Anatomy Lecture Exam 3

Hormones secreted by the testis and ovaries are a. ADH and oxytocin b. LH c. progesterone and estrogen d. testosterone and progesterone e. b and d

d. testosterone and progesterone

Please identify the incorrect statement regarding an electrocardiogram: a. an ECG is recorded on 1mm x 1mm graft paper. The vertical lines represent millivolts b. the QRS complex is usually less than 0.1 seconds. This represents how quickly the ventricles depolarize c. the T wave represents ventricular repolarization and is shorter than ventricular depolarization d. atrial repolarization has virtually no representation as it masked by the QRS complex e. prominent U waves indicate cardiac pathology

a. an ECG is recorded on 1mm x 1mm graft paper. The vertical lines represent millivolts

When a clot forms in a coronary vessel and obstructs blood flow to the muscle, the condition is referred to as a(n) a. coronary thrombosis b. pulmonary embolism c. angina pectoris d. myocardial infarction e. none of the answers are correct

a. coronary thrombosis

Heart transplants are done about 20 times more often than heart/lung transplants. Many patients still die in the need of heart/lung transplants. Choose the primary reason. a. lack of suitable healthy heart/lung donors b. most recipients are over age 60 c. rejection and infection are not easily controllable d. heart/lung machine do not adequately oxygenate the blood e. blood flow to the transplanted lungs is compromised by the transplanted heart and lung failure follows

a. lack of suitable healthy heart/lung donors

What is the youngest age that a heart may be transplanted? a. less than a month b. one year old c. 18 years old d. 21 years old e. 40 years old

a. less than a month old

We have studied the unique feature of myocardium spontaneously depolarizing; therefore, facilitating heart transplants as direct neural innervation is not necessary for function. What other transplant organ appears to also have the same benefit of auto rhythmicity? a. renal transplant b. corneal transplant c. liver transplant d. complete hand transplant e. none of the above

a. renal transplant

In the United States the human heart is transplanted about how many times a year? a. 200 times b. 2,500 times c. 5,000 times d. 75 times e. 10,000 times

b. 2,500 times

A 4kg term fetus will have approximately how much blood? a. 600 ml excluding placenta blood volume b. 400 ml excluding placenta blood volume c. 1000 ml including placenta blood volume d. 1500 ml including placenta blood volume e. cannot be determined because of material/fetal blood mixing

b. 400 ml excluding placenta blood volume

Which of the following transfusions would be most pathological? a. O+ to an O- recipient b. AB- to an A- recipient c. AB+ to an AB+ recipient d. O- to an O + recipient e. AB+ to an AB- recipient

b. AB- to an A- recipient

During ventricular systole, the a. atria are contracting b. AV valves are closed c. ventricles are relaxed d. pressure in the ventricles declines e. the ventricles are filling

b. AV valves are closed

Which of the following is a major component of the conduction system located in the interventricular septum? a. SA node b. Bundle branches c. AV node d. Purkinje fibers e. none of the answers are correct

b. Bundle branches

In terms of time, at rest one cardiac cycle lasts a. about 1.5 seconds b. a little under 1 second c. 5 seconds d. about a half second e. none of the answers are correct

b. a little under 1 second

Cardiac muscle cells obtain energy almost exclusively through a. anaerobic pathways b. aerobic respiration c. glycolysis d. the Krebs cycle e. protein stores

b. aerobic respiration

B cells can differentiate into plasmocytes, which are responsible for the production and secretion of _______. a. lymphocytes b. antibodies c. erythrocytes d. platelets e. antigens

b. antibodies

The white blood cells that contain granules with histamine are called a. eosinophils b. basophils c. neutrophils d. erythrocytes e. lymphocytes

b. basophils

At rest the heart rate is usually ____________ by parasympathetic control. a. increased b. decreased c. unchanged d. shut down e. none of the answers are correct

b. decreased

In the fetus which major vessel connecting to the heart contains the most deoxygenated blood? a. inferior vena cava b. superior vena cava c. aorta d. pulmonary trunk e. coronary arteries

b. superior vena cava

The most serious place for a blockage of a coronary artery is a. the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery b. the left coronary artery c. the right marginal branch of the right coronary artery d. the posterior interventricular artery e. left anterior descending artery

b. the left coronary artery

Which of the following is/are true regarding plasma expanders? a. because of large proteins, the osmolality is nearly the same as plasma b. they are useful for short term (a couple of hours) hypovolemia c. they are easily stored and can be used to treat hypoxia d. b and c e. a, b and c

b. they are useful for short term (a couple of hours) hypovolemia

The contraction of any one cardiac muscle fiber a. will trigger an all-or-none response in all other cardiac fibers b. will cause the contraction of several others c. will cause the rate of heart muscle contraction to increase d. will stimulate the electrical conduction system of the heart e. will do none of the above

b. will cause the contraction of several others

The blood type that could be given to anyone without the risk of a cross reaction in a packed cell transfusion is: a. A- b. B- c. O- d. Rh+ e. AB-

c. O-

Which is the least common type of white blood cell? a. neutrophil b. eosinophil c. basophil d. monocyte e. lymphocyte

c. basophil

Cardiac muscle differs from other muscle tissue in a. no ways; it is not unusual b. having striations c. having fibers connected to one another at intercalated discs d. having fewer mitochondria e. having larger sized fibers than other striated muscles

c. having fibers connected to one another at intercalated discs

Plasma proteins that are important in body defense are the a. clotting proteins b. fibrinogens c. immunoglobulins d. albumins e. metalloproteins

c. immunoglobulins

The right ventricle pumps blood into the a. aortic semilunar valves b. pulmonary veins c. pulmonary arteries d. aorta e. vena cava

c. pulmonary arteries

The left atrium receives blood from the a. coronary arteries b. mitral valve c. pulmonary veins d. aorta e. pulmonary trunk

c. pulmonary veins

The moderator band is located in the a. left ventricle b. right atrium c. right ventricle d. left atrium e. interventricular sulcus

c. right ventricle

The first heart sound, otherwise called the "lubb" sound, signals (the) a. start of atrial contraction b. start of ventricular filling, when the semilunar valves close c. start of ventricular contraction and the closing of the atrioventricular valves and the opening of the semilunar valves d. turbulence generated at the start of the filling of the atria e. none of the above

c. start of ventricular contraction and the closing of the atrioventricular valves and the opening of the semilunar valves

The phase of the cardiac cycle during which each chamber contracts and pushes blood into the next structure is a. diastole b. relaxation c. systole d. ejection e. none of the answers are correct

c. systole

A patient with congenital cardiovascular pathology presents with an incomplete interventricular septum. The aorta is found where the normal termination of the interventricular septum ends. Both ventricles are similar in size and thickness and pulmonary stenosis is evident. Identify the pathology: a. patent foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus b. ventricular septum defect c. tetralogy of Fallot d. transposition of the great vessels e. a and b are both correct

c. tetralogy of Fallot

Which of the following is/true regarding plasma expanders? a. because of large proteins, the osmolality is nearly the same as plasma b. they are easily stored and can be used to treat hypoxia c. they are useful for short term (a couple of hours) hypovolemia d. b and c e. a, b, and c

c. they are useful for short term (a couple of hours) hypovolemia

Which of the following is TRUE of the coronary arteries? a. they branch off the pulmonary veins b. together they supply part of the heart muscle with oxygen c. they originate at the base of the aorta and are the first branches off this vessel d. they open and close in pulsation with the contraction and relaxation of the heart ventricles e. none of the answers are correct

c. they originate at the base of the aorta and are the first branches off this vessel

As a rule, arteries carry oxygen and nutrient-rich blood while veins carry oxygen and nutrient poor blood. Which of the following vessels do not fit these generalizations? (1) renal arteries (2) fetal inferior vena cava (3) hepatic portal vein (4) pulmonary arteries (5) abdominal aorta (6) superior mesenteric artery a. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 b. 2, 4, 6 c. 1, 3, 5 d. 2, 3, 4 e. 2, 3, 5, 6

d. 2, 3, 4

The human heart beats how many times in the average life? a. 31 million times b. 12 billion times c. 2 million times d. 2.5 billion times e. 12 thousand times

d. 2.5 billion times

What is the five year survival rate for a heart transplant patient? a. 50% b. 10% c. 100% d. 70% e. 20%

d. 70%

Diabetes mellitus is characterized by high plasma glucose concentrations that the system cannot manage. The resulting hyperglycemia, glycosuria, and polyuria result in other system pathology. Which of the following statements are true? a. diabetic patients are at high risk for periodontal disease, which is linked to cardiovascular disease b. for any age group, heart attacks are about four times more common in diabetic individuals when compared to non-diabetic individuals c. even though tissues are starving for glucose, high quality vascular beds proliferate to compensate. d. a and b e. b and c

d. a and b

In Diabetes Mellitus type ।, identify the correct statements. a. mutations in the genome can result in inadequate functional insulin b. mutations in the genome can result in abnormal insulin molecules that do not function or only function partially c. since most cells have receptors and must recognize insulin to mobilize glucose into their cytoplasm, a mutation in the genome could produce defective receptor proteins d. a, b and c e. a, b only

d. a, b and c

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn? a. some forms may be as mild as undetected b. anti-A and Anti-B antibodies do not cross the placenta c. maternal anti-Rh antibodies do cross the placenta and destroy fetal Erythrocytes d. anti-Rh antibodies sensitize the mother for future pregnancies e. if the fetus is in danger, a fetal blood transfusion can be done in the uterus to remove maternal anti-Rh antibodies from the fetus

d. anti-Rh antibodies sensitize the mother for future pregnancies

Chordae tendinae and papillary muscles are important in the function of the a. pulmonary semilunar valves b. filling of the auricles d. atrioventricular valves d. pulmonary veins e. pulmonary arteries

d. atrioventricular valves

Which of the following are correct statements regarding heart transplants? a. donor heart(s) stored in a chilled stabilizing solution works for about four hours however these donor hearts can be transported for eight hours b. "heart in a box" utilizes warm oxygenated donor blood to extend heart storage and transport time c. "heart in a box" increases recipient life expectancy because more comprehensive assessment of the donor heart can be performed d. b and c e. a and c

d. b and c

A hormone which increases the rate of glucose breakdown and glucose release by the liver is a. insulin b. somatostatin c. renin d. glucagon e. glucocorticoids

d. glucagon

Fetal blood is usually only about 80% saturated with oxygen, fetal hemoglobin has a different microanatomy than adult hemoglobin and thereby a greater affinity for oxygen and the hematocrit of the fetus is greater than adults, this would best be explained by: a. the increased demands of the fetus for oxygen b. to facilitate oxygen transfer from maternal blood to fetal blood c. to compensate for the inefficiency of the fetal heart acting as one pump d. only b and c e. a, b, and c

d. only b and c

The left ventricle a.. has thinner muscular walls than does the right ventricle b. receives blood from the left atrium through the tricuspid valve c. pumps blood out of the heart to the pulmonary circuit d. sends blood out through the aortic semilunar valve to the systemic circulation e. does all of the above

d. sends blood out through the aortic semilunar valve to the systemic circulation

If the sinoatrial node is damaged, what will happen to the heartbeat? a. it will be generated by the bundle branches, at a much lower rate b. the heart will stop c. the heart beat will increase in rate, but not in forcefulness d. the atrioventricular node will take over setting the pace, at a speed somewhat slower than normal e. it will become more forceful

d. the atrioventricular node will take over setting the pace, at a speed somewhat slower than normal

The heart has the unique ability to change its workload. On average the heart can pump between ________ and ________ liters of blood per minute. a. 2; 20 b. 1; 3 c. 10; 20 d. 5; 50 e. 5; 30

e. 5; 30

Arteriosclerosis complications account for almost half of the deaths in the United States. Identify the correct statements. a. focal calcification, when rapid is most commonly associated with diabetes mellitus or endocrine disorders of the thyroid or parathyroid gland(s) b. in atherosclerosis, foam cells attach themselves to the endothelial lining of blood vessels. These cells release cytokines specifically growth factors that initiate smooth muscle growth and thickening of the artery c. all of the following are risk factors: 1. Age 2. Male 3. Smoking 4. Chlamydia pneumonia 5. High cholesterol diets 6. Obesity d. a and c e. a, b, and c

e. a, b, and c

Progesterone is released by a. ovaries b. placenta c. anterior pituitary d. posterior pituitary e. both a and b

e. both a and b

Cardiac muscle cells do not need ___________ to contract a. ATP b. sodium c. potassium d. calcium e. nervous stimulation

e. nervous stimulation

Prominent muscular ridges that run along the inner surface of the auricle and across the ventricle. a. chordae tendinae b. foramen ovale c. papillary muscles d. pectinate muscles e. trabeculae carnae

e. trabeculae carnae