Anatomy Week 3
general structure of synovial joints
- articular cartilage - ends of opposing bones are covered with hyaline cartilage - absorbs compression
Synchondrosis
-bones are bound by hyaline cartialge -Ex. the humerus, first rib
How many phalanges are in the foot?
14
how many bones make up each upper limb, arm, forearm and hand
30
what is the acetabulum?
A deep hemispherical socket on lateral pelvic surface
synovial membrane
Loose, connective tissue that lines the joint cavity and covers internal joint surfaces, functions to make synovial fluid
where do the scapulas articulate each other
THEY DON'T, either with each other or the axial skeleton
What keeps the radius and ulna in contact
The interosseous membrane
what is the massive medial bone of the LEG? (not the thigh)
The tibia, it receives the weight of the body from the femur
what kind of joint is there forearm?
a hinge joint
Ball-shaped head of femur articulates with the ____________________.
acetabulum
acromial end of clavicle articulates with
acromion of scapula
what are flat footers missing?
arches
What does the leg refer to?
area between knee and ankle
where does the tibia articulate with the talus and what does it form?
at the inferior end and it forms the ankle joint
Where do the radius and ulna articulate with each other?
at the proximal and distal radioulnar joints
where does the tibia articulate with the femur and what does it form?
at the superior end forming the knee joint
where is the scapula located?
between the 2nd and 7th rib
where is the thigh?
between the hip and knee
the foot supports
body weight and acts as a lever to propel the body forward in walking and running
What is the false (greater) pelvis?
bounded by the alas of the iliac bone superior to the pelvic rim
The pectoral girdle consists of
clavicle and scapula
what do we find in the true pelvis?
contains the pelvic organs uterus in women bladder sigmoid colon
fibrous capsule
dense irregular connective tissue, which strengthens joint
the scapulae lies on what surface of the rib cage?
dorsal surface
what is the carpals composted of?
eight marble-sized bones
which phalanges are smaller, foot or hand?
feetsies but the structures are similar to that of the hand
what is the longest and strongest bone in the body?
femur
what is the thigh bone?
femur
Metatarsals
five small long bones, numbers 1-5 beginning with the hallux (great toe)
The socket of the shoulder joint is called?
glenoid cavity
what movement occurs between the carpals?
gliding movement
the glenoid cavity is shallow, what is the good thing about that? what is the bad thing about that?
good for flexibility and bad for stability
what direction does the pubis lie on in anatomical position
horizontal
which three separate bones in childhood fuse in adulthood?
ilium, ischium and pubis
What is the true/lesser pelvis?
inferior to the pelvic brim, form a bowl containing the pelvic organs
How are the arches of the foot maintained?
interlocking shapes of tarsals, ligaments and tendons
how many bones does the tarsus contain?
it contains seven bones called tarsals
why is the pelvis lighter, wider and shallower in the female compared to the male?
it is adapted for childbearing
how does the patella stay in place
it is imbedded in the tendon that secures the quadriceps muscles
ilium
large, flaring bone forms superior region of coxal bone attachment site
the clavicles hold the scapula and arms in what direction?
lateral
what are the three angles of the scapula?
lateral, superior and inferior
how much of a role does the ulna have in hand movement?
little to no role
which bones are thicker and stronger? upper limb or lower limb?
lower limb
tarsus makes up _____
makes up posterior half of the foot
sternal end of clavicle articulates with
manubrium of sternum
The scapula doesn't have many bony attachments but it does have many ...
muscle and ligament attachments
the distal radius articulates with what bones?
only the styloid of the radius articulates with the carpal bones
what region does the ischium form?
posteroinferior region of the coxal bone
what is the function of the patella
protects knee joint anteriorly and improves leverage of the thigh muscles across the knee
what bone contributes heavily to the wrist joint?
radius
what bones articulate with the humerus at the elbow?
radius and ulna
in anatomical position, which bone in the forearm is medial and which is lateral
radius is lateral ulna is medial
Articulation of the ilium with the sacrum forms which joint?
sacroiliac joint
carpal bones: proximal row from lateral to medial
scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
the lateral ends of the clavicles join the
scapula
Joint cavity has potential to have
small amount of synovial fluid, enough to make them smooth
what is the purpose of the fibula
stabilizes the ankle joint
fibula
stick like lateral bone of the leg
what are the three borders of the scapulae
superior medial (vertebral) lateral (axillary) know each of the names
the clavicles extend horizontally across the ___
superior thorax
what is the job of the first metatarsal
support body weight
articular capsule of synovial joint
surrounds a synovial joint, encloses the synovial cavity, and unites the articulating bones surrounds fibrous capsule and synovial membrane
what is the most movable type of joint?
synovial
diarthrosis is also known as
synovial joint containing a fluid-filled joint cavity
body weight is primarily borne by
talus and calcaneus
The foot is composed of
tarsus, metatarsus, phalanges
What does the pubis form in relation to the coxal bone?
the anterior region
Ishial tuberosities
the bone we sit on and the strongest part of the hip bone
What does the superior surface of the head of the radius articulate with?
the capitulum
The hand includes what?
the carpals, metacarpals and phalanges
which bones form the true wrist, proximal region of the hand?
the carpus
what is the only upper limb that articulates with the axial skeleton?
the clavicle
The lower limb carries the weight of
the erect body
what separates the distal end of the ulna from the carpals?
the fibrocartilage
which bone does not contribute to the knee joint?
the fibula, it does not articulate with the femur
which bone articulates with the scapula at the shoulder?
the humerus articulates with the scapula at the shoulder
what is the longest and strongest bone of the upper limb
the humerus is
what connects the tibia and fibula
the interosseous membrane
what interconnects the radius and ulna?
the interosseous membrane
the medial end of each clavicle articulates with
the manubrium and first rib
The ischium anteriorly joins what?
the pubis
medially, what does the head of the radius articulate with?
the radial notch of the ulna
the hand moves with which bone?
the radius
What is the most frequently fractured part of the humerus?
the surgical neck
The pelvic girdle attaches the lower limbs to what?
the trunk
What is the main bone responsible for forming the elbow joint with the humerus?
the ulna
the lower limb is divided into three segments, what are they?
thigh, leg and foot
except for the great toe, how many phalanges does each toe have?
three phalanges: proximal, middle and distal
How many arches does the foot have?
three: medial and lateral longitudinal arch and transverse arch
what is the leg composed of?
tibia and fibula
what does the clavicle do?
transmit compression forces from the upper limbs to the axial skeleton
carpal bones: distal row from lateral to medial
trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
what shape is the patella
triangular sesamoid bone
how many rows are the carpals aligned in?
two irregular rows
how many regions is the bony pelvis divided into
two regions
Is the pectoral girdle heavy or light?
very light and the upper limbs are mobile
what is the pubic symphysis
where the two pubic bones are joined by fibrocartilage at the midline
do the clavicles provide attachment for muscles?
yes