Anatomy Exam 4

What glial cells of the CNS assists in forming the blood brain barrier?

Astrocytes

_____ is a state of continual background activity of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.

autonomic tone

A/An _____ synapse is formed when a presynaptic neuron synapses with the cell body of a postsynaptic neuron.

axosomatic

Orthostatic hypotension is the result of inefficiency of an autonomic reflex called the ____.

baroreceptor

Which plexus contains the radial nerve

brachial

The motor pattern for speech is generated in an area of cortex called the ____ and then transmitted to the primary motor cortex to be carried out.

broca area

Which of the following is due to parasympathetic innervation?

bronchial constriction

Linear, analytical, and verbal thinking occurs in the ____ hemisphere of the cerebrum, which is on the left in most people.

categorical

What is found in the dorsal root ganglion?

cell bodies of sensory nerves

The soma of a mature neuron lacks ___.

centrioles.

Which of these is caudal to the hypothalamus?

cerebral aqueduct

Cerebrospinal fluid is secreted partly by a mass of blood capillaries called the _____ in each ventricle.

choroidplexus

The part of the brain that contains myelinated neurons communicating between the right and left hemispheres is

corpus callosum

The right and left cerebral hemispheres are connected to each other by a thick C-shaped bundle of fibers called the ____.

corpus callosum

Neurons receive incoming signals by way of specialized processes called _____.

dendrites

pyramids of medulla oblongata contain

descending corticospinal fibers

Which of these does not result from sympathetic stimulation?

digestive secretion

_____ is a state in which a target organ receives both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers.

dual innervation

Neurons arise from embryonic __________.

ectoderm.

This system used chemical messengers in the blood to communicate

endocrine system

The digestive tract has a semi-independent nervous system called the ____ nervous system.

enteric

The blood-CSF barrier is formed by

ependymal cells

The glial cells that destroy microorganisms in the CNS are ___.

microglia.

The upper body is able to move but the lower body is not able to move

paraplegic

The neural crest gives rise to all of the following expect

parasympathetic preganglionic neurons

All of the nervous system expect the brain and spinal cord is called the _____.

peripheral nervous system

The ____ is the most closely associated with the cerebellum in embryonic development and remains its primary source of input throughout life:

pons

At a given synapse, the ____ neuron had neurotransmitter receptors.

postsynaptic

The primary motor area of the cerebrum is the ____ gyrus of the frontal lobe.

precentral

The sympathetic nervous system has short ___ and long ___ nerve fibers.

preganglionic, postganglionic

All four limbs are unable to move

quadriplegic

Motor effects that depend on repetitive output from a neural pool are most likely to use the ____ type of neural circuit.

reverberating

An afferent neuron is the same as a ___ neuron.

sensory

The autonomic nervous system innervates all of these expect: cardiac muscle skeletal muscle smooth muscle salivary glands blood vessels

skeletal muscle

The adrenal medulla consists of modified postganglionic neurons of the ___ nervous system.

sympathetic

The gray communicating ramus contains

sympathetic postganglionic fibers

Hearing is associated mainly with ______.

temporal lobe

Epinephrine is secreted by

the adrenal medulla

Neurotransmitters are found in _____.

the axon terminal

The most important autonomic control center in the CNS is

the hypothalamus

Which of the following appears earlier than all the rest in prenatal development of the nervous system?

the neural plate

While studying in a noisy cafeteria, you get sleepy and doze off for a few minutes. You awaken with a start and realize that all the cafeteria sounds have just "come back". While you were dozing, this auditory input was blocked from reaching your auditory cortex by

the reticular activating system

Which of the following is not involved in vision

the vagus nerve

Nerves that directly control the motility of the stomach or rate of the heartbeat would belong to

the visceral motor division

How many spinal nerve pairs are there?

31

How many spinal nerves are present?

31

Where is the trigger zone of the neuron?

Axon Hillock

Which spinal plexus does the median nerve emerge from?

Brachial

Which nerve plexus contains the phrenic nerve

Cervical

What is considered the e"listening" end of the neuron?

Dendrite

The integrative functions of the nervous system are performed mainly by?

Interneurons.

In the central nervous system, cells called _____ perform one of the same functions that Schwann cells do in the peripheral nervous system.

Oligodendrocytes.

What is the innermost membrane covering the brain and spinal cord?

Pia

What special sense is carried by cranial nerve number one?

Smell

The sympathetic fibers of the autonomic nervous system emerge from which areas of the spinal cord?

Thoracic and Lumber

The sciatic nerve divides into

Tibial and fibular nerves

The glial cells that guide migrating neurons in the developing fetal brain are ____.

astrocytes

Damage to the _____ nerve could result in defects of eye movement.

abducens

All of the following except the ____ nerve begin or end in the orbit. optic oculomotor trochlear abducens accessory

accessory

Muscarinic receptors bind

acetylcholine

Nerve fibers that secrete norepinephrine are called _____ fibers.

adrenergic

Neurons that convey information to the CNS are called sensory, or ______, neurons.

afferent

Which is a lower body nerve? tibial saphenous obturator

all of the above

Prenatal degeneration of the forebrain results in a birth defect called ______.

anencephaly

In a sagittal section, the cerebellar white matter exhibits a branching pattern called the ____.

arbor vitae

Areas of cerebral cortex that identify or interpret sensory information are called ____.

association cortex

Your personality is determined mainly by which lobe of the cerebrum?

frontal

In the peripheral nervous system, the somas of the neurons are concentrated in enlarged, knot-like structures called _____ connected to the nerves.

ganglia

Only right side of body is paralyzed

hemiplegic

The part of the limbic system involved in storing memories and forming long-term memory is the

hippocampus

All of the following cranial nerves except the ____ carry parasympathetic fibers.

hypoglossal

Because of a brain lesion, a certain patient never feels full, but eats so excessively that she now weighs nearly 270 kg (600 lb). The lesion is most likely in her

hypothalamus

Which of these ganglia is not involved in the sympathetic division?

intramural

Which is NOT a ventricle of the brain? second third fourth lateral

lateral

Another name for the axon of a neuron is _____.

nerve fiber.

This system uses electrical and chemical means communicate

nervous system

The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all autonomic ganglia and postganglionic neurons, but not any preganglionic neurons, is the ___.

neural crest

The _____ and _____ are necessary for regeneration of damaged nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system.

neurilemma, endoneurium

Which of the following cranial nerves carries sympathetic fibers?

none of the cranial nerves

A friend takes a flash photograph of you, and you continue to see an image of the flash unit for several seconds afterward. This phenomenon is the result of a __________ circuit.

parallel after-discharge.

The hypothalamus is found below the thalamus

true

Most parasympathetic preganglionic fibers are found in the _____ nerve.

vagus

Sympathetic stimulation of blood vessels maintains a state of partial vasoconstriction called ____.

vasomotor tone

The brain had four chambers called ____ filled with ____ fluid.

ventricles, cerebospinal