Animal Nutrition and Feeding

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supplement

a feed material high in a specific nutrient

concentrate

a feed that is high in energy or protein

roughage

a feed that is mostly leaves and tender stems of plants; they are also known as forages

fat

a good source of energy;contains the highest amount of energy

protein

a nutrient needed to grow new tissue and repair old tissue; especially important for weight gain, growth, and gestation

nutrient

a substance that is necessary for an organism to live and grow

lipid

nutrient that can be dissolved with ether

balanced ration

one that contains all the nutrients that the animal needs in the correct proportions

temporary pasture

planted to forages for grazing during one season or year

permanent pasture

plants that live from one year to the next

carbohydrates

provide energy; make up about 75 % of an animal's diet

scheduled feeding

providing feed at certain times of the day; commonly used with cattle

omasum

follows the reticulum; small compartment that acts as a filter of materials for the next compartment

lactation ration

given to females who are producing milk

reproduction ration

high in nutrients needed by breeding animals

palatability

how well an animal likes feed; molasses is added to increase this in many rations

calorie

the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius

amino acids

the building blocks of proteins

feed

what animals eat to get nutrients

free access

allowing animals to eat feed whenever they want; also called free choice

growth

an increase in size of muscle, bones, and organs of the body

feedstuff

an ingredient used in making feed for animals

mineral

an inorganic element found in small amounts in the body; essential in skeleton growth and necessary for body systems to function properly

vitamin

an organic substance needed in small quantities to perform specific functions; they do not provide energy but are essential in using energy

ruminant

digestive system has a large stomach divided into compartments

monogastric

digestive system that has a simple stomach

maintenance

keeping the body at a constant state; no weight gain or loss

rumen

largest section of the stomach; receives ingested food

water

makes up about 75 % of the weight of an animal's body; it also helps with regulating body temperature and promoting biochemical processes

stomach

muscular organ that stores ingested food and moves it into the small intestine

abomasum

secretes gastric juices that kill the microbes that have passed with the food materials from the rumen

pearson square method

simple way to calculate a ration for a specific animal

fiber

the material left after the food has been digested; it is made of plant cell walls and cellulose

nutrition

the process by which animals eat and use food

feed analysis

the process of determining the nutrients in a feedstuff or prepared mixed feed

reticulum

the second segment of the stomach; it has many layer-like projections

ration

the total amount of feed an animal has in a 24-hour period

diet

the type and amount of feed an animal receives in its ration


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