Anatomy chapter 5

Broken bone portion is pushed inward

depression fracture

Julie experienced a break in the shaft of her femur. What part of her bone was fractured?

diaphysis

Which of these bones articulates with the acetabulum of the coxal bone?

femur

skull sutures

fibrous joint

Joint created by the teeth and mandible or maxillary bones

fibrous joints

What does collagen provide as a component of bone?

flexibility

Which type of rib lacks an attachment to the sternum?

floating ribs

The first step in bone healing involves the formation of a blood-filled swelling known as a(n) ________.

hematoma

The elbow is classified as a(n) ________.

hinge joint

Broken bones ends are forced into each other

impacted fracture

Layers or rings of calcification that are found in compact bone

lamellae

Storage area for yellow marrow in adults

medullary cavity

Which of the following could create an open, or compound, fracture?

when the broken bone penetrates though the skin

Identify the bones that do NOT house a panel sinus.

zygomatic bones

Which bones are commonly referred to as the cheekbones?

zygomatic bones

Articulations permitting only slight degrees of movement are ________, whereas articulations permitting no movement are called_____.

amphiarthroses; synarthroses

Each complex of central canal and matrix rings in compact bone is known as ______.

an osteon (Haversian system)

Coxal bone

appendicular skeleton

Femur

appendicular skeleton

Fibula

appendicular skeleton

Phalanges

appendicular skeleton

Tarsals

appendicular skeleton

From superior to inferior, what is the correct order of the vertebrae?

cervical, thoracic, lumber

The tailbone is the____.

coccyx

A bone fracture that results in the bone being broken into many fragments is a _____.

comminuted fracture

Ulna

appendicular skeleton

Bone growth in width that occurs due to weight lifting at age 40 is most likely _____.

appositional growth

What type of tissue covers the epiphysis of bones and reduces friction in the joints?

articular cartilage

Two or more bones meet at a location called a(n) ________.

articulation (joint)

skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage form the _____ skeleton.

axial

Atlas

axial skeleton

Parietal bones

axial skeleton

Sternum

axial skeleton

True ribs

axial skeleton

The denis is a process projecting from the _____.

axis

The canal that runs through the core of each osteon (Haversian system) contains _____.

blood vessels and nerve fibers

The presence of an epiphyseal plate indicates that _____.

bone length is increasing

Small canals that connect osteocytes in their lacunae to the central canal are known as

canaliculi

Small channels that radiate through the matrix of compact bone

canaliculi

Joint created by the intervertebral discs

cartilaginous joints

Joint created by the pubic symphysis

cartilaginous joints

In a lab, you find a vertebra with transverse foramina. Which type of vertebrae must this be?

cervical

bone breaks into many fragments

comminuted fracture

A fracture that is common in osteoporotic bones is a(n) ____.

compression fracture

A fracture in the _____ can impair the lengthwise growth of bones in a child.

epiphyseal plate

Which of the following is only found associated with a child's bone?

epiphyseal plate

The fibrous connection between the bones of a fetal skull are _____.

fontanels

The large hole located in the base of the occipital bone that allows the spinal cord and brain to connect is the ________.

foramen magnum

the head of the humerous fits into the _____________ of the scapula.

glenoid cavity

A structure found on the femur is the____?

greater trochanter

An incomplete bone break, known as a(n) ______ fracture, is commonly seen in children.

greenstick

Incomplete bone break

greenstick fracture

The physician knew that her patient was most likely a child before she walked into the examination room because the X-Ray revealed a(n) ______.

greenstick fracture

What kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo?

hyaline cartilage

The hyoid bone is unique because it _____.

is the only bone of the body that does not directly articulate with any other bone

The femur, tibia, humerous, and radius are all classified as______.

long bones

Which spinal curvature is associated with the lower back and appears when a baby begins to walk?

lumbar

The sternum is the result of fusion of three bones called the _____.

manubrium, body, xiphoid process

Which of these bones is associated with the hand?

metacarpals

Cells that can build bony matrix

osteoblasts

When growing bones widen through appositional growth, what kind of cells add bone matrix to the outside of the diaphysis?

osteoblasts

Cells that can dissolve the bony matrix

osteoclasts

Mothers who breast feed their children will lose a percentage of calcium from their bones. Which hormone is responsible for raising blood calcium levels when they drop below homeostatic levels?

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

What is not a function of the skeletal system?

regulation of blood pressure

How many true ribs do humans have?

seven

Cube-shaped bones that contain mostly spongy bone are called ________ bones.

short

In adults, the function of the yellow marrow is to _______.

store adipose tissue (aka fat)

Immovable joints are functionally classified as.

synarthroses

Hinge joint, such as the elbow joint

synovial

Plane, hinge, and pivot joints are all types of _____ joints.

synovial

You examine an articulated skeleton in the lab and determine the skeleton to be a female since____.

the distance between the female ischial spines is greater than in a male

What determines where bone matrix will be remodeled?

the pull of gravity and muscles on the skeleton and calcium ion levels in the blood.

Which of these bone markings is a projection that serves as a site for muscle or ligament attachment?

tubercle

Which two bones constitute the forearm?

ulna and radius

What bones protect the spinal cord?

vertebrae

There are four stages in the healing of a bone fracture. Which of the following best illustrates the sequence of these stages?

1. hematoma formation 2. fibrocartilage callus formation 3. bony callus formation 4. bone remodeling

The process of bone formation is known as

ossification

What type of bone cell is primarily active when bone growth occurs?

osteoblast

The axial skeleton contains the following bones: _______.

skull, true and false ribs, vertebrae

Ragged bone break resulting from twisting forces

spiral fracture

The temporal bones are joined with the parietal bones at the ______ sutures.

squamous

Which of the following bones is considered part of the axial skeleton?

sternum