Anatomy Semester Test

Toya stepped on a tack while barefoot. It pierced all the way into the dermis. Through which strata of the epidermis did the tack pierce, from superficial to deep? 1. Stratum basale 2. Stratum Corneum 3. Stratum granulosum 4. Stratum lucidum 5. Stratum spinosum

2, 4, 3, 5, 1

The study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts m and their relationships is called?

Anatomy

Lateral

Away from the midline

A body part that is considered lateral is assumed to be ________.

Away from the midline of the body

A body part that is considered lateral is understood to be?

Away from the midline of the body

Dorsal

Behind

The major organs of the skeletal system include?

Bones, cartilages, and joints

When correctly situated in anatomical position, where are your feet in relation to your knees?

Distal

Explain the terms distal and proximal using an example.

Distal is farther away from the trunk of the body Proximal is closer to the trunk of the body An example of this would be my knee is proximal to the trunk of my body compared to my toes, they are distal to the trunk of my body

which system covers the external surface of the body and projects deeper tissues?

Integumentary system

deep

Internal

Which of the following represents the chemical level of structure in the human body?

atoms

due to the cast placed on her broken leg, Kinsleys muscles have decreased in size. which term best describes how met muscles have been affected?

atrophy

The type of muscle found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the stomach, and in the walls of blood vessels is:

both smooth muscle and skeletal muscle

What forms the hard matrix of osseous tissue (bone)?

calcium salts

the heart and blood vessels are the primary organs of the ______ system.

cardiovascular

what is required for simple diffusion to occur

concentration gradient

the outermost layer of the epidermis is keratinized and known as stratum

corneum

the only dry membrane is the

cutaneous membrane

Where is the hair follicle located?

deep in the dermis by the hair bulb

Passive processes that move substances across membranes:

do not require ATP

After a recent knee surgery, Carrie was cautioned about resuming activities too quickly in order to give her surgical incision time to heal. which of the following tissues will repair and heal the quickest in the weeks to come.

epithelial tissues

The sebaceous and sweat glands associated with the skin are classified as ________ glands because they release secretions to the skin's surface via ducts.

exocrine glands

What type of burn only involves injury to the superficial epidermis?

first degree

When we imagine a person exhibiting anatomical position, the palms of the hands are assumed to be facing

forward

when we imagine a person exhibiting anatomical position, the palms of the hands are assumed to be facing?

forward

the body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions is referred to as?

homeostasis

what is the first stage to occur during tissue repair (wound healing)?

inflammation

the skin and it's appendages (nails, glands, and hairs) are collectively called the?

integumentary system

what characteristics is shared by both cardiac and smooth muscle tissue

involuntary contractions

the spinal cord is best described as____to the arms

medial

The "tanning" effect (darkening of the skin) that occurs when a person is exposed to the sun is due to the increased presence of

melanin

which of the following are pigments that contribute to skin color?

melanin, carotene, hemoglobin

What skin disorder is recognized using the ABCD rule?

melanoma

the small intestine has tiny finger like projections of the plasma membrane that help increase the surface area and aid absorption of nutrients known as?

microvilli

which of the following membranes lines all body cavities that are open to the exterior

mucous

the skeletal muscles that contract and shorten to love the bones form the _____ system?

muscular

Irribility and conductivity are the two major functional characteristics of

nervous tissue

what are the three basic parts or regions of a cell

nucleus, cytoplasm, plasma membrane

Which of the following activities represents a physiological study?

observing how the heart contracts to pump blood

Which of the following levels of organization is inclusive of all others?

organ system level

after an explosion during a fireworks show, a number of people arrive at the emergency room with burns to their skin. you and a colleague are assessing patients to determine who needs assistance first. evaluate the signs and symptoms of the following patients and determine whose burns is the most severe.

patient c who has blanched or blacked burned skin

what separates the intracellular fluid from the extra cellular fluid?

plasma membrane

the ability to sense a mosquito landing in your arm and away it away is described as?

responsiveness (irritability)

which of the following contains chemical that kills bacteria and prevent bacterial invasions of the skin?

sebum

which of the following is a lubricant that keeps skin soft and moist and also contains chemicals that kill bacteria

sebum

The pleura and pericardium are examples of ________ membranes that cover organs in a body cavity closed to the exterior.

serous

A tissue constructed of a single layer of flattened cells is known as

simple squamous epithelium

what muscle has to visible striations and is found in the walls of hollow organs

smooth

which of these layers directly connects to the dermis?

stratum basale

which layer of the epidermis is composed of flattened, dead, keratin-filled cells?

stratum corneum

Jan got her microscope slides mixed up in lab as they were unlabeled. The slide with abundant adipose tissue should be labeled as the ________.

subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis)

people who wear antiperspirant with deodorant are trying to reduce the secretions of what gland

sudoriferous glands

the main function of the respiratory system is to?

supply the body with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide

the __________ membrane lines the fibrous capsules surrounding joints.

synovial

which of the following reduces friction in moveable joints, such as the knee?

synovial fluid

a cell is isotonic to the surrounding 4% dextrose solution. if the bell is moved to a 6% dextrose solution, predict how the cell responds.

the cell will shrink

the arrector pill muscle is located where

the tiny muscle part next to the hair bulb

To perform heart surgery, an incision is made into the ____ cavity?

thoracic

groups of cells that are similar in both structure and function are known as

tissues

Medial

toward the midline

The diaphragm creates a ____ section by dividing the ventral cavity into superior and inferior subdivisions.

transverse (cross)

skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles cells are cells that move organs and body parts.

true

the four primary tissue types are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous

true

the plasma membrane is a selectively permeable barrier.

true

connective tissue

type of tissue that can be classified as loose or dense

muscle tissue

type of tissue that can be described as voluntary or involuntary

epithelial tissue

type of tissue that can be simple or stratified

nervous tissue

type of tissue that is found in the brain and spinal cord

A physician estimates the volume of fluid lost in a severely burned patient by?

using the "rule of nines"

Superior

above

what connective tissues is commonly called fat.

adipose

Posterior

back

Where is the hypodermis located?

beneath the dermis

a nurse tends to a patient with a sunburn. upon examination, she sees blisters and red, swollen skin. the patient complains of pain. what features of this burn distinguishes it from a first degree burn?

blisters

the structural and functional unit of all living things is the

cell

what is the smallest unit of all living things?

cells

list and describe the three types of epithelial membranes

1. Cutaneous- skin, dry, 2. Mucous- wet, found in cavities open to the outside 3. Serous- two layers, line organs with friction

tendons and ligaments are classified as

dense connective (regular fibrous) tissue

if someone is sitting at the other end of a bar smoking, you may still breathe in some of the smoke. away from its source

diffusion

when our bodies temperature rises above 37°C or 98.6°F, a negative feedback mechanism will be triggered to lower the body temperature. As a result, our sweat glands release sweat to cool the body temperature. what part of the negative feedback mechanism is the sweat gland?

effector

Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as ________.

endocrine

A little girl on the playground fell and scraped her knee. You notice her knee shows no signs of bleeding. Therefore, this must be only a superficial scrape to the___________

epidermis

superficial

external

Anterior

front

what type of sensor monitors and responds to changes in the environment in a negative feedback loop?

receptor

The nervous system consists of?

receptors and effectors

what accounts for 60 to 80 percent of the body's weight, depending on the age of the individual?

water

Which directional term best describes the nose?

Anterior

Where are mucous membranes found?

lining the inside of the stomach

Explain the difference between anatomy and physiology.

The relationship between anatomy and physiology is that they are both the study of the body. Anatomy is the study of body parts and physiology is the study of those body parts and how they work

which of the following is a vital function of the integumentary system?

The skin synthesizes vitamin D

Burn patients have difficulty in regulating their body temperatures, in part due to the loss of their protective covering. Given your knowledge of how homeostatic control systems operate, predict why burn patients may often be cold.

They are missing their outer layer of skin that helps regulate their body temperature. Simce thry are missing this, their bodies can't get up to a certain temperature that would then regulate their temperature.

which vitamin is synthesized by the skin

Vitamin D

Ventral is a directional term synonymous with __________ in humans.

anterior

Which of the following orientation and directional terms have the same meaning ( in humans)?

anterior and ventral

Where is the pleura located?

around the lungs