Anatomy Exam 2

Generally, the adductor muscles originate on the ______ and mainly insert on the ________ of the femur.

pubis/linea aspera

An immovable joint is called a(n) ________ joint.

synarthrotic

A suture may close up and an epiphyseal plate becomes an epiphyseal line. Each is now called a ________ .

synotosis

This ankle bone articulates with the tibia.

talus

The ________ has the external auditory meatus (canal)

temporal

This bone has a petrous (rocky) portion on the floor of the cranial cavity that can damage the brain if it slides across it during a sudden stop.

temporal

A herniation of the nucleus pulposus through the annulus fibrosus may compress the spinal cord or pinch a nerve. This is commonly called a(n) _______ .

"slipped" disc

These deep muscles are important in back extension and may spasm when injured. They are antagonistic to the abdominal muscles.

erector spinae

Generally, to restore your body to anatomical position after you have been rolled up into a ball (fetal position) requires ____________.

extension

A ________ is an abnormal spinal curvature in which there is an exaggerated thoracic curvature of the spine. It is found often in people with osteoporosis.

kyphosis

Generally, the appendicular bones are _______ bones with the exception of the carpals and tarsals which are ________ bones.

long/short

These vertebrae are moose shaped.

lumbar

The clavicle articulates with the ________ of the sternum and the __________ of the scapula.

manubrium/acromium

The buccinator, temporalis, pterygoids, and masseter belong to this group

masticator muscles

These form the palm of each hand.

metacarpals

Which cranial fossa contains the foramen ovale, foramen spinosum, and foramen rotundum?

middle

A congenital defect in which the laminae fail to fuse. It can be prevented with folic acid during pregnancy.

spina bifida

The suture between a parietal bone and a temporal bone is called the ______ suture.

squamous

When the distal end of your radius is lateral to your ulna, then your palm is __________.

supinated

What produces the striations seen in skeletal and cardiac muscles?

the arrangement of the thick and thin myofilaments

These vertebrae have foramina in their transverse processes.

cervical

These vertebrae have the shape of a giraffe's head

cervical

The suture between the parietal bones and the frontal bone is called the ______ suture.

coronal

The connective tissue sheath that surrounds a muscle cell is called the _________.

endomysium

How many phalanges are on each hand?

14

A. ATP B. acetylcholine C. calcium ions D. sodium ions E. acetylcholinesterase This allows the myosin cross-bridges to detach from the myosin binding sites

A. ATP

Generally, these muscles originate on the pubis and mainly insert on the linea aspera of the femur. A. adductor group B. quadriceps group C. hamstring group

A. adductor group

These muscles of the thigh flex the hip and extend the knee (i.e., the foreswing of walking). A. anterior compartment B. medial compartment C. posterior compartment

A. anterior compartment

Which fracture is NOT matched correctly? A. compound: the bone has broken into two or more large fragments B. Colles fracture: a fracture of the distal end of the radius C. comminuted: the bone has splintered at the site of impact, and smaller fragments of bone lie between the two main fragments D. pathologic: a fracture due to weakening of a bone caused by disease processes such as osteoporosis E. greenstick: a partial fracture in which one side of the bone is broken and the other side bends

A. compound: the bone has broken into two or more large fragments

Which of these is NOT matched correctly? A. medullary cavity: adipose storage B. yellow bone marrow: blood cell formation C. hyaline cartilage: epiphyseal plate D. minerals (such as tricalcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite) : strength E. organic materials (such as collagen): flexibility

A. medullary cavity: adipose storage

Which of these is NOT matched correctly? A.medullary cavity: blood cell storage B.red bone marrow: blood cell formation C.hyaline cartilage: epiphyseal plate D.minerals (such as tricalcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite) : strength E.organic materials (such as collagen): flexibility

A. medullary cavity: blood cell storage

Most skeletal muscles act as third-class levers where the effort on the bone is exerted at the ___________. These are levers of speed and range of motion. A. middle (between the fulcrum and the resistance) B. end

A. middle (between the fulcrum and the resistance)

Condyles, facets, heads, and trochlea are ________ . A. processes that help to form joints B. sites allowing the passage of nerves or blood vessels C. processes that are sites of muscle or ligament attachment D. narrow ridges of bone

A. processes that help to form joints

The type of bone composed of trabeculae is called ________ and the type of bone composed of osteons is called ________. A. spongy bone/compact bone B. compact bone/spongy bone C. both spongy bone and compact bone D. hyaline cartilage/fibrocartilage E. fibrocartilage/hyaline cartilage

A. spongy bone/compact bone

These bones are often found between the parietal and occipital bones. A. sutural or Worminan B. long C. irregular D. short, not sesamoid E. short, sesamoid

A.sutural or Worminan

What do the extensor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis longus, and abductor pollicis longus have in common?

All act on the thumb

Which of the following statements about synovial joints is false? A. The joint cavity is enclosed by an articular capsule. B. Synovial joints contain serous fluid. C. Synovial joints are the most common form of joint in the appendicular skeleton. D. Hyaline cartilage covers the joint surfaces of the bones. E. Synovial joints are functionally classified as diarthrotic joints.

B. Synovial joints contain serous fluid.

Which of these is INCORRECTLY matched? A. The "surprised! muscle"/frontalis B. The "kissing muscle"/orbicularis oculi C. The "praying muscle"/sternocleidomastoid D. The "swimmer's muscle"/latissimus dorsi E. The "tailor's muscle"/sartorius

B. The "kissing muscle"/orbicularis oculi

Which of these statements is FALSE? A. There are seven cervical vertebrae, twelve thoracic vertebrae, and five lumbar vertebrae. B. The thoracic vertebrae articulate with all the rib except the floating ribs. C. The lumbar vertebrae have large bodies to support much of the body weight. D. The sacrum forms a joint with the ilium. E. The coccygeal vertebrae are fused in the adult and are the most inferior of the vertebrae.

B. The thoracic vertebrae articulate with all the rib except the floating ribs.

Which of these is FALSELY matched or are they all correct? A. brachialis: strongest elbow flexor B. biceps brachii: pronator and elbow flexor C. triceps brachii: elbow extensor D. brachioradialis: elbow flexor found primarily in the forearm E. All are correct.

B. biceps brachii: pronator and elbow flexor

What type of joint is a symphysis? A. fibrous B. cartilaginous C. synovial

B. cartilaginous

What is the likely name of the muscle that can be described as follows: originates on the medial epicondyle, acts on the wrist, and abducts the wrist? A. flexor carpi ulnaris B. flexor carpi radialis C. extensor carpi ulnaris D. extensor carpi radialis longus E. brachioradialis

B. flexor carpi radialis

Which one of the following is a "risky" injection site? A. gluteus medius B. gluteus maximus C. deltoid (deltoideus)

B. gluteus maximus

59. Which form of arthritis is incorrectly matched with its description? A. osteoarthritis: a degenerative, progressive disease known as "wear-and-tear" arthritis B. gouty arthritis: joint inflammation caused by a deposition of hydrochloric acid crystals in the synovial membranes C. rheumatoid arthritis: an autoimmune disease involving severe inflammation of the joints, starting with the synovial membranes

B. gouty arthritis: joint inflammation caused by a deposition of hydrochloric acid crystals in the synovial membranes

The increasing levels of organization in a skeletal muscle are: A. myofilament, myofibril, fascicle, muscle fiber, muscle B. myofilament, myofibril, muscle fiber, fascicle, muscle C. myofilament, myofibril, muscle fiber, muscle, fascicle D. fascicle, myofibril, myofilament, muscle fiber, muscle E. myofibril, myofilament, muscle fiber, fascicle, muscle

B. myofilament, myofibril, muscle fiber, fascicle, muscle

Which of these bones does NOT help form the orbit of the eye? A. palatine B. nasal C. ethmoid D. zygomatic E. lacrimal

B. nasal

These are bone stem cells derived from the mesenchyme. A. monocytes. B. osteoprogenitor cells C. osteoblasts D. osteocytes E. osteoclasts

B. osteoprogenitor cells

Which set of muscles is NOT antagonistic to each other? A. sternocleidomastoid/trapezius B. palmaris longus/extensor digitorum C. pectoralis major/latissimus dorsi D. tibialis anterior/peroneus (fibularis) longus E. quadriceps group/hamstring group

B. palmaris longus/extensor digitorum

Knee injuries in football are usually due to lateral blows to the knee. When this occurs, the knee is examined with the "three C's" kept in mind. The 'three C's" include all of the following EXCEPT the ____________________. A. anterior cruciate ligament B. patellar ligament C. medial meniscus D. tibial (medial) collateral ligament

B. patellar ligament

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of muscle tissue? A. contractility B. secretion C. elasticity D. extensibility E. excitability

B. secretion

Which of the following is not found in the thin filament? A. actin B. titin C. tropomyosin D. troponin

B. titin

Which of these muscles is NOT a prime mover of the arm? A. deltoid B. trapezius C. pectoralis major D. latissimus dorsi

B. trapezius

Which of the following is not found in the thin filament? A. actin B. tropomyosin C. ATPase D. troponin

C. ATPase

These muscles are NOT important in walking, but they are important in jumping and climbing: A. quadriceps group B. hamstring group C. gluteus maximus D. gluteus medius

C. gluteus maximus

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A.Cartilage grows by appositional growth using chondroblasts in the perichondrium. B.Cartilage grows by interstitial growth using chondrocytes within the cartilage that divide and secrete new matrix. C.Articular cartilages are best protected by not using your joints. D.Cartilage heals poorly because it is avascular. E.As one grows older, cartilage tends to calcify.

C. Articular cartilages are best protected by not using your joints.

A. ATP B. acetylcholine C. calcium ions D. sodium ions E. acetylcholinesterase This binds with troponin and results in the unblocking of the myosin binding site

C. Calcium ions

What major effect does weight training have on skeletal muscle? A. It increases the number of skeletal muscle cells through mitosis. B. It increases the number of skeletal muscle cells by splitting of the muscle cells. C. It increases the diameter of the skeletal muscle cells by building more contractile proteins and myofilaments, i.e., the muscle cells gets larger.

C. It increases the diameter of the skeletal muscle cells by building more contractile proteins and myofilaments, i.e., the muscle cells gets larger.

A. T-tubules B. synaptic (end) bulbs C. synaptic cleft D. sarcolemma E. sarcoplasmic reticulum The very small gap at the neuromuscular junction.

C. Synaptic cleft

During muscle contraction, what does NOT happen? A. The sarcomere decreases in length. B. The A band stays the same length. C. The I band stays the same length. D. The H zone shortens or disappears. E. The muscle shortens.

C. The I band stays the same length.

Which one of these statements regarding the triceps surae muscles is false? A. The triceps surae muscles are the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. B. The muscles of the triceps surae form the posterior calf. C. The muscles of the triceps surae originate on the femur. D. The muscles of the triceps surae insert on the calcaneus by way of the Achille's tendon. E. The action of these muscles is plantar flexion.

C. The muscles of the triceps surae originate on the femur.

Growth in the length of a long bone occurs at this site. A. medullary cavity B. epiphyseal line C. epiphyseal plate D. under the periosteum E. under the endosteum

C. epiphyseal plate

Most bones develop from endochondral ossification using __________ as a model for bone construction. A. fibrocartilage B. elastic cartilage C. hyaline cartilage D. fibrous connective tissue E. loose connective tissue

C. hyaline cartilage

Bone is maintained by the mature bone cells trapped in the lacunae known as ________ . A. osteoprogenitor cells B. osteoblasts C. osteocytes D. osteoclasts E. monocytes

C. osteocytes

Trace the route taken by nutrients through a bone, starting with the periosteum and ending with an osteocyte in a lacuna. A. central canal > canaliculus > perforating canal B. perforating canal > canaliculus > central canal C. perforating canal > central canal > canaliculus D. canaliculus > perforating canal > central canal E. canaliculus > central canal > perforating canal

C. perforating canal > central canal > canaliculus

Which of the following is NOT a fibrous joint? A. suture B. gomphosis C. symphysis D. syndesmosis

C. symphysis

Which of these muscles is NOT one of the rotator cuff muscles? A. subscapularis B. teres minor C. teres major D. supraspinatus E. infraspinatus

C. teres major

This spring like molecule is found in the elastic filament and resists overstretching in the sarcomere. A. actin B. myosin C. titin D. troponin E. tropomyosin

C. titin

When does bone remodeling NOT occur? A. during and following the healing of a fracture B. as bones grow in length and width C. to regulate calcium levels in the bone D. in response to hormones such as growth hormone, sex hormones, calcitonin, and parathyroid hormone E. as bones are subjected to stress such as weight-lifting

C. to regulate calcium levels in the bone

Which of the following bones does NOT help form the wall of the nasal cavity? A. palatine bone B. ethmoid C. vomer D. inferior nasal conchae

C. vomer

This is the largest ankle bone.

Calcaneus

Which form of arthritis is incorrectly matched with its description or are they all correctly matched? A. osteoarthritis: a degenerative, progressive disease known as "wear-and-tear" arthritis B. rheumatoid arthritis: an autoimmune disease involving severe inflammation of the joints, starting with the synovial membranes C. gouty arthritis: joint inflammation caused by a deposition of uric acid crystals in the synovial membranes D. All of these are correct.

D. All of these are correct.

Which fracture is NOT matched correctly? A. compound: the broken end(s) of the bone protrude through the skin B. Pott: fracture at the distal end of the tibia, fibula, or both C. comminuted: fracture in which the bone has splintered at the site of impact, and smaller fragments of bone lie between the two main fragments D. Colles: fracture of the distal end of the ulna E. greenstick: a partial fracture in which one side of the bone is broken and the other side bends

D. Colles: fracture of the distal end of the ulna

Which of the following statements about cardiac muscle is FALSE? A. Its actin and myosin myofilaments are arranged in an orderly arrangement and, therefore, it has striations. B. It has autorhymicity and does not require neural innervation to contract. C. It has intercalated discs with gap junctions, desmosomes, and tight junctions. D. It has a very short refractory period allowing sustained contractions (tetanus).

D. It has a very short refractory period allowing sustained contractions (tetanus).

Which of the following statements about smooth muscle is FALSE? A. Single-unit smooth muscle is found in the walls of the small arteries and veins and the hollow viscera in the digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems. B. It has no T-tubules and a scanty sarcoplasmic reticulum. C. It has a stress-relaxation response so that it contracts well even when stretched. D. It has no striations because it has no actin or myosin. E. It has intermediate filaments attached to dense bodies and appears to contract in a corkscrew manner.

D. It has no striations because it has no actin or myosin.

During muscle contraction, what does NOT happen? A. The sarcomere decreases in length. B. The A band stays the same length. C. The I band decreases in length. D. The H zone stays the same length. E. The muscle shortens.

D. The H zone stays the same length.

Which is NOT true regarding the skeletal system? A. Continually rebuilds and remodels itself throughout our lifetime. B. Bones, cartilages, ligaments, and joints are part of the skeletal system. C. Our skeletal system is adapted for walking on two feet. D. The bones we see in lab have the same composition as those in our living bodies. E. Tendons are not part of the skeletal system

D. The bones we see in lab have the same composition as those in our living bodies.

Which of these statements is FALSE? A. There are seven cervical vertebrae, twelve thoracic vertebrae, and five lumbar vertebrae. B. The thoracic vertebrae articulate with all the ribs C. The lumbar vertebrae have large bodies to support much of the body weight. D. The sacrum forms a joint with the ischium. E. The coccygeal vertebrae are fused and are the most inferior of the vertebrae.

D. The sacrum forms a joint with the ischium.

Which injury is NOT correctly matched with the muscles involved? A. Pulled hamstring: muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh B. Pulled groin: adductor muscles C. Shinsplints: tibialis anterior D. Torn rotator cuff: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres major, subscapularis

D. Torn rotator cuff: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres major, subscapularis

Which of these muscles does NOT insert on the proximal tibia at the pes anserinus? A. sartorius B. semitendinosus C. gracilis D. biceps femoris

D. biceps femoris

Almost all of the joints found in the upper and lower limbs are ________ . A. synarthrotic and fibrous B. amphiarthrotic and synovial C. diarthrotic and synchondroses D. diarthrotic and synovial E. amphiarthrotic and synchondroses

D. diarthrotic and synovial

Which is INCORRECTLY matched? A. longest muscle: sartorius B. smallest muscle: stapedius C. widest muscle: latissimus dorsi D. largest muscle: trapezius E. strongest muscle group: quadriceps femoris

D. largest muscle: trapezius

Which of these bones does NOT articulate with the radius? A. humerus B. ulna C. scaphoid D. pisiform E. lunate

D. pisiform

Which of the following muscles is enclosed by an aponeurotic sheath formed from the other three muscles? A. external oblique B. internal oblique C. transversus abdominis D. rectus abdominis

D. rectus abdominis

Which of the following muscles is not lateral? A. external oblique B. internal oblique C. transversus abdominis D. rectus abdominis

D. rectus abdominis

Which of the following is NOT part of the skeletal system? A. articular cartilages B. bones C. joints D. tendons E. ligaments

D. tendons

Which of the following covers the myosin-binding (active) sites on the actin when the muscle is at rest? A. calcium ions B. titin C. myosin D. tropomyosin E. troponin

D. tropomyosin

The site for bone growth in diameter is the ________ . A. medullary cavity B. epiphyseal plate C. epiphyseal line D. under the periosteum E. under the endosteum

D. under the periosteum

Which of the following is NOT a general rule of skeletal muscle activity? A. (Almost) All muscles cross at least one joint. B. Typically, the bulk of the muscle lies distal to the joint crossed. C. All muscles have at least two attachments: the origin and the insertion. D. Muscles can only pull; they never push. E. During contraction, the muscle's insertion moves toward the origin.

E. During contraction, the muscle's insertion moves toward the origin.

Which of the following bones is NOT correctly matched with its bone marking? A. ethmoid bone: crista galli B. sphenoid bone: sella turcica C. temporal bone: styloid process D. occipital bone: occipital condyles E. zygomatic bone: zygomatic process

E. zygomatic bone: zygomatic process

Which one of the following statements is FALSE? A. One neuron and all the skeletal muscle cells it stimulates are called a motor unit. B. An average sized motor unit contains about 150 muscle fibers. C. The muscle fibers in a single motor unit contract in an all or none manner. D. The muscle fibers in a single motor unit are all one type - either slow oxidative or fast glycolytic or fast oxidative. E. Muscles that control large powerful movements have few muscle fibers per motor unit and muscles that control precise movements have many muscle fibers per motor unit.

E. Muscles that control large powerful movements have few muscle fibers per motor unit and muscles that control precise movements have many muscle fibers per motor unit.

A. T-tubules B. synaptic (end) bulbs C. synaptic cleft D. sarcolemma E. sarcoplasmic reticulum Calcium ions are stored in the terminal cisterns of these membranes

E. Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Which statement is FALSE? A. Of all the types of muscle cells, skeletal muscle cells are most correctly called muscle fibers because they are formed by the fusion of many embryonic myoblasts. B. Cardiac muscle cells are branching. C. Skeletal muscle cells are individually innervated. D. Skeletal muscle cells have the most complex system of sarcoplasmic reticulum and T-tubules. E. The muscular system is composed of skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle.

E. The muscular system is composed of skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle.

This condition is due to a failure of chondrocytes in the second and third zones of the epiphyseal plate to multiply and enlarge, leading to inadequate endochondral ossification. A. osteoporosis B. rickets C. Paget's disease D. osteogenesis imperfecta E. achondroplastic dwarfism

E. achondroplastic dwarfism

Which of the following does NOT increase the risk for developing osteoporosis? A. calcium deficiency B. slight body build or underweight C. smoking and excessive alcohol consumption D. being Caucasian or Asian E. moderate weight-bearing exercise

E. moderate weight-bearing exercise

Which one of these foramina is NOT correctly matched with its bone? A. carotid foramen: temporal B. foramen magnum: occipital C. mental foramen: mandible D. olfactory foramina: ethmoid E. optic foramen: frontal

E. optic foramen: frontal

These bones may develop in certain tendons where there is considerable friction, tension, and physical stress. A. sutural or Worminan B. long C. irregular D. short, not sesamoid E. short, sesamoid

E. short, sesamoid

Which is INCORRECTLY matched? A. longest muscle: sartorius B. smallest muscle: stapedius C. widest muscle: latissimus dorsi D. largest muscle: gluteus maximus E. strongest muscle group: hamstrings

E. strongest muscle group: hamstrings

The "keystone" bone of the facial bones because it articulates with all the facial bones except one.

Maxillae

This butterfly-shaped bone is sometimes called the "keystone" of the cranium because it articulates with all the other cranial bones and joins the facial and cranial bones.

Sphenoid

The movement of a limb away from the midline is called __________.

abduction

The movement of a limb toward the midline is called __________.

adduction

A slightly movable joint is called a(n) ________ joint.

amphiarthrotic

Most flexor muscles of the upper limb are located on the ________ aspect of the body; most extensor muscles of the upper limb are located on the ________ aspect of the body.

anterior, posterior

A flat type of tendon such as that found as part of the origin of the latissimus dorsi is called a(n) ________ .

aponeurosis

The pelvic girdle is part of the _________ .

appendicular skeleton

This vertebra has a process that may be driven into a vital area of the brain stem called the medulla oblongata during a whiplash accident. The vertebra is the _________ and the process is the ___________.

axis: odontoid process (dens)

When does the thoracic curvature develop?

before birth

This binds with troponin and results in the unblocking of the myosin binding site

calcium ions

This muscle's main action is to abduct the humerus.

deltoid

A freely movable joint is called a ________ joint.

diarthrotic joint

The ________ of the scapula articulates with the head of the humerus.

glenoid fossa

The teeth in their alveolar sockets are an example anatomically of a _________ .

gomphosis

This type of joint is found between the phalanges (interphalangeal joint).

hinge

When you put your hands on your hips, you are putting them on your ________ .

iliac crests

Which bone marking of the pelvis do you sit upon?

ilischial tuberosities

When a person with osteoporosis breaks a "hip," what is usually broken?

neck of femur

The movement of the thumb across the palm to touch the tips of the fingers on the same hand is called ________ . This movement allows humans and other primates the ability to grasp and manipulate objects very precisely.

opposition

A disease in which the bones are very brittle and subject to fracture. The bone is not very dense. People with this disease may have blue sclera (i.e., the whites of their eyes may be blue). Children with this disease may be mistaken for abused children.

osteoporosis

A "cleft palate" is due to the failure of the hard palate to fuse medially and may be due to a lack of folic acid during pregnancy. The possible bones involved are the _________ .

palatine and maxillae

The connective tissue sheath that surrounds a fascicle is called the _________.

perimysium

The most superficial muscle of the anterior neck. It is tensed during shaving and can express horror or fright.

platysma

When the distal end of your radius is medial to your ulna, then your palm is __________.

pronated

The area where four cranial bones come together in the skull. It is a weak area. There is an artery under this area that makes a fracture here very dangerous.

pterion

The mechanical force of contraction is due to the ________ .

sliding of the thick and thin filaments past each other

The pterygoid processes are a part of this bone.

sphenoid

The fracture of which of the leg bones would result in the greatest loss of function of the lower limb?

tibia

At the elbow, the _________ of the humerus articulates with the ulna.

trochlea

When does the cervical curvature develop?

when the child raises its head

When does the lumbar curvature develop?

when the child starts walking

This part of the sternum may be driven into vital areas such as the liver during cardiopulmonary resuscitation or an accident:

xiphoid process