ANPS exam 1 practice questions

Which set of membrane proteins in the figure depicts the transport of solute molecules across the membrane?

A

Which of the following statements describes DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)?

A DNA molecule is formed by two parallel strands of nucleotides coiled into a helix and held together by hydrogen bonds

Which of the following substances is hydrophobic? A. Fatty acid B. Nucleic acid C. Amino Acid D. Glucose

A. Fatty acid

In a cell which divides every 50 days, which stage of the cell cycle is likely to be of longest duration? A. G1 phase B. G2 phase C. Prophase D. S Phase E. Telophase

A. G1 phase

The process by which a cell breaks away from its primary tumor and migrates to a distant site in the body to establish a new tumor is called A. Metastasis B. Mitosis C. Cytokinesis D. Translation

A. Metastasis

Which of the following structures is the center of activity in the process of transcription? A. Nucleolus B. Ribosome C. Lysosome D. Gogli Apparatus

A. Nucleolus

Microfilaments A. form a web of protein strands under the plasma membrane. B. are peripheral membrane proteins. C. are transmembrane proteins. D. lubricate the external cell surface.

A. form a web of protein strands under the plasma membrane

Perichondrium A. is the connective tissue proper directly surrounding cartilage. B. contains cells that increase the thickness of bone. C. contains ground substance dense with minerals. D. is a type of connective tissue in a ligament.

A. is the connective tissue proper directly surrounding cartilage

What cellular process occurs on the infolded membranes shown at B?

ATP synthesis (produce energy for cells)

What is the relationship of cholesterol to the plasma membrane? A. Cholesterol is a type of integral membrane protein. B. Cholesterol stabilizes the lipid bilayer. C. Cholesterol forms the glycocalyx. D. Cholesterol is the primary phospholipid creating the bilayer.

B. Cholesterol stabilizes the lipid bilayer

The organelle responsible for directing newly formed proteins to their destination in the cell is the A. Mitochondria B. Golgi Apparatus C. Nucleolus D. Lysosome

B. Golgi apparatus

What do we mean when we refer to an epithelial cell as polarized? A. One side of the cell is positively charged and the opposite side is negatively charged. B. One side of the cell is specialized to function differently from the opposite side. C. One side of the cell has cilia and the opposite side has microvilli. D. The cytoplasm of the cell contains all cations while the interstitial cell contains all anions.

B. One side of the cell is specialized to function differently from the opposite side

Most enzymes derive from which class of organic molecule? A. Carbohydrate B. Protein C. Lipid D. Steroids

B. Protein

Dense irregular connective tissue A. contains a lot of ground substance but few fibers. B. contains randomly directed bundles of collagen fibers. C. is a type of cartilage. D. is the weakest type of connective tissue proper.

B. contains randomly directed bundles of collaged fibers

Dense irregular connective tissue A. contains a lot of ground substance but few fibers. B. contains randomly directed bundles of collagen fibers. C. is a type of cartilage. D. is the weakest type of connective tissue proper.

B. contains randomly directed bundles of collagen fibers

The building blocks of carbohydrates are A. amino acids. B. monosaccharides. C. triglycerides. D. nucleic acids.

B. monosaccharides

Where in bone is calcium stored? A. Central Canal B. Yellow marrow C. Extracellular matrix D. Lacunae

C. Extracellular matrix

In which type of gland secretion is the entire cell shed in its product? A. Apocrine B. Endocrine C. Holocrine D. Merocrine

C. Holocrine

How does a water molecule move across the plasma membrane? A.It passes between individual phospholipid molecules B. It binds to a receptor protein in the plasma membrane C. It moves through the center of an aquaporin molecule

C. It moves through the center of an aquaporin molecule

In an RNA molecule, the backbone of the linear strand if formed by covalent bonds between which groups on adjacent nucleotides? A. Purine and ribose B. Phosphate and deoxyribose C. Ribose and phosphate D. Deoxyribose and ribose

C. Ribose and phosphate

If a cell were placed in an isotonic solution, what would happen to the cell size? A. The cell would grow in size B. The cell would shrink in size C. The cell size would not change

C. The cell size would not change

In which of the following structures would you find deoxyribonucleic acid? A. Nuclear pore B. Centriole C. Chromatin D. Cytosol

C. chromatin

In which stage of the cell cycle would the DNA appear as chromosomes visible with a light microscope? A. S phase B. G1 phase C. Interphase D. Anaphase

D. Anaphase

What is the function of a desmosome? A. Increases the apical surface area of a cell specialized for absorption B. Transports iron across the plasma membrane C. Prevents movement of solutes and water between adjacent cells D. Forms a physical attachment between neighboring cells

D. Forms a physical attachment between neighboring cells

Which type of epithelium would be optimal for an organ surface exposed to abrasion? A. Simple Squamous B. Simple columnar C. Pseudostratified columnar D. Stratified squamous

D. Stratified squamous

Which of the following forms of communication allows a neuron to signal its target cell with a neurotransmitter? A. Direct communication B. Endocrine communication C. Paracrine communication D. Synaptic communication

D. Synaptic communication

Which organelle is responsible for processing and packaging proteins destined for export from the cell?

Golgi apparatus

What must happen before a body cell can begin mitotic cell division?

Its DNA must be replicated exactly so that identical copies of the cell's genes can be passed on to each of its offspring.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the reaction without an enzyme compared to the one with an enzyme?

Less energy input is required to start the reaction in the presence of enzyme.

Describe the difference in cell division between normal cells and cancer cells.

Normal cells obey signals and their rate of cell division is controlled

After having a severe cold accompanied by nasal congestion, Jamila complained that she had a headache just above her eyes and that the right side of her face ached. What specific bony structure(s) probably became infected by the bacteria or viruses causing the cold?

Paranasal sinuses

Which statement describes the Fluid Mosaic model of the plasma membrane?

Proteins can be added and removed in order to change cell function. The components of the cell membrane are not fixed in place. Lipids can move around within the membrane and can be added or removed as needed.

Some cellular organelles are surrounded by lipid membranes that create a space within the organelle separate from the rest of the cytoplasm. All of the following organelles are surrounded by membrane EXCEPT?

Ribosomes

Which of the following statements regarding the skeleton is INCORRECT? The axial skeleton includes the bones of the limbs. The axial skeleton supports and protects internal organs. The appendicular skeleton includes the shoulder (pectoral) and hip (pelvic) girdles. The appendicular skeleton allows us to move around.

The axial skeleton includes the bones of the limbs

What is the function of the structures at D?

They allow large molecules (except DNA) to pass through the nuclear membrane

Which statement is TRUE about embryonic stem cells?

They are considered to be pluripotent

Predict what will happen to a patient's red blood cells if you give the patient an IV of pure water.

They will burst

Which types of cell junctions occur between cells that form the barrier layer lining the digestive tract, and serve to keep substances such as digestive enzymes, juices, and bacteria from leaking out?

Tight junctions

Your friend is trying to convince you that if the ligaments binding the bones together at your freely movable joints (such as your knee, shoulder, and hip joints) contained a higher percentage of elastic fibers, you would be much more flexible. Is this true? If so, would this present any serious problems?

Yes, ligaments that are more elastic (or stretchy) will provide greater flexibility, but at the expense of joint stability. The joints would be prone to misalignment and dislocation.

Which of the following describes the plasma membrane?

a phospholipid bilayer surrounding the cell

In connective tissue, the role of elastic fibers is to __________.

allow the tissue to stretch and recoil

The presence of what group differentiates most amino acids from each other?

an R group

The figure represents a wedge-shaped section of which structural unit of bone?

an osteon

The normal function of one tumor suppressor gene is to prevent cells with damaged chromosomes and DNA from "progressing from G1 to S," whereas another tumor suppressor gene prevents "passage from G2 to M." When tumor suppressor genes fail to work, cancer can result. A cell that is prevented from "passing from G2 to M" will __________.

be prepared to divide, but will not proceed through mitosis

Water is an important molecule because it __________.

can form hydrogen bonds

When looking at the range of motion of the various sections of the vertebral column the ________ has the most flexibility.

cervical spine

As you compare different types of connective tissues, which would most likely be the strongest (toughest) type of connective tissue with the highest tensile strength (i.e. can handle tension)?

connective tissues high in collagen fibers

In a tissue type that undergoes a great deal of mechanical stress, you would expect to see many ________ between the individual cells, in order to prevent the cells from pulling apart.

desmosomes

Which bone-forming process is shown in the figure?

endochondral ossification

Which type of cell to cell communication involves one cell releasing a chemical signal into the bloodstream, where it is transported by the blood to distant cells?

endocrine communication

How do endocrine and exocrine glands differ?

endocrine glands do not use ducts

Which of the following is a property of epithelial tissue?

epithelial cells exhibit a high rate of cell division

How many hydrogen atoms will a single carbon atom bond with to form a stable molecule?

four

Which of the following allows for communication and the passage of small molecules between adjacent cells?

gap junction

What are the three main components of connective tissue?

ground substance, fibers, cells

Which of the following is NOT one of the 4 primary tissue types? Histology Epithelial Muscle Nervous Connective

histology

The bonds (dotted blue lines) between neighboring water molecules in the figure are __________.

hydrogen bonds

When chondrocytes in lacunae divide and form new matrix, it leads to an expansion of the cartilage tissue from within. This process is called __________.

interstitial growth

The pH scale __________.

is based on the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

Both molecule A and molecule B are classified as __________.

lipids

Which of the following is NOT a manner in which any epithelial tissues or glands are classified? where secretions are released number of cell layers location in body shape of the cells

location in body

Which of the following would NOT be a constituent of a plasma membrane

messenger RNA

In which stage of mitosis do the identical sets of chromosomes line up along the midline or equator of the cell?

metaphase

A homeostatic imbalance that activates these bone cells would lead to a loss of bone density.

osteoclasts

What type of cell is shown at A?

osteocyte

Carbohydrates and proteins are built up from their basic building blocks by the ________.

removal of a water molecule between each two units

Which type of epithelium is specialized for the rapid exchange of materials across the cytoplasm of a cell, for instance, as in gas exchange across the thin walls of the air sacs in the lungs?

simple squamous

Injured cartilage might heal more quickly if a treatment were discovered that would __________.

stimulate blood vessels to develop within cartilage

What is intramembranous ossification?

the formation of bone from within fibrous membranes

A polar covalent bond is formed when:

there is unequal sharing of electrons between two atoms.

Which molecule (pictured) brings amino acids to the ribosome during translation?

transfer RNA (tRNA)

What distinguishes the gland in A from the gland in B?

whether or not the secretory cells are destroyed in the process of secretion