Anatomy chapter 5
Broken bone portion is pushed inward
depression fracture
Julie experienced a break in the shaft of her femur. What part of her bone was fractured?
diaphysis
Which of these bones articulates with the acetabulum of the coxal bone?
femur
skull sutures
fibrous joint
Joint created by the teeth and mandible or maxillary bones
fibrous joints
What does collagen provide as a component of bone?
flexibility
Which type of rib lacks an attachment to the sternum?
floating ribs
The first step in bone healing involves the formation of a blood-filled swelling known as a(n) ________.
hematoma
The elbow is classified as a(n) ________.
hinge joint
Broken bones ends are forced into each other
impacted fracture
Layers or rings of calcification that are found in compact bone
lamellae
Storage area for yellow marrow in adults
medullary cavity
Which of the following could create an open, or compound, fracture?
when the broken bone penetrates though the skin
Identify the bones that do NOT house a panel sinus.
zygomatic bones
Which bones are commonly referred to as the cheekbones?
zygomatic bones
Articulations permitting only slight degrees of movement are ________, whereas articulations permitting no movement are called_____.
amphiarthroses; synarthroses
Each complex of central canal and matrix rings in compact bone is known as ______.
an osteon (Haversian system)
Coxal bone
appendicular skeleton
Femur
appendicular skeleton
Fibula
appendicular skeleton
Phalanges
appendicular skeleton
Tarsals
appendicular skeleton
From superior to inferior, what is the correct order of the vertebrae?
cervical, thoracic, lumber
The tailbone is the____.
coccyx
A bone fracture that results in the bone being broken into many fragments is a _____.
comminuted fracture
Ulna
appendicular skeleton
Bone growth in width that occurs due to weight lifting at age 40 is most likely _____.
appositional growth
What type of tissue covers the epiphysis of bones and reduces friction in the joints?
articular cartilage
Two or more bones meet at a location called a(n) ________.
articulation (joint)
skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage form the _____ skeleton.
axial
Atlas
axial skeleton
Parietal bones
axial skeleton
Sternum
axial skeleton
True ribs
axial skeleton
The denis is a process projecting from the _____.
axis
The canal that runs through the core of each osteon (Haversian system) contains _____.
blood vessels and nerve fibers
The presence of an epiphyseal plate indicates that _____.
bone length is increasing
Small canals that connect osteocytes in their lacunae to the central canal are known as
canaliculi
Small channels that radiate through the matrix of compact bone
canaliculi
Joint created by the intervertebral discs
cartilaginous joints
Joint created by the pubic symphysis
cartilaginous joints
In a lab, you find a vertebra with transverse foramina. Which type of vertebrae must this be?
cervical
bone breaks into many fragments
comminuted fracture
A fracture that is common in osteoporotic bones is a(n) ____.
compression fracture
A fracture in the _____ can impair the lengthwise growth of bones in a child.
epiphyseal plate
Which of the following is only found associated with a child's bone?
epiphyseal plate
The fibrous connection between the bones of a fetal skull are _____.
fontanels
The large hole located in the base of the occipital bone that allows the spinal cord and brain to connect is the ________.
foramen magnum
the head of the humerous fits into the _____________ of the scapula.
glenoid cavity
A structure found on the femur is the____?
greater trochanter
An incomplete bone break, known as a(n) ______ fracture, is commonly seen in children.
greenstick
Incomplete bone break
greenstick fracture
The physician knew that her patient was most likely a child before she walked into the examination room because the X-Ray revealed a(n) ______.
greenstick fracture
What kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo?
hyaline cartilage
The hyoid bone is unique because it _____.
is the only bone of the body that does not directly articulate with any other bone
The femur, tibia, humerous, and radius are all classified as______.
long bones
Which spinal curvature is associated with the lower back and appears when a baby begins to walk?
lumbar
The sternum is the result of fusion of three bones called the _____.
manubrium, body, xiphoid process
Which of these bones is associated with the hand?
metacarpals
Cells that can build bony matrix
osteoblasts
When growing bones widen through appositional growth, what kind of cells add bone matrix to the outside of the diaphysis?
osteoblasts
Cells that can dissolve the bony matrix
osteoclasts
Mothers who breast feed their children will lose a percentage of calcium from their bones. Which hormone is responsible for raising blood calcium levels when they drop below homeostatic levels?
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
What is not a function of the skeletal system?
regulation of blood pressure
How many true ribs do humans have?
seven
Cube-shaped bones that contain mostly spongy bone are called ________ bones.
short
In adults, the function of the yellow marrow is to _______.
store adipose tissue (aka fat)
Immovable joints are functionally classified as.
synarthroses
Hinge joint, such as the elbow joint
synovial
Plane, hinge, and pivot joints are all types of _____ joints.
synovial
You examine an articulated skeleton in the lab and determine the skeleton to be a female since____.
the distance between the female ischial spines is greater than in a male
What determines where bone matrix will be remodeled?
the pull of gravity and muscles on the skeleton and calcium ion levels in the blood.
Which of these bone markings is a projection that serves as a site for muscle or ligament attachment?
tubercle
Which two bones constitute the forearm?
ulna and radius
What bones protect the spinal cord?
vertebrae
There are four stages in the healing of a bone fracture. Which of the following best illustrates the sequence of these stages?
1. hematoma formation 2. fibrocartilage callus formation 3. bony callus formation 4. bone remodeling
The process of bone formation is known as
ossification
What type of bone cell is primarily active when bone growth occurs?
osteoblast
The axial skeleton contains the following bones: _______.
skull, true and false ribs, vertebrae
Ragged bone break resulting from twisting forces
spiral fracture
The temporal bones are joined with the parietal bones at the ______ sutures.
squamous
Which of the following bones is considered part of the axial skeleton?
sternum