Anatomy Midterm Review: Chapter 2/3
Why is ATP categorized as a nucleic acid:
ATP is a modified nucleotide w/ three phosphate groups, ribose, and adenine
Which of the following is NOT a structural component of the nucleus:
Golgi apparatus
An acid is a molecule that releases (donates)
H+ ions
Which of the following statements about RNA is true:
RNA is single stranded
Which of the following is classified as an inorganic compound:
water
Which of the following solutions is the weakest acid:
a solution with a pH of 6.4
A lipid containing three fatty acid chains and one glycerol is called:
a triglyceride
The movement of substances through the cell membrane against their contrentation gradient is a type of ___________ process
active
The most common steroid is:
cholesterol
Cellular material located outside the nucleus yet inside the plasma membrane is the __________
cytoplasm
Which of the following is NOT considered a cytoplasmic organelle:
cytoplasm
The two locations for ribosomes in a cell are ___________ and ___________
cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum
The three major components of the cytoplasm are the:
cytosol, organelles, and inclusions
Unsaturated fats contain one or more ___________ bonds between carbon atoms
double
The movement of ions across cell membranes is an example of:
electrical energy
The subatomic particles that are responsible for the chemical behavior of atoms are the
electrons
Which of the following substances below is matched with its correct organic group:
enzymes - proteins
Saturated fats:
exist as solids at room temperature
Which of the following processes require the use of protein carrier molecules:
facilitated diffusion and solute pumping
The movement of fluid through the cell membrane from a high pressure area to a lower pressure area is called:
filtration
Which of the following do not involve the movement of molecules from an area of greater concentration to an area of lower concentration:
filtration
Glycogen is the storage form of ___________ in animals
glucose
The molecules that make the cell surface fuzzy, sticky, and sugar-rich are the
glycoproteins
Lysosomes are secreted by another organelle known as the ___________
golgi apparatus
Which of the following is an example of an inorganic molecule:
hydrochloric acid
Trans fats are oils that have been solidified by the addition of:
hydrogen atoms
The nucleotide chains of DNA are held together by:
hydrogen bonds
The phospholipid tails are ___________ which make the plasma membrane impermeable to water
hydrophobic
A cell would plump with water and possibly lyse in which of the following solutions:
hypotonic
A patient arrives in the hospital extremely dehydrated. In order to fill his cells with fluid, what type of intravenous drip should he receive
hypotonic
A solution that contains fewer solutes than the cell is:
hypotonic
Ribosomes are found:
in the cytoplasm and on the rough endoplasmic reticulum
Enzymes:
increase the rates of chemical reactions by at least a millionfold
The nucleoplasm and cytosol make up the ___________ fluid
intracelullar/cytoplasmic
A solution with a pH of 7
is neutral
Which one of the following is NOT true about the plasma membrane:
it allows water soluble molecules to pass through easily
Which of the following statements about ATP is false:
its energy is captured in high-energy hydrogen bonds
The organelle that contains enzymes produced by ribosomes and packaged by the Golgi apparatus is the:
lysosome
___________ are simple sugars containing between 3 and 7 carbon atoms
monosaccharides
When a pair of electrons is shared equally between two atoms, the bond formed is called a(n):
non polar covalent bond
The specialized cellular compartments w/in the cytosol of the cell are collectively called ___________
organelles
Compounds that contain carbon-hydrogen bonding are collectively termed ___________ compounds
organic
The passive process that involves the movement of water through aquaporins is ___________
osmosis
The must abundant element in the human body is:
oxygen
Two types of endocytosis are:
phagocytosis and phinocytosis
Glycogen and starch are examples of a specific category of ___________
polysaccharides
What assists the movement of substances by facilitated diffusion:
protein carrier or channel
The organic compounds that function in building tissues and acting as enzymes are the:
proteins
Two or more polypeptides combine to form a complex structure called:
quaternary structure
An atom that has lost two electrons is called a(n):
cation
The four most common elements that compose over 96% of the mass of the human body are
C, H, O, N
All ___________ have an amine (NH2) group
amino acids
Which of the following would NOT be transported across a membrane using passive processes:
amino acids
Osmosis transports water across membranes using:
aquaporins
Glucose and starch are examples of:
carbohydrates
Passive processes that move substances across membranes:
require no ATP
An atom with 6 protons, 7 neutrons, and 6 electrons shares four pairs of electrons with four other atoms. This atom is now considered to be:
stable
Hydrogen bonding between water molecules is responsible for
surface tension
The molecule that carries an amino acid to the ribosome
transfer RNA (tRNA)
Polar molecules, like water, result when electrons are shared ___________
unequally
