anatomy exam 3 chap 12
frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital, insula
5 brain lobes
long term memory
LTM
deep grooves
fissure
controls voluntary eye movements
frontal eye field function
short, nonmyelinated neurons and cell bodies
gray matter
located between diencephalon and pons
midbrain
recognizing patterns and faces and localizing us in space
posterior association area
cerebral, diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum
4 regions of adult brain
gives cushion to CNS structure, protects CNS from blows and trauma, nourishes brain and carrier chemical signals
CSF functions
recognizes angry or fearful facial expressions, assesses danger, and elicits fear response
amygdaloid body
horizontal running fibers that connect different parts of same hemisphere
associate fibers
stores memories of sounds and permits perception of sound stimulus
auditory association area
muscle movements, cognition, emotion, regulate intensity of slow or repetitive movements, filter out incorrect responses
basal nuclei function
concussion, contusion, subdural hemorrhage, cerebral edema
brain injuries include
midbrain, pons, medulla
brain stem consists of
controls automatic behaviors necessary for survival
brain stem function
Active in planning speech and voluntary motor activities
broca's area function
11% of brain mass, located posterior to pons and medulla
cerebellum
input from cortex, brain stem, and sensory receptors to provide precise coordinated movements, also helps with balance
cerebellum function
conscious mind, awareness, sensory perception, voluntary motor, initiation, communication, memory storage, understanding
cerebral cortex function
swelling of brain associated with traumatic head injury
cerebral edema
two ventral bulges that contain pyramidal motor tracts
cerebral pudencies
responsible for communication between cerebral areas and between cortex and lower CNS
cerebral white matter
plays role in expressing emotions vis gestures and resolves mental conflict
cingulate gyrus
horizontal fibers that connect gray matter of two hemisphere
commissural fibers
temporary alteration in function
concussion
permanent damage
contusion
severe damage to ventral root or ventral horn cells, impulses do not reach muscles
flaccid paralysis
fiber tract that links system areas
fornix
networks of neurons that work together but span wide areas of brain
functional brain systems
involved in perception of taste
gustatory cortex
ridges
gyrus
memory
hippocampus and amygdaloid body also play role in...
main visceral control and regulating center that is vital to homeostasis, controls autonomic nervous system, initiates physical responses to emotions
hypothalamus function
below thalamus, forms cap over brain stem and form inferolateral walls of third ventricle
hypothalamus location
buried under portions of temporal, parietal, and frontal
insular lobe
controls language, math, and logic
left hemisphere
provides emotional impact that makes a scene important to us and helps establish memories
limbic association area
emotional and affective brain
limbic function
structures on medial aspects of cerebral hemisphere and diencephalon
limbic system
emotional responses to odors, skunk smelling bad
limbic system helps put...
prefrontal lobes
limbic system interacts with...
recollection of an important day in the distant past
long term memory
separates two hemispheres
longitudinal fissure
paired nuclei that act as olfactory relay stations
mammillary bodies
blends into spinal cord at foramen magnum
medulla oblongata
reflex center
medulla oblongata function
vison and hearing
midbrain funciton
sends continuous impulses to cerebral cortex to keep it conscious and alert
RAS (reticular activating system)
makes us who we are/ thoughts, emotions, sensations, emotions
multimodal association areas
mammillary bodies
nuclei in hypothalamus
caused by damage to ventral roots or central horn cells, leads to motor function loss
paralysis
midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
parts of brain stem
extends from posterior border
pineal gland
secretes melatonin that helps sleep wake cycle
pineal gland function
located between midbrain and medulla oblongata
pons
connects spinal cord to brain, relays signals between motor cortex and the cerebellum
pons function
helps with working memory, abstract ideas, judgement, reasoning, persistence, and planning
prefrontal cortex area
controls learned, repetitious or patterned motor skills, controls voluntary actions that depend on sensory feedback
premotor cortex function
interprets information from inner ear as pitch, loudness, and location
primary auditory cortex
involved in conscious awareness of odors
primary olfactory cortex
receives visual information from retinas
primary visual cortex
vertical fibers that connect hemispheres with lower bran or spinal cord
projection fibers
large neurons that allow conscious control of precise, skilled, skeletal muscle movement
pyramidal cells
extends through central core of brain stem
reticular formation
sleep centers, alcohol, drugs
reticular formation is inhibited by...
visual-spatial skills, intuition, emotion, and artistic, musical skills
right hemisphere
damage to upper motor neurons of primary motor cortex
spastic paralysis
pressure from blood may force brain stem through foramen magnum, resulting in death
subdural hemorrhage
shallow grooves
sulci
act as relay station for information coming into cortex, mediate sensation, motor activities, cortical arousal, learning and memory
thalamus function
separates cerebrum and cerebellum
transverse cerebral fissure
happens when there is a blow to the head
traumatic brain injuries
flaccid or spastic
types of paralysis
conscious perception of visceral sensations such as upset stomach or full bladder
visceral sensory area
uses primary visual experiences to interpret visual stimuli
visual association area
epithalamus
where is pineal gland located
myelinated and nonmyelinated axons
white matter