Anatomy- Muscle Unit

Contractility

muscle tissue has the ability to shorten when adequately stimulated, characteristic known as?

Fifth

"The calcium ion concentration at the myofilaments increases; the myofilaments slide past one another, and the cell shorts." is the _______ step out of the seventh in muscular contraction in a skeletal muscle cell.

Seventh

"The muscle cell relaxes and lengthens" is the ______ step out of seventh in muscular contraction in a skeletal muscle cell.

skeletal

striated, voluntary, multinucleate muscle is classified as?

tendons, aponeuroses

the epimysium covering on the outside of the muscle can blend into cordlike______ or sheetlike _______?

Sarcolemma

the plasma membrane of skeletal muscle cells is called?

Fascicle

A discrete bundle of muscle cells.

Myofibril

A long, filamentous organelle found within muscle cells that has a banded appearance.

Motor Unit

A motor neuron and all of the skeletal muscle cells it stimulates is called __________.

Axonal terminal

A motor neuron and all of the skeletal muscle cells it stimulates is called a motor unit. The axon of each motor neuron has numerous endings called ___________.

Synaptic cleft

A motor neuron and all of the skeletal muscle cells it stimulates is called a motor unit. The axon of each motor neuron has numerous endings called axonal terminals. The actual gap between an axonal endings and the muscle cell is called a _________.

Coupled reaction of creatine phosphate (CP) and ADP

Good for a sprint.

Decreased ATP, Increased Lactic Acid, Decreased Oxygen, and Increased carbon dioxide.

Happens within a muscle cell during oxygen debt.

Fixator

Immobilizes the origin of a prime mover.

Flexed

In climbing stairs, the hip and knee of the forward leg are both _________.

Flexion

In running, the action at the hip joint is ________ in reference to the leg moving forward.

Extension

In running, the action at the hip joint is flexion in reference to the leg moving forward and _______ in reference to the leg in the posterior position.

Synergist

Performs the same movement as the prime mover.

Sarcolemma

Plasma membrane of the muscle cell.

Fixator

Postural muscles for the most part.

Aerobic respiration

Produces Carbon dioxide and water.

Adduction

Raising the arms laterally away from the body is called _____________ of the arms.

Anaerobic glycolysis and Coupled reaction of creatine phosphate (CP) and ADP.

Requires no oxygen.

Antagonist

Reverses and/or opposes the action of a prime mover.

Smooth muscle

Select the type(s) of muscle tissue that fit the following description: Self-excitable, pacemaker cells, gap junctions, limited sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Synergist

Stabilizes a joint so that the prime mover can act at more distal joints.

Plantar flextion

Standing on your toe as in ballet is ________.

Aerobic respiration

Supplies the highest ATP yield per glucose molecule.

Aerobic respiration

The energy mechanism used in the second hour of running in a marathon.

Creatine phosphate

The first energy source used to regenerate ATP when muscles are extremely active is:

Aerobic respiration

The slowest ATP regeneration process.

Flexion

You have just touched your chin to your chest; this is ________ of the neck.

Resistance

Your ability to lift that heavy couch would be increased by which type of exercise?

Tetanus

_________ is a continuous contraction that shows no evidence of relaxation.

Isotonic contraction

a(n) ________ is a contraction in which the muscle shortens and work is done.

Second

"Acetylcholine diffuses across the neuromuscular junction and binds to receptors on the sarcolemma." is the _______ step out of the seventh in muscular contraction in a skeletal muscle cell.

First

"Acetylcholine is released into the neuromuscular junction by the axonal terminal" is the _______ step out of seventh in muscular contraction in a skeletal muscle cell.

Sixth

"As calcium is actively reabsorbed into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, its concentration at the myofilaments decreases." is the ________ step out of the seventh in muscular contraction in a skeletal muscle cell.

Third

"Depolarization occurs, and the action potential is generated." is the ________ step out of the seventh in muscular contraction in a skeletal muscle cell.

Fourth

"The action potential, carried deep into the cell, causes the sarcoplasmic reticulum to release calcium ions." is the ______ step out of seventh in muscular contraction in a skeletal muscle cell.

Circumduction

Winding up for a pitch (as in baseball) can properly be called ________.

Acetylcholine

A motor neuron and all of the skeletal muscle cells it stimulates is called a motor unit. The axon of each motor neuron has numerous endings called axonal terminals. The actual gap between an axonal endings and the muscle cell is called a synaptic cleft. Within the axonal endings are many small vesicles containing a neurotransmitter substance called __________.

Fiber

A muscle cell.

Isometric contraction

A(n) _________ is a contraction in which the muscle does not shorten, but tension in the muscle keeps increasing.

Anaerobic glycolysis

Accompanied by lactic acid formation.

Myofilament

Actin- or myosin- containing structure.

Pronation

Action that moves the distal end of the radius across the ulna is __________>

Sprinting

Activity that depends most on anaerobic metabolism?

Prime mover

Agonist

Diaphragm

An umpaired muscle that acts with the muscles named immediately above to accomplish inspiration.

Epimysium

Connective tissue ensheathing the entire muscle.

Perimysium

Connective tissue surrounding a fascicle.

Sarcomere

Contractile unit of muscle.

Tendon

Cordlike extension of connective tissue beyond the muscle, serving to attach it to the bone.

Cardiac and smooth

Involuntary muscle tissue.

Coupled reaction of creatine phosphate (CP) and ADP

Involves the simple transfer of a phosphate group.

Circumduction

Joint movement often used for strengthening all the upper arm and shoulder muscles is __________.

Rotation

Moving the head to signify "no" is _________.

Skeletal

Muscle tissue referred to as the muscular tissue.

Cardiac

Muscle tissue that has a coordinated activity to act a pump.

Smooth

Muscle tissue that has longitudinally and circularly arranged layers.

Skeletal

Muscle tissue that moves bones and the facial skin.

Cardiac

Muscle tissue with Figure-8 packaging of the cells.

Skeletal and cardiac

Muscle tissue with a banded appearance.

Skeletal

Muscle tissue with dence connective tissue packaging.

Muscle cell in the resting, or polarized, state just before stimulation.

There is a greater concentration of NA+ Outside the cell, and there is a greater concentration of K+ Inside the cell. When the stimulus is delivered, the permeability of the membrane is changed, and NA+ diffuses into the cell, initiating the depolarization of the membrane. Almost as soon as the depolarization wave begins, a repolarization wave follows it across the membrane. This occurs as K+ diffuses out of the cell. Repolzarization restores the Electrical conditions of the resting cell membrane. The Relative ionic concentrations on the 2 sides of the membrane during rest.

Endomysium

Thin connective tissue investing each muscle cell.

Many motor units

To accomplish a strong contraction, _______ are stimulated at a rapid rate.

Adduct

To keep your seat when riding a horse, the tendency is to ________ your thighs.

Synaptic vesicles, sarcolemma, aCh, and axon terminal

Transmission of the stimulus at the neuromuscular junction involves:

Anaerobic glycolysis

Used when the oxygen supply is inadequate over time.

Rotation

Using a screwdriver with a straight arm requires __________ of the arm.

Skeletal

Voluntary muscle tissue.

Dorsiflexion

Walking on your heels is _________.

Light band

What region of the sarcomere shortens during contraction Light or Dark band?

Fatigue

When a muscle is being stimulated but is not able to respond because of "oxygen debt," the condition is called _________.

Few motor units

When a weak but smooth muscle contraction is desired, ________ are stimulated at a rapid rate.

Extension

When kicking a bootball, the action at the knee is ________.

Nerve impulse

When the _________ reaches the end of the axon, the neurotransmitter is released, and it diffuses to the muscle cell membrane to combine with receptors there.

Depolarization

When the nerve impulse reaches the end of the axon, the neurotransmitter is released, and it diffuses to the muscle cell membrane to combine with receptors there. Binding of the neurotransmitters with muscle membrane receptors cause the membrane to become permeable to sodium, resulting in the influx of sodium ions and ________ of the membrane. Then contraction of the muscle cell occures.