anatomy exam 3 chap 12

frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital, insula

5 brain lobes

long term memory

LTM

deep grooves

fissure

controls voluntary eye movements

frontal eye field function

short, nonmyelinated neurons and cell bodies

gray matter

located between diencephalon and pons

midbrain

recognizing patterns and faces and localizing us in space

posterior association area

cerebral, diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum

4 regions of adult brain

gives cushion to CNS structure, protects CNS from blows and trauma, nourishes brain and carrier chemical signals

CSF functions

recognizes angry or fearful facial expressions, assesses danger, and elicits fear response

amygdaloid body

horizontal running fibers that connect different parts of same hemisphere

associate fibers

stores memories of sounds and permits perception of sound stimulus

auditory association area

muscle movements, cognition, emotion, regulate intensity of slow or repetitive movements, filter out incorrect responses

basal nuclei function

concussion, contusion, subdural hemorrhage, cerebral edema

brain injuries include

midbrain, pons, medulla

brain stem consists of

controls automatic behaviors necessary for survival

brain stem function

Active in planning speech and voluntary motor activities

broca's area function

11% of brain mass, located posterior to pons and medulla

cerebellum

input from cortex, brain stem, and sensory receptors to provide precise coordinated movements, also helps with balance

cerebellum function

conscious mind, awareness, sensory perception, voluntary motor, initiation, communication, memory storage, understanding

cerebral cortex function

swelling of brain associated with traumatic head injury

cerebral edema

two ventral bulges that contain pyramidal motor tracts

cerebral pudencies

responsible for communication between cerebral areas and between cortex and lower CNS

cerebral white matter

plays role in expressing emotions vis gestures and resolves mental conflict

cingulate gyrus

horizontal fibers that connect gray matter of two hemisphere

commissural fibers

temporary alteration in function

concussion

permanent damage

contusion

severe damage to ventral root or ventral horn cells, impulses do not reach muscles

flaccid paralysis

fiber tract that links system areas

fornix

networks of neurons that work together but span wide areas of brain

functional brain systems

involved in perception of taste

gustatory cortex

ridges

gyrus

memory

hippocampus and amygdaloid body also play role in...

main visceral control and regulating center that is vital to homeostasis, controls autonomic nervous system, initiates physical responses to emotions

hypothalamus function

below thalamus, forms cap over brain stem and form inferolateral walls of third ventricle

hypothalamus location

buried under portions of temporal, parietal, and frontal

insular lobe

controls language, math, and logic

left hemisphere

provides emotional impact that makes a scene important to us and helps establish memories

limbic association area

emotional and affective brain

limbic function

structures on medial aspects of cerebral hemisphere and diencephalon

limbic system

emotional responses to odors, skunk smelling bad

limbic system helps put...

prefrontal lobes

limbic system interacts with...

recollection of an important day in the distant past

long term memory

separates two hemispheres

longitudinal fissure

paired nuclei that act as olfactory relay stations

mammillary bodies

blends into spinal cord at foramen magnum

medulla oblongata

reflex center

medulla oblongata function

vison and hearing

midbrain funciton

sends continuous impulses to cerebral cortex to keep it conscious and alert

RAS (reticular activating system)

makes us who we are/ thoughts, emotions, sensations, emotions

multimodal association areas

mammillary bodies

nuclei in hypothalamus

caused by damage to ventral roots or central horn cells, leads to motor function loss

paralysis

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

parts of brain stem

extends from posterior border

pineal gland

secretes melatonin that helps sleep wake cycle

pineal gland function

located between midbrain and medulla oblongata

pons

connects spinal cord to brain, relays signals between motor cortex and the cerebellum

pons function

helps with working memory, abstract ideas, judgement, reasoning, persistence, and planning

prefrontal cortex area

controls learned, repetitious or patterned motor skills, controls voluntary actions that depend on sensory feedback

premotor cortex function

interprets information from inner ear as pitch, loudness, and location

primary auditory cortex

involved in conscious awareness of odors

primary olfactory cortex

receives visual information from retinas

primary visual cortex

vertical fibers that connect hemispheres with lower bran or spinal cord

projection fibers

large neurons that allow conscious control of precise, skilled, skeletal muscle movement

pyramidal cells

extends through central core of brain stem

reticular formation

sleep centers, alcohol, drugs

reticular formation is inhibited by...

visual-spatial skills, intuition, emotion, and artistic, musical skills

right hemisphere

damage to upper motor neurons of primary motor cortex

spastic paralysis

pressure from blood may force brain stem through foramen magnum, resulting in death

subdural hemorrhage

shallow grooves

sulci

act as relay station for information coming into cortex, mediate sensation, motor activities, cortical arousal, learning and memory

thalamus function

separates cerebrum and cerebellum

transverse cerebral fissure

happens when there is a blow to the head

traumatic brain injuries

flaccid or spastic

types of paralysis

conscious perception of visceral sensations such as upset stomach or full bladder

visceral sensory area

uses primary visual experiences to interpret visual stimuli

visual association area

epithalamus

where is pineal gland located

myelinated and nonmyelinated axons

white matter