Anatomy Chapter 2 Review questions

31. Uracil ________.

A major component of RNA but not of DNA

17. ________ reactions release energy.

Catabolic, exergonic, and decomposition

13. Which of the following statements about chemical bonds is true?

Covalent bonds are stronger than ionic bonds.

9. Which of the following is a molecule, but not a compound?

H2

24. Ty is three years old and as a result of a "stomach bug" has been vomiting for about 24 hours. His blood pH is 7.48. What does this mean?

Ty's blood is slightly alkaline.

27. Which of the following is a functional group that is part of a building block of proteins?

amino

11. When an atom donates an electron to another atom, it becomes

an ion

5. The smallest unit of an element that still retains the distinctive behavior of that element is an

atom

AB → A + B is a general notation for a(n) ________reaction.

decomposition

30. In DNA, nucleotide bonding forms a compound with a characteristic shape known as a(n)

double helix

26. What organic compound do brain cells primarily rely on for fuel?

glucose

29. A phospholipid ________.

has both polar and nonpolar regions

25. C6H12O6 is the chemical formula for a ________.

hexose monosaccharide

18. Which of the following combinations of atoms is most likely to result in a chemical reaction?

hydrogen and hydrogen

7. On the periodic table of the elements, mercury (Hg) has an atomic number of 80 and a mass number of 200.59. It has seven stable isotopes. The most abundant of these probably have

more than 80 neutrons each

28. A pentose sugar is a part of the monomer used to build which type of macromolecule?

nucleic acids

20. CH4 is methane. This compound is ________.

organic

4. Together, just four elements make up more than 95 percent of the body's mass. These include

oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen

10. A molecule of ammonia contains one atom of nitrogen and three atoms of hydrogen. These are linked with

polar covalent bonds

14. The energy stored in a foot of snow on a steep roof is

potential energy

6. The characteristic that gives an element its distinctive properties is its number of

protons

19. Chewing a bite of bread mixes it with saliva and facilitates its chemical breakdown. This is most likely due to the fact that

saliva contains enzymes

12. A substance formed of crystals of equal numbers of cations and anions held together by ionic bonds is called a(n)

salt

23. A substance dissociates into K+ and Cl- in solution. The substance is a(n) ________.

salt

21. Which of the following is most likely to be found evenly distributed in water in a homogeneous solution?

sodium ions and chloride ions

32. The ability of an enzyme's active sites to bind only substrates of compatible shape and charge is known as ________.

specificity

22. Jenny mixes up a batch of pancake batter, then stirs in some chocolate chips. As she is waiting for the first few pancakes to cook, she notices the chocolate chips sinking to the bottom of the clear glass mixing bowl. The chocolate-chip batter is an example of a ________.

suspension

15. The bonding of calcium, phosphorus, and other elements produces mineral crystals that are found in bone. This is an example of a(n) ________ reaction.

synthesis

8. Nitrogen has an atomic number of seven. How many electron shells does it likely have?

two