Anatomy Midterm Review: Chapter 2/3

Why is ATP categorized as a nucleic acid:

ATP is a modified nucleotide w/ three phosphate groups, ribose, and adenine

Which of the following is NOT a structural component of the nucleus:

Golgi apparatus

An acid is a molecule that releases (donates)

H+ ions

Which of the following statements about RNA is true:

RNA is single stranded

Which of the following is classified as an inorganic compound:

water

Which of the following solutions is the weakest acid:

a solution with a pH of 6.4

A lipid containing three fatty acid chains and one glycerol is called:

a triglyceride

The movement of substances through the cell membrane against their contrentation gradient is a type of ___________ process

active

The most common steroid is:

cholesterol

Cellular material located outside the nucleus yet inside the plasma membrane is the __________

cytoplasm

Which of the following is NOT considered a cytoplasmic organelle:

cytoplasm

The two locations for ribosomes in a cell are ___________ and ___________

cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum

The three major components of the cytoplasm are the:

cytosol, organelles, and inclusions

Unsaturated fats contain one or more ___________ bonds between carbon atoms

double

The movement of ions across cell membranes is an example of:

electrical energy

The subatomic particles that are responsible for the chemical behavior of atoms are the

electrons

Which of the following substances below is matched with its correct organic group:

enzymes - proteins

Saturated fats:

exist as solids at room temperature

Which of the following processes require the use of protein carrier molecules:

facilitated diffusion and solute pumping

The movement of fluid through the cell membrane from a high pressure area to a lower pressure area is called:

filtration

Which of the following do not involve the movement of molecules from an area of greater concentration to an area of lower concentration:

filtration

Glycogen is the storage form of ___________ in animals

glucose

The molecules that make the cell surface fuzzy, sticky, and sugar-rich are the

glycoproteins

Lysosomes are secreted by another organelle known as the ___________

golgi apparatus

Which of the following is an example of an inorganic molecule:

hydrochloric acid

Trans fats are oils that have been solidified by the addition of:

hydrogen atoms

The nucleotide chains of DNA are held together by:

hydrogen bonds

The phospholipid tails are ___________ which make the plasma membrane impermeable to water

hydrophobic

A cell would plump with water and possibly lyse in which of the following solutions:

hypotonic

A patient arrives in the hospital extremely dehydrated. In order to fill his cells with fluid, what type of intravenous drip should he receive

hypotonic

A solution that contains fewer solutes than the cell is:

hypotonic

Ribosomes are found:

in the cytoplasm and on the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Enzymes:

increase the rates of chemical reactions by at least a millionfold

The nucleoplasm and cytosol make up the ___________ fluid

intracelullar/cytoplasmic

A solution with a pH of 7

is neutral

Which one of the following is NOT true about the plasma membrane:

it allows water soluble molecules to pass through easily

Which of the following statements about ATP is false:

its energy is captured in high-energy hydrogen bonds

The organelle that contains enzymes produced by ribosomes and packaged by the Golgi apparatus is the:

lysosome

___________ are simple sugars containing between 3 and 7 carbon atoms

monosaccharides

When a pair of electrons is shared equally between two atoms, the bond formed is called a(n):

non polar covalent bond

The specialized cellular compartments w/in the cytosol of the cell are collectively called ___________

organelles

Compounds that contain carbon-hydrogen bonding are collectively termed ___________ compounds

organic

The passive process that involves the movement of water through aquaporins is ___________

osmosis

The must abundant element in the human body is:

oxygen

Two types of endocytosis are:

phagocytosis and phinocytosis

Glycogen and starch are examples of a specific category of ___________

polysaccharides

What assists the movement of substances by facilitated diffusion:

protein carrier or channel

The organic compounds that function in building tissues and acting as enzymes are the:

proteins

Two or more polypeptides combine to form a complex structure called:

quaternary structure

An atom that has lost two electrons is called a(n):

cation

The four most common elements that compose over 96% of the mass of the human body are

C, H, O, N

All ___________ have an amine (NH2) group

amino acids

Which of the following would NOT be transported across a membrane using passive processes:

amino acids

Osmosis transports water across membranes using:

aquaporins

Glucose and starch are examples of:

carbohydrates

Passive processes that move substances across membranes:

require no ATP

An atom with 6 protons, 7 neutrons, and 6 electrons shares four pairs of electrons with four other atoms. This atom is now considered to be:

stable

Hydrogen bonding between water molecules is responsible for

surface tension

The molecule that carries an amino acid to the ribosome

transfer RNA (tRNA)

Polar molecules, like water, result when electrons are shared ___________

unequally