Anatomy Week 3

general structure of synovial joints

- articular cartilage - ends of opposing bones are covered with hyaline cartilage - absorbs compression

Synchondrosis

-bones are bound by hyaline cartialge -Ex. the humerus, first rib

How many phalanges are in the foot?

14

how many bones make up each upper limb, arm, forearm and hand

30

what is the acetabulum?

A deep hemispherical socket on lateral pelvic surface

synovial membrane

Loose, connective tissue that lines the joint cavity and covers internal joint surfaces, functions to make synovial fluid

where do the scapulas articulate each other

THEY DON'T, either with each other or the axial skeleton

What keeps the radius and ulna in contact

The interosseous membrane

what is the massive medial bone of the LEG? (not the thigh)

The tibia, it receives the weight of the body from the femur

what kind of joint is there forearm?

a hinge joint

Ball-shaped head of femur articulates with the ____________________.

acetabulum

acromial end of clavicle articulates with

acromion of scapula

what are flat footers missing?

arches

What does the leg refer to?

area between knee and ankle

where does the tibia articulate with the talus and what does it form?

at the inferior end and it forms the ankle joint

Where do the radius and ulna articulate with each other?

at the proximal and distal radioulnar joints

where does the tibia articulate with the femur and what does it form?

at the superior end forming the knee joint

where is the scapula located?

between the 2nd and 7th rib

where is the thigh?

between the hip and knee

the foot supports

body weight and acts as a lever to propel the body forward in walking and running

What is the false (greater) pelvis?

bounded by the alas of the iliac bone superior to the pelvic rim

The pectoral girdle consists of

clavicle and scapula

what do we find in the true pelvis?

contains the pelvic organs uterus in women bladder sigmoid colon

fibrous capsule

dense irregular connective tissue, which strengthens joint

the scapulae lies on what surface of the rib cage?

dorsal surface

what is the carpals composted of?

eight marble-sized bones

which phalanges are smaller, foot or hand?

feetsies but the structures are similar to that of the hand

what is the longest and strongest bone in the body?

femur

what is the thigh bone?

femur

Metatarsals

five small long bones, numbers 1-5 beginning with the hallux (great toe)

The socket of the shoulder joint is called?

glenoid cavity

what movement occurs between the carpals?

gliding movement

the glenoid cavity is shallow, what is the good thing about that? what is the bad thing about that?

good for flexibility and bad for stability

what direction does the pubis lie on in anatomical position

horizontal

which three separate bones in childhood fuse in adulthood?

ilium, ischium and pubis

What is the true/lesser pelvis?

inferior to the pelvic brim, form a bowl containing the pelvic organs

How are the arches of the foot maintained?

interlocking shapes of tarsals, ligaments and tendons

how many bones does the tarsus contain?

it contains seven bones called tarsals

why is the pelvis lighter, wider and shallower in the female compared to the male?

it is adapted for childbearing

how does the patella stay in place

it is imbedded in the tendon that secures the quadriceps muscles

ilium

large, flaring bone forms superior region of coxal bone attachment site

the clavicles hold the scapula and arms in what direction?

lateral

what are the three angles of the scapula?

lateral, superior and inferior

how much of a role does the ulna have in hand movement?

little to no role

which bones are thicker and stronger? upper limb or lower limb?

lower limb

tarsus makes up _____

makes up posterior half of the foot

sternal end of clavicle articulates with

manubrium of sternum

The scapula doesn't have many bony attachments but it does have many ...

muscle and ligament attachments

the distal radius articulates with what bones?

only the styloid of the radius articulates with the carpal bones

what region does the ischium form?

posteroinferior region of the coxal bone

what is the function of the patella

protects knee joint anteriorly and improves leverage of the thigh muscles across the knee

what bone contributes heavily to the wrist joint?

radius

what bones articulate with the humerus at the elbow?

radius and ulna

in anatomical position, which bone in the forearm is medial and which is lateral

radius is lateral ulna is medial

Articulation of the ilium with the sacrum forms which joint?

sacroiliac joint

carpal bones: proximal row from lateral to medial

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

the lateral ends of the clavicles join the

scapula

Joint cavity has potential to have

small amount of synovial fluid, enough to make them smooth

what is the purpose of the fibula

stabilizes the ankle joint

fibula

stick like lateral bone of the leg

what are the three borders of the scapulae

superior medial (vertebral) lateral (axillary) know each of the names

the clavicles extend horizontally across the ___

superior thorax

what is the job of the first metatarsal

support body weight

articular capsule of synovial joint

surrounds a synovial joint, encloses the synovial cavity, and unites the articulating bones surrounds fibrous capsule and synovial membrane

what is the most movable type of joint?

synovial

diarthrosis is also known as

synovial joint containing a fluid-filled joint cavity

body weight is primarily borne by

talus and calcaneus

The foot is composed of

tarsus, metatarsus, phalanges

What does the pubis form in relation to the coxal bone?

the anterior region

Ishial tuberosities

the bone we sit on and the strongest part of the hip bone

What does the superior surface of the head of the radius articulate with?

the capitulum

The hand includes what?

the carpals, metacarpals and phalanges

which bones form the true wrist, proximal region of the hand?

the carpus

what is the only upper limb that articulates with the axial skeleton?

the clavicle

The lower limb carries the weight of

the erect body

what separates the distal end of the ulna from the carpals?

the fibrocartilage

which bone does not contribute to the knee joint?

the fibula, it does not articulate with the femur

which bone articulates with the scapula at the shoulder?

the humerus articulates with the scapula at the shoulder

what is the longest and strongest bone of the upper limb

the humerus is

what connects the tibia and fibula

the interosseous membrane

what interconnects the radius and ulna?

the interosseous membrane

the medial end of each clavicle articulates with

the manubrium and first rib

The ischium anteriorly joins what?

the pubis

medially, what does the head of the radius articulate with?

the radial notch of the ulna

the hand moves with which bone?

the radius

What is the most frequently fractured part of the humerus?

the surgical neck

The pelvic girdle attaches the lower limbs to what?

the trunk

What is the main bone responsible for forming the elbow joint with the humerus?

the ulna

the lower limb is divided into three segments, what are they?

thigh, leg and foot

except for the great toe, how many phalanges does each toe have?

three phalanges: proximal, middle and distal

How many arches does the foot have?

three: medial and lateral longitudinal arch and transverse arch

what is the leg composed of?

tibia and fibula

what does the clavicle do?

transmit compression forces from the upper limbs to the axial skeleton

carpal bones: distal row from lateral to medial

trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

what shape is the patella

triangular sesamoid bone

how many rows are the carpals aligned in?

two irregular rows

how many regions is the bony pelvis divided into

two regions

Is the pectoral girdle heavy or light?

very light and the upper limbs are mobile

what is the pubic symphysis

where the two pubic bones are joined by fibrocartilage at the midline

do the clavicles provide attachment for muscles?

yes