Anatomy Chapter 2 Review questions
31. Uracil ________.
A major component of RNA but not of DNA
17. ________ reactions release energy.
Catabolic, exergonic, and decomposition
13. Which of the following statements about chemical bonds is true?
Covalent bonds are stronger than ionic bonds.
9. Which of the following is a molecule, but not a compound?
H2
24. Ty is three years old and as a result of a "stomach bug" has been vomiting for about 24 hours. His blood pH is 7.48. What does this mean?
Ty's blood is slightly alkaline.
27. Which of the following is a functional group that is part of a building block of proteins?
amino
11. When an atom donates an electron to another atom, it becomes
an ion
5. The smallest unit of an element that still retains the distinctive behavior of that element is an
atom
AB → A + B is a general notation for a(n) ________reaction.
decomposition
30. In DNA, nucleotide bonding forms a compound with a characteristic shape known as a(n)
double helix
26. What organic compound do brain cells primarily rely on for fuel?
glucose
29. A phospholipid ________.
has both polar and nonpolar regions
25. C6H12O6 is the chemical formula for a ________.
hexose monosaccharide
18. Which of the following combinations of atoms is most likely to result in a chemical reaction?
hydrogen and hydrogen
7. On the periodic table of the elements, mercury (Hg) has an atomic number of 80 and a mass number of 200.59. It has seven stable isotopes. The most abundant of these probably have
more than 80 neutrons each
28. A pentose sugar is a part of the monomer used to build which type of macromolecule?
nucleic acids
20. CH4 is methane. This compound is ________.
organic
4. Together, just four elements make up more than 95 percent of the body's mass. These include
oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen
10. A molecule of ammonia contains one atom of nitrogen and three atoms of hydrogen. These are linked with
polar covalent bonds
14. The energy stored in a foot of snow on a steep roof is
potential energy
6. The characteristic that gives an element its distinctive properties is its number of
protons
19. Chewing a bite of bread mixes it with saliva and facilitates its chemical breakdown. This is most likely due to the fact that
saliva contains enzymes
12. A substance formed of crystals of equal numbers of cations and anions held together by ionic bonds is called a(n)
salt
23. A substance dissociates into K+ and Cl- in solution. The substance is a(n) ________.
salt
21. Which of the following is most likely to be found evenly distributed in water in a homogeneous solution?
sodium ions and chloride ions
32. The ability of an enzyme's active sites to bind only substrates of compatible shape and charge is known as ________.
specificity
22. Jenny mixes up a batch of pancake batter, then stirs in some chocolate chips. As she is waiting for the first few pancakes to cook, she notices the chocolate chips sinking to the bottom of the clear glass mixing bowl. The chocolate-chip batter is an example of a ________.
suspension
15. The bonding of calcium, phosphorus, and other elements produces mineral crystals that are found in bone. This is an example of a(n) ________ reaction.
synthesis
8. Nitrogen has an atomic number of seven. How many electron shells does it likely have?
two