Anatomy Lecture Exam 1 Indiana University

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pinocytosis

"cell drinking;" ingestion of fluid and small particles into the cell

phagocytosis

"cell eating;" engulfment of large particles with membrane extensions

pericardial cavity

(within mediastinum) contains the heart

Lateral

Away from the midline of the body

active transport

Endocytosis and exocytosis are both a part of _________ _________.

Posterior (dorsal)

In back of; toward the back surface

free ribosomes

Makes proteins for the cell

selectively permeable

The plasma membrane is ______________ _______________.

anatomical position

To stand erect with arms at the sides and palms of the hands turned forward

Medial

Toward the midline of the body

1. chemical level 2. cellular level 3. tissue level 4. organ level 5. organ system level 6. organism level

What are the 6 levels of body organization?

phagocytosis; pinocytosis; receptor-mediated endocytosis

What are the three types of endocytosis?

free ribosomes; ribosomes attached to the ER

What are the two kinds of ribosomes?

microvilli; cilia; flagellum

What are three specializations of the plasma membrane?

The abdominal region and the pelvic region

What does the abdominopelvic region contain?

atoms and molecules

What does the chemical level consist of?

orbital; nasal; buccal; oral; mental

What does the facial region include?

materials are packaged within vesicles; vesicles fuse with the cell membrane and release contents outside of cell

What happens during exocytosis?

brachii

What is another word for arm?

mammary region

What is the anatomical region of the breast called?

thoracic region

What is the anatomical region of the chest called?

Cervical region

What is the anatomical region of the neck called?

cranial region

What is the anatomical region of the skull called?

axillary region

What is the anatomical region of your armpit called?

sternal region

What is the anatomical region of your sternum called?

buccal

What is the anatomical term for cheek or region of the cheek?

mental

What is the anatomical term for chin or region of the chin?

orbital

What is the anatomical term for eye or region of the eye?

oral

What is the anatomical term for mouth or region of the mouth?

nasal

What is the anatomical term for nose or region of the nose?

pleural cavity

What is the cavity that contains the lungs?

vertebral cavity

What is the cavity that contains the spinal cord?

ventral cavity (anterior cavity)

What is the cavity that contains the thoracic cavity?

cranial cavity

What is the cavity that houses the brain?

cephalic region

What is the head region called?

Antecubital region

What is the region for the front of the elbow called?

tarsal region

What is the region of the ankle called? (proximal part of the foot and ankle)

brachial region

What is the region of the arm called? (the portion of the upper limb located between the shoulder and elbow)

dorsum region (relating to the hand)

What is the region of the back of the hand called?

popliteal region

What is the region of the back of the knee called?

pectoral region

What is the region of the chest called?

cubital region

What is the region of the entire elbow called?

Pedal region

What is the region of the foot called?

antebrachial region

What is the region of the forearm called? (the portion of the upper limb between the elbow and wrist)

patellar region

What is the region of the front surface of the knee called?

manus region

What is the region of the hand called?

crural region

What is the region of the leg called? (between knee and ankle)

palmar region

What is the region of the palm of the hand called?

deltoid region

What is the region of the shoulder called?

plantar region

What is the region of the sole of the foot called?

femoral region

What is the region of the thigh called?

dorsum region (relating to the foot)

What is the region of the top of foot called?

carpal region

What is the region of the wrist called?

Has two layers of phospholipids containing cholesterol and proteins

What is the structure of the cell membrane?

between the diaphragm and the top of the hip bones

Where is the abdominal region located?

between the hip bones

Where is the pelvic region located?

Tissue

a group of similar cells that perform a common function

Endoplasmic Reticulum

a network of tubules used to transport and synthesize (produce) materials

Mediastinum

area between the lungs containing the heart, aorta, venae cavae, esophagus, and trachea

lateral

away from the midline

Cell

basic structural and functional unit of life; the smallest living structures that serve as the basic units of structure and function in organisms

abdominopelvic cavity

cavity that contains organs of digestive system as well as kidneys and ureters of urinary system

Inferior (caudal)

closer to the feet

Superior (cranial)

closer to the head

Proximal

closest to point of attachment to trunk

Organ

contain two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific, complex functions

pelvic cavity

contains distal part of the large intestine, the urinary bladder and urethra, and the internal reproductive organs

coronal (frontal) plane

divides the body or organ into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions

midsagittal plane

divides the body or organ into equal right and left portions

Transverse (horizontal/cross-sectional) plane

divides the body or organ into superior (top) and inferior (bottom) portions

saggital plane

divides the body or organ into unequal right and left portions

simple diffusion

example of passive transport; movement of substances through the cell membrane based on concentration differences (high to low)

Distal

furthest from point of attachment to trunk

Organ system

group of organs that work together to perform a specific function

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

has ribosomes on walls. Transports and modifies proteins made by ribosomes.

Organsim

has several organ systems which work together to maintain life; highest level of structural organization in the body

thoracic cavity

houses the pleural cavity, mediastinum, and pericardial cavity

Plains of reference

imaginary lines or actual dissecting cuts (sections) which may be used to "section" the body or an organ.

Anterior (ventral)

in front of; toward the front surface

Proteins

in the cell membrane and loosely attached to the surface

ribosomes

involved in protein synthesis

ribosomes attached to ER

make proteins primarily for export

cilia

motile; move substances over the surface of stationary cells

flagellum

motile; whip-like structure that moves cells (sperm cells)

active transport

movement of substances through the cell membrane against a concentration gradient

microvilli

nonmotile, help increase surface area

Deep

on the inside; internal to another structure

Contralateral

on the opposite side

Superficial

on the outside; external to another structure

Ipsilateral

on the same side

glycolipids

phospholipids with carbohydrates attached

Endocytosis

process by which large molecules are brought into the cell

exocytosis

process by which large molecules are secreted by the cell

mitochondrion

produces ATP

glycoproteins

proteins with carbohydrates attached

receptor-mediated endocytosis

substances bind to receptors which stimulates the formation of an invagination and ultimately a vesicle is internalized

plasma membrane

surrounds cell; forms a limiting barrier between external and internal environments

passive transport

the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell

Medial

toward the midline

Rostral

toward the nose or mouth


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