the tail; toward the spinal cord or lower (vertical) -Toward the nose; toward the forehead; or higher (vertical)
Toward the nose; toward the forehead; or higher (vertical)
Which structures reabsorb CSF from the subarachnoid space? -Choroid plexus -Subdural plexus -Interventricular foramina -Arachnoid granulations
arachnoid granulations
Neural crest cells give rise to which of the following? -Arachnoid mater and microglia -Dura mater and arachnoid mater -Arachnoid mater and pia mater -Pia mater and microglia
arachnoid mater and pia mater
Which term refers to the white matter located in the deeper aspects of the cerebellum exhibiting a branching fern-like pattern? -Deep nuclei -Folia -Arbor vitae -Cerebellar peduncles
arbor vitae
Where is the reticular formation located? -The cerebellum -Only in the medulla oblongata -Brainstem and spinal cord
brainstem and spinal cord
Which nucleus in the medulla oblongata regulates autonomic reflexes for controlling the rate and strength of the heartbeat? -Lateral center -Reticular center -Respiratory center -Cardiac center
cardiac center
The term ______ means "toward the tail". rostral caudal
caudal
Which is NOT one of the five cerebral lobes? -Frontal lobe -Parietal lobe -Insula -Temporal lobe -Cerebellar lobe -Occipital lobe
cerebellar lobe
Which structures make up most of the posterior pons? -Medullary pyramids -Cerebellar peduncles -Superior and inferior colliculi -Thalamus and hypothalamus
cerebellar peduncles
Name the portion of the brain dorsal to the brainstem responsible for motor coordination, evaluation of sensory input, and memory of learned motor skills. -Pons -Hypothalamus -Cerebrum -Cerebellum
cerebellum
The ______ is the region of the brain responsible for equilibrium, motor coordination, and memory of learned motor skills.
cerebellum
Which part of the brain occupies the posterior cranial fossa? -Cerebellum -Cerebrum -Midbrain -Pons
cerebellum
Which structure occupies the posterior cranial fossa inferior to the cerebrum and posterior to the brainstem? -Spinal cord -Pons -Cerebellum -Cerebrum
cerebellum
The _________ peduncle is a bundle of nerve fibers within the cerebral peduncles of the midbrain that connects the cerebrum to the pons and carries the corticospinal nerve tracts.
cerebral
Which anterior midbrain structures anchor the cerebrum to the brainstem? -Medullary pyramids -Corpora quadrigemina -Cerebellar peduncles -Cerebral peduncles
cerebral peduncles
What fills the ventricles of the brain, the central canal of the spinal cord, and the space between the CNS and dura mater? -Lymphatic fluid -Plasma -Blood -Cerebrospinal fluid
cerebrospinal fluid
Which functions to protect the brain and spinal cord from chemical and physical injury by providing chemical stability and buoyancy? -Cerebrospinal fluid -Blood -Plasma -Lymphatic fluid
cerebrospinal fluid
Together, the right and left cerebral hemispheres make up which part of the brain? -Cerebellum -Basal nuclei -Cerebrum -Brainstem
cerebrum
Which are the three major divisions of the brain? -Cerebellum, pons, medulla oblongata -Medulla, thalamus, hypothalamus -Cerebrum, brainstem, cerebellum -Diencephalon, cerebrum, spinal cord
cerebrum, brainstem, cerebellum
The forebrain includes of which of the following structures? -Cerebrum,thalamus, and hypothalamus -Spinal cord and medulla oblongata -Thalamus, pons, and medulla oblongata -Cerebrum, thalamus, and cerebellum
cerebrum, thalamus, hypothalamus
The ______ plexus is a spongy mass of blood capillaries that produces the cerebrospinal fluid inside the ventricles.
choroid
Which is the prominent C-shaped fiber tract that connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres? -Lateral ventricle -Diencephalon -Longitudinal fissure -Corpus callosum
corpus callosum
The outer layer of the cerebrum, called the cerebral ______ , is formed by gray matter.
cortex
Which portion of the brain is located between the midbrain and the corpus callosum? -Cerebellum -Diencephalon -Medulla oblongata -Pons -Cerebrum
diencephalon
Put the components of the brainstem in order from the most rostral at the top to the most caudal. -midbrain -pons -medulla oblongata -diencephalon
diencephalon, midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
The ________ is the outermost primary germ layer of an embryo, which gives rise to the nervous system and epidermis.
ectoderm
Which region of the diencephalon contains the pineal gland? -Infundibulum -Epithalamus -Hypothalamus -Thalamus
epithalamus
True or false: All sensory input is processed in the thalamus before being relayed to the cerebrum.
false
True or false: The hypothalamic thermostat responds to changes in the osmolarity of the extracellular fluid.
false
The slender, transverse, parallel folds of the cerebellum are specifically called _________
folia
Which term refers to the folds of the cerebellum? -Folia -Deep nuclei -Vermis -Arbor
folia
The boundary between the spinal cord and the medulla oblongata corresponds to which of the following structures? -Midbrain -Cerebral aquaduct -External occipital protuberance -Foramen magnum
foramen magnum
How many ventricles are located in the brain? -Two -Four -Three -Six
four
Which ventricle is located between the pons and the cerebellum? -Fourth -Third -Lateral
fourth
The cerebral aqueduct passes CSF down the core of the midbrain and into which of the following? -Fourth ventricle -Third ventricle -Interventricular foramen -Lateral ventricles
fourth ventricle
The chief functions of the _________ lobe include voluntary motor functions, memory, mood, emotion, social judgment and aggression.
frontal
Which is the most abundant cell type in the cerebellum? -Microglia -Purkinje cells -Granule cells -Stellate cells
granule cells
Which term refers to the thick folds of tissue found on each of the cerebral hemispheres? -Fissures -Sulci -Meninges -Gyri
gyri
Which structure functions as a relay from the limbic system to the midbrain? -Hypothalamus -Infundibulum -Habenula -Thalamus
habenula
The ________ region of the diencephalon forms the floor of the third ventricle and extends anteriorly to the optic chiasm.
hypothalamus
Which area of the brain functions to maintain thermal homeostasis? -Medulla oblongata -Hypothalamus -Cerebellum -Habenular nuclei -Thalamus
hypothalamus
Which structure serves as the major control center of the endocrine and autonomic nervous system? -Thalamus -Cerebellum -Epithalamus -Hypothalamus
hypothalamus
The __________ colliculi are part of the auditory pathway and function to receive signals from the inner ear, relaying them to other parts of the brain.
inferior
Which term refers to the pore that transports CSF from the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle? -Central ventricle -Choroid plexus -Interventricular foramen -Central canal
interventricular foramen
Which term refers to the pore that transports CSF from the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle? -Choroid plexus -Interventricular foramen -Central canal -Central ventricle
interventricular foramen
Arrange the following structures in order of how the CSF flows through the brain. The most superior structure should be listed first, and the most inferior structure should be listed last. -lateral ventricle -cerebral aqueduct -third ventricle -fourth ventricle -interventricular foramina
lateral ventricle, interventricular foramina, third ventricle, fourth ventricle, interventricular foramina
Which ventricles are C-shaped structures located within each cerebral hemisphere? -Fourth ventricles -Lateral ventricles -Third and fourth ventricles -Cerebral aquaduct and central canal
lateral ventricles
Which divides the cerebrum into right and left hemispheres? -Cerebral aqueduct -Gyri -Corpus callosum -Longitudinal fissure
longitudinal fissure
The descending motor fibers in the corticospinal tracts cross in the pyramidal decussation, which is found in which brainstem region? -Diencephalon -Medulla oblongata -Midbrain -Pons
medulla oblongata
Where are the two respiratory centers of the reticular formation located? -Hypothalamus -Midbrain -Pons -Medulla oblongata
medulla oblongata
Where is the vasomotor center of the reticular formation located? -Pons -Hypothalamus -Medulla oblongata -Midbrain
medulla oblongata
Which is the most caudal part of the brainstem, immediately superior to the foramen magnum of the skull? -Pons -Spinal cord -Midbrain -Medulla oblongata
medulla oblongata
Which anatomical term refers to the paired white-matter structures on the anterior surface of the medulla oblongata that contain descending motor fibers? -Lateral lemniscus -Medullary pyramids -Cerebellum -Medial lemniscus
medullary pyramids
The three-layer fibrous membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord are collectively called the _______
meninges
Which region of the neural tube does not subdivide during the formation of the five secondary vesicles? -Rhombencephalon -Prosencephalon -Mesencephalon
mesencephalon
The pons develops from which region of the neural tube? -Prosencephalon -Spinal cord -Metencephalon -Mesencephalon
metencephalon
The mesencephalon develops into which of the following? -Medulla oblongata -Cerebrum -Midbrain -Pons
midbrain
The medulla oblongata develops from which of the following? -Telencephalon -Metencephalon -Diencephalon -Myelencephalon
myelencephalon
Which type of cells give rise to most of the peripheral nervous system? -Neural tube cells -Neural crest cells -Stellate Cells -Endodermal plate cells
neural crest cells
Within the first three weeks of embryonic development, the neural plate sinks and its edges thicken to form which of the following? -Neural groove -Cerebellum -Brainstem -Neural tube
neural groove
Which embryonic structure develops first? -Neural fold -Neural plate -Neural tube -Neural groove
neural plate
Which type of hypothalamic neuron responds to changes in the osmolarity of the extracellular fluid? -Osmoreceptor -Nociceptor -Thermoreceptor -Mechanoreceptor
osmoreceptor
The tectum is which part of the midbrain? -Posterior -Anterior -Lateral -Medial
posterior
______________ cells are the most distinctive, unusually large cells of the cerebellum with thick dendrites compressed into a single plane.
purkinje
What is the function of the two respiratory centers located in the medulla oblongata? -Regulates the amount of oxygen and sleep -Regulates the intake of food and eating -Regulates the rhythm and depth of breathing -Regulates the amount of sleep one needs
regulates the rhythm and depth of breathing
The blood brain barrier is slightly permeable to which of the following? -Creatine, sodium, and macrophages -Chloride, cancer drugs, and antibodies -Calcium, water and antibiotics -Sodium, potassium, chloride, and urea
sodium, potassium, chloride, and urea
Where does most of the CSF go after it leaves the fourth ventricle? -Subarachnoid space -Central canal -Cerebral aqueduct -Dural sinuses
subarachnoid space
Which term refers to the shallow grooves found on each of the cerebral hemispheres? -Sulci -Folds -Gyri -Callosum
sulci
The ________ colliculi play an important role in visual attention and visual tracking of moving objects.
superior
Which midbrain structures mediate visual reflexes? -Thalamic nuclei -Medullary pyramids -Superior colliculi -Inferior colliculi
superior colliculi
Which sinus is found just underneath the cranium along the median line? -Middle sagittal sinus -Inferior sagittal sinus -Superior sagittal sinus -Dural sinus
superior sagittal sinus
Which best describes the cerebral cortex? -Masses of gray matter deep within the cerebral hemispheres -Surface layer of gray matter on the cerebrum -Fiber tract that connect the right and left cerebral hemispheres -Deep white matter of the cerebrum
surface layer of gray matter on the cerebrum
The posterior part of the midbrain, which includes the corpora quadrigemina, is called the ______
tectum
The __________ is an oval-shaped structure in the diencephalon located at the superior end of the brainstem beneath the cerebral hemispheres.
thalamus
Which structure is sometimes called the "gateway to the cerebral cortex?" -Hypothalamus -Thalamus -Cerebellum -Pons
thalamus
Which describes the function of the choroid plexus? -To produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) -To transmit nervous impulses -To filter the blood -To form an impermeable barrier
to produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
What is the function of the blood barrier system? -To regulate passage of materials from the blood into the brain -To protect the brain from physical damage such as from a severe blow to the head -To protect the brain from the pressure caused by its own weight pushing down on the floor of the cranium -To regulate the formation and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid
to regulate passage of materials from the blood into the brain
The white matter of the brain consists of which of the following? -Fissures -Cortex -Nuclei -Tracts
tracts
Which sinus runs horizontally from the rear of the head toward each ear? -Superior sagittal -Dural -Median -Transverse
transverse
What separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum? -Transverse cerebral fissure -Short fissure -Marginal cerebellar fissure -Longitudinal fissure
transverse cerebral fissure
Which is least likely to get through the blood-brain barrier? -Glucose -Urea -Water -Oxygen
urea
Fluid-filled internal chambers of the brain are called ________
ventricles
The portion of the cerebellum that connects the right and left cerebellar hemispheres is the ______. -longitudinal fissure -vermi -vermis -corpus callosum
vermis
Bundles of axons make up which of the following? -White matter -Pia mater -Arachnoid mater -Gray matter
white matter
