Anatomy Lecture Exam 1 Indiana University
pinocytosis
"cell drinking;" ingestion of fluid and small particles into the cell
phagocytosis
"cell eating;" engulfment of large particles with membrane extensions
pericardial cavity
(within mediastinum) contains the heart
Lateral
Away from the midline of the body
active transport
Endocytosis and exocytosis are both a part of _________ _________.
Posterior (dorsal)
In back of; toward the back surface
free ribosomes
Makes proteins for the cell
selectively permeable
The plasma membrane is ______________ _______________.
anatomical position
To stand erect with arms at the sides and palms of the hands turned forward
Medial
Toward the midline of the body
1. chemical level 2. cellular level 3. tissue level 4. organ level 5. organ system level 6. organism level
What are the 6 levels of body organization?
phagocytosis; pinocytosis; receptor-mediated endocytosis
What are the three types of endocytosis?
free ribosomes; ribosomes attached to the ER
What are the two kinds of ribosomes?
microvilli; cilia; flagellum
What are three specializations of the plasma membrane?
The abdominal region and the pelvic region
What does the abdominopelvic region contain?
atoms and molecules
What does the chemical level consist of?
orbital; nasal; buccal; oral; mental
What does the facial region include?
materials are packaged within vesicles; vesicles fuse with the cell membrane and release contents outside of cell
What happens during exocytosis?
brachii
What is another word for arm?
mammary region
What is the anatomical region of the breast called?
thoracic region
What is the anatomical region of the chest called?
Cervical region
What is the anatomical region of the neck called?
cranial region
What is the anatomical region of the skull called?
axillary region
What is the anatomical region of your armpit called?
sternal region
What is the anatomical region of your sternum called?
buccal
What is the anatomical term for cheek or region of the cheek?
mental
What is the anatomical term for chin or region of the chin?
orbital
What is the anatomical term for eye or region of the eye?
oral
What is the anatomical term for mouth or region of the mouth?
nasal
What is the anatomical term for nose or region of the nose?
pleural cavity
What is the cavity that contains the lungs?
vertebral cavity
What is the cavity that contains the spinal cord?
ventral cavity (anterior cavity)
What is the cavity that contains the thoracic cavity?
cranial cavity
What is the cavity that houses the brain?
cephalic region
What is the head region called?
Antecubital region
What is the region for the front of the elbow called?
tarsal region
What is the region of the ankle called? (proximal part of the foot and ankle)
brachial region
What is the region of the arm called? (the portion of the upper limb located between the shoulder and elbow)
dorsum region (relating to the hand)
What is the region of the back of the hand called?
popliteal region
What is the region of the back of the knee called?
pectoral region
What is the region of the chest called?
cubital region
What is the region of the entire elbow called?
Pedal region
What is the region of the foot called?
antebrachial region
What is the region of the forearm called? (the portion of the upper limb between the elbow and wrist)
patellar region
What is the region of the front surface of the knee called?
manus region
What is the region of the hand called?
crural region
What is the region of the leg called? (between knee and ankle)
palmar region
What is the region of the palm of the hand called?
deltoid region
What is the region of the shoulder called?
plantar region
What is the region of the sole of the foot called?
femoral region
What is the region of the thigh called?
dorsum region (relating to the foot)
What is the region of the top of foot called?
carpal region
What is the region of the wrist called?
Has two layers of phospholipids containing cholesterol and proteins
What is the structure of the cell membrane?
between the diaphragm and the top of the hip bones
Where is the abdominal region located?
between the hip bones
Where is the pelvic region located?
Tissue
a group of similar cells that perform a common function
Endoplasmic Reticulum
a network of tubules used to transport and synthesize (produce) materials
Mediastinum
area between the lungs containing the heart, aorta, venae cavae, esophagus, and trachea
lateral
away from the midline
Cell
basic structural and functional unit of life; the smallest living structures that serve as the basic units of structure and function in organisms
abdominopelvic cavity
cavity that contains organs of digestive system as well as kidneys and ureters of urinary system
Inferior (caudal)
closer to the feet
Superior (cranial)
closer to the head
Proximal
closest to point of attachment to trunk
Organ
contain two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific, complex functions
pelvic cavity
contains distal part of the large intestine, the urinary bladder and urethra, and the internal reproductive organs
coronal (frontal) plane
divides the body or organ into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions
midsagittal plane
divides the body or organ into equal right and left portions
Transverse (horizontal/cross-sectional) plane
divides the body or organ into superior (top) and inferior (bottom) portions
saggital plane
divides the body or organ into unequal right and left portions
simple diffusion
example of passive transport; movement of substances through the cell membrane based on concentration differences (high to low)
Distal
furthest from point of attachment to trunk
Organ system
group of organs that work together to perform a specific function
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
has ribosomes on walls. Transports and modifies proteins made by ribosomes.
Organsim
has several organ systems which work together to maintain life; highest level of structural organization in the body
thoracic cavity
houses the pleural cavity, mediastinum, and pericardial cavity
Plains of reference
imaginary lines or actual dissecting cuts (sections) which may be used to "section" the body or an organ.
Anterior (ventral)
in front of; toward the front surface
Proteins
in the cell membrane and loosely attached to the surface
ribosomes
involved in protein synthesis
ribosomes attached to ER
make proteins primarily for export
cilia
motile; move substances over the surface of stationary cells
flagellum
motile; whip-like structure that moves cells (sperm cells)
active transport
movement of substances through the cell membrane against a concentration gradient
microvilli
nonmotile, help increase surface area
Deep
on the inside; internal to another structure
Contralateral
on the opposite side
Superficial
on the outside; external to another structure
Ipsilateral
on the same side
glycolipids
phospholipids with carbohydrates attached
Endocytosis
process by which large molecules are brought into the cell
exocytosis
process by which large molecules are secreted by the cell
mitochondrion
produces ATP
glycoproteins
proteins with carbohydrates attached
receptor-mediated endocytosis
substances bind to receptors which stimulates the formation of an invagination and ultimately a vesicle is internalized
plasma membrane
surrounds cell; forms a limiting barrier between external and internal environments
passive transport
the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell
Medial
toward the midline
Rostral
toward the nose or mouth