ANS 105 Final Exam review (NCSU-AngeVH-2017spring)

which are true 1. ferrets were reportedly used previously to run cables in some skyscrapers 2. cottontails, hares, and rabbits are able t regularly interbreed in the wild and in captivity 3. humans made rabbit specific diseases to decrease their overpopulation in Australia 4. The sphinx is a completely hypoallergenic cat

1&3

which of these is an example of taming 1. a lion performing a task via training by zookeepers 2. a pet dog showing his underbelly 3. mating a sow and a boar on the family farm to produce a tame piglet 4. feeding squirrels in your yard until you can approach and feed them out of your hand

1&4

compare fertility between dogs and wolves (one answer only) 1. wolf males are fertile seasonally, and dog males are fertile year-round 2. dog puppies open their eyes and are more active before same age wolf puppies 3. female wolves typically have two estrus cycles per year on average unlike dogs 4. wolf and dog social and sexual development happen equally (at the same time)

1

which are true regarding cat behavior 1. cat foot pads are sensory receptors and seem to handle heat better than people 2. all cat breeds can see the color red but only a few can see blue 3. cat whiskers are used to enhance cat's hearing through vibrations

1

which is true 1. In the middle ages cats were hated because their mention in the Bible was either always negative or nonexistent 2. In theory, 1 female cat and her descendants can have 420,000 offspring in four years 3. female cats have estrus cycles very similar to dogs (they are not induced ovulates are sometimes erroneously reported) 4. all cats respond similarly to catnip and it should not be a common cat treat

1

which is true regarding cat domestication 1. the elimination of the nomadic lifestyle led to large stores of grains and this led to cat domestication 2. the cat was worshipped in Egypt for many years but then the Egyptian people turned against them and massacred them to less than 10% of their original numbers 3. humans actively sought out cats and tried to domesticate them just like they did with the dog

1

Which is true 1. there have been at least 20,000 different dog breeds recorded over history 2. the grey wolf is more closely related to the domestic dog than to the red wolf 3. the grey wolf and the domestic dog differ only by 10% mitochondrial DNA 4. the grey wolf had 79 subspecies that offered traits to the current dog

1&2

Which are true 1. A zoonotic disease can pass from a dog to a human 2. Tuberculosis is highly treatable in dogs due to extensive research 3. Tularemia is a tick borne disease that is also called rabbit fever 4. Tetanus is caused by a contagious neurotoxin in dogs 5. FeLV is less common in the US than FIV

1&3

Which are true 1. Signs of sickness include swelling, white spots, and skin darkening 2. A 20 day quarantine is recommended for adding new fish 3. Most infectious diseases will appear within a month 4. Fish cannot be put under anesthesia

1&3

Which is true 1. The ideal score for a dog on the Purina body condition scoring chart is approx. a 4.5 2. An example of a canine that always requires a specialized diet is a search and rescue dog 3. Cats require dietary niacin, arachidonic acid, and vitamin A while dogs do not 4. Mixed breeds are almost always free of genetic diseases compared to pure breeds

1&3

two questions people are legally allowed to ask a handler regarding their service dog

1) Is it required for a disability? 2) what work or task has the dog been trained to perform?

Which are signs that a dog is going into labor? 1. Not eating, lack of appetite 2. Body temp decreases by 2 degrees 3. Increased restlessness 4. Bloody discharge

1,2,3

who is the local scientist that was featured in the Dogs Decoded video and runs the Duke Canine Cognition Program?

Brian Hare

Bacterial disease in birds

Chlamydiosis

urinary stones in cats that can be life threatening

FUS

the most popular United States native cat breed

Maine coon

Which bird order does the cardinal belong to?

Passerformes

mall cat breed, Has beige coat and bred for its kitten-like qualities

Singapura

breed associated with allergies

Westie

Bred for rodent control and hunting game Largest breed in the terrier group

airedale terrier

Developed in Japan, they symbolize health and wellbeing They tend to be wary of strangers and often intolerant of other animals, but often silly, loyal, and affectionate with owners and family. Health issues may include bloat, hip dysplasia, and progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) which can lead to blindness and cataracts. They have an attractive thick double coat - a soft undercoat and longer protective guard hairs Their coats make them odorless must be well socialized from birth with people and other dogs.

akita

which are true 1. to breed rabbits you should place the female in the males cage 2. hamster females are typically aggressive and dominate the males 3. sugar gliders may self-mutilate if housed in non-social settings 4. prairie dogs may self mutilate if housed in non-social settings

all

Originally developed in England and brought to the U.S. to compete in fighting pits (thus the name pit type dogs)

am staff

Bred in America, they are known for their ear type

american curl

Many people believe that they are allergic to cat fur. What are they actually allergic to?

amino acid in saliva

fish produce what in their waste (which is toxic) and therefore bacteria is needed to convert it to nitrite. Nitrite is also toxic, so another bacteria converts it to what.

ammonia, nitrate

Three classifications of amphibians

anura, caudata, apoda

commonly deadly problem if ferrets do not get spayed

aplastic anemia

Used most for herding livestock and working as all-purpose farm and ranch dogs. Also: guide dogs for the blind, hearing dogs for the deaf, pet therapy dogs, drug detectors, and search-and-rescue dogs.

australian shepherd

Two basic components of the skeleton

axial and appendicular

tuberculosis: fungal bacterial or viral?

bacterial

believed to be bred in Europe for hunting rabbits Gentle, friendly disposition but needs early socialization & training as they are very curious Tend to overeat and steal food, must keep a close eye on their diet and weight

beagle

breed associated with cherry eye/entropion

beagle or bloodhound

Require low copper, high zinc diet

bedlington terrier

Used to hunt vermin and for entertainment - the miners enjoyed racing these speedy dogs (shape lends to great endurance & speed) Best known for its woolly coat, that gives them the appearance of a lamb copper toxicities / liver disease is the primary concern

bedlington terrier

often used for police work due to speed and training ability

belgian malinois

what is the most important fish filter?

biological

Proved to be a tireless worker for law enforcement; evidence provided by them can be accepted in the court of law

bloodhound

Classic farm dog, medium-sized and athletic, the breed controls flock with stalking movement and an intense gaze

border collie

Breed associated with brain tumors and epilepsy

boxer

problems with pedigree dogs? (video)

bred for looks rather than health

What two things do dog hierarchies in multi-dog families depend on?

breed and temperament

named for a french province natural pointers, excellent retrievers, great hunting companions require a few minutes of brushing/grooming each day easily trained, submissive, and want to please short tail

brittany

Bacterial disease that can cause infertility

brucellosis

Coat colors: brindle, white, red, fawn, fallow, or piebald One of most popular breeds because of lovable and gentle disposition and adorable wrinkles Originated in the British Isles Originally bred for ferocity, they were used in dog fighting in England until it became illegal in 1835. Health Problems are numerous and owners should be aware & this is one of the reasons that there is a large controversy surrounding this dog breed.

bulldog

Toto from The Wizard of Oz Harsh, weather-resistant outer coat Sporty, vivacious and will not resist a challenge despite their smaller size

cairn terrier

dog scientific name

canis familiaris

The largest nutritional component of a dog's diet should be

carbs

breed associated with syringomyelia

cavalier king charles spaniel

Once used in religious ceremonies and were pets to the rich sassy with a saucy expression

chihuahua

the most researched and easiest to manage exotic pet discussed

chinchilla

nicknamed the "boat man's dog" mariners took this breed on ships with them to hunt vermin.

chinese crested

one of the most common hamster breeds

chinese hamster

Described as a powerful, sturdy dog of Arctic type, medium in size and muscular with heavy bones. Catlike personality makes them more independent, stubborn, and less eager to please humans than other breeds; need early socialization & can be shy with strangers Used for: hunting (bear & wolves), herding, pulling, and protection of the home. Shown in 5 colors: red, black, blue, cinnamon and cream. Known for blue/black tongue (unique to this breed) and stilted gait. Said to be the original ancestor of the Samoyed, Norwegian, Elkhound, Pomeranian, and Keeshond but ... Coats rough or smooth (regular grooming and bathing is a must to maintain their coats). eye problems are most common health issue

chow chow

Can be shown via the elongated backs/short legs in Basset Hounds and Dachshunds

chrondodystrophy

related to the raccoon, can be aggressive and highly driven by scent

coatimundi

Testicles do not descend correctly

cryptorchidism

"sausage dog", "badger dog" Their courageousness & potential fierceness and size made them ideal for following badgers, weasels and foxes back problems

dachshund

Only spotted breed. Coat is short and white with black or liver (brown) spots Puppies are born white and spots develop later. bilateral deafness affects at least 10-12% - unilateral much higher; urinary stones and blockage, and skin allergies, etc

dalmatian

Which dog breed is thought to get along well with horses and would run alongside coaches?

dalmatian

determine their social status by the size of their stick pile

degu

extremely sensitive to high sugar diets which often cause them to develop diabetes and die

degu

which species is uniquely sensitive to caffeine?

degu

Mites associated with this disorder have less zoonotic potential than mites associated with sarcoptic mange

demodicosis

This disease is similar to measles in humans and is the leading cause of dog infectious diseases worldwide

distemper

which virus is considered 100% fatal in ferrets?

distemper

which head type has the largest field of vision?

doliocephalic

difficult labor

dystocia

T or F: Dalmatians that have blessed spots (less defined) are often more deaf

false

T or F: Eating grass is a sign of illness in domestic cats

false

T or F: In ancient Egypt, no one could own cats because they were sacred

false

T or F: Neuse River Golden Retriever rescue does on-site adoptions

false

T or F: Rabbits are considered rodents

false

T or F: it is estimated that there are over 82 million American homes with pets

false

T or F: the Grand Chinchilla breed is an example of a heavy breed in rabbits

false

T or F: the anura amphibian class is known to be legless

false

T or F: saltwater fish are usually best in water with a pH of 6.0

false, higher

T or F: Megan Standish is a war veteran that started Fantastic Tails, a service dog organization

false: Triumphant tails

T or F: Betsy the Border Collie had a vocabulary of over 450 words and is assumed to have above average intelligence for a dog

false: probably more or less words

cat scientific name

felis catus

considered a true carnivore (pocket pet)

ferret

pointers, setters, or spaniels that move game (flush it) toward their human

flushing

pointers and setters that find game and silently point toward it

forerunners

three general groupings of sporting group dogs

forerunners, flushing, retrievers

ringworm: fungal bacterial or viral?

fungal

the most basic unit of inheritance

gene

they have long tails and are monogamous rodents

gerbil

breed associated with ataxia (hind legs)

german shepherd

Have vitamin B12 deficiencies

giant schnauzer

Originally used as a cattle driving dog (and guarder), it is now used for police work (and pets). breed is slow to mature, and is also very strong

giant schnauzer

breed associated with cancer

golden retriever

Protects the flocks and herds from predators such as wolves, bears, other dogs, etc. ex. Akita, Mastiff, Schnauzer

guard dogs

three general groups of working group dogs

guard, sled, and rescue

must have vitamin C in their diet year round

guinea pig

catch colds easily and hibernate at temps below 5 degrees celsius

hamster

original purpose for tail docking and ear cropping

health reasons, can prevent infection

need to be fed to encourage foraging behavior since they easily become obese, burrowing animals that are considered a very primitive species

hedgehog

cages should not be made of wire or they can get stuck

hedgehogs

the newest AKC classification; its members were formerly members of the Working Group. Pure instinct prompts these dogs to herd their owners, which can be worrisome with children. These intelligent dogs make excellent companions and respond beautifully to training & competitions.

herding group

With which god/goddess were cats associated with?

Bastet

Which are true 1. Cats are induced ovulators 2. At least 25% of cats and dogs in the US are seriously overweight 3. Bitches come into heat twice per year 4. The term "with" on pet food label means that at least 25% of the product contains whatever it is with

1,2,3

which are true 1. rabbits are hindgut fermenters, similar to horses, so they need a lot of fiber 2. guinea pigs are born mature and are able to eat adult food almost immediately 3. male rabbits will attack other juvenile males when the juveniles reach puberty 4. guinea pigs are closely related to pigs

1,2,3

which are true regarding guinea pigs 1. they were originally domesticated and bred for human consumption 2. they do not have a normal metabolic gut fill and therefore tend to overeat in captivity 3. they have continually growing teeth and need chew toys 4. females are called does and males are called bucks

1,2,3

Which are true 1. Dogs have 39 chromosome pairs while cats have 19 2. Dry food is often most recommended due to less spoilage and less teeth concerns 3. The skull is composed of one bone 4. Boredom can be a link to animal obesity, so adequate mental stimulation is recommended 5. Dominant dogs are hard to recognize, thus making dog fights common

1,2,4

Which are true 1. Genetic problems are thought to be responsible for $1 billion+ dog health expenses yearly 2. The wolf brain is thought to be smaller than the dog brain 3. Over the counter medications can be especially problematic in fish medicine 4. Genetic defects are though to be most commonly from recessive genes

1,2,4

which are true 1. rabbits are unable to vomit, making hairballs a potential health issue 2. mice can be too delicate to be pets for children 3. hedgehogs are almost never found with external parasites (mites) because they have spines and not fur 4. temperatures should not exceed 80 degrees in a chinchillas enclosure

1,2,4, hedgehogs have lots of mites

which are true regarding dogs 1. evidence of domestication has been found in several countries leading to the idea that the dog was domesticated simultaneously around the world at about the same time. 2. dogs still have the full array of predatory behavior seen in wolves. 3. selective breeding began at least 5000 years ago 4. insurance companies can deny coverage to homeowners with specific dog breeds 5. dogs are normally more aggressive and fight more toward each other than do wolves 6. Dogs in NC are considered property

1,3,4,5,6

hamsters commonly experience which health concerns 1. distemper 2. mammary tumors 3. streptococcal pneumonia 4. wet tail diarrhea

4

% of weekly intake for healthy companion animal treats

5-10

what percent of humans talk to their pets as if it were human?

65%

% carbs typically needed for a dog

65-70

current (primary) reason for tail docking and ear cropping

AKC showing

the dog was first known to be completely domesticated how many years ago?

15,000

% protein typically needed for a dog

18-25

How many fish are estimated to be pets in US households?

192 million

Which are true 1. Granny the fish had surgery for consuming a penny in a pond 2. Blood samples and fecal samples can be collected rom fish 3. Ultrasounds can be used in fish work, but radiographs are still too problematic 4. Tegu are a type of fish that are invasive to NC rivers 5. Racing dogs need more fiber

2

Which is true 1. Lyme disease is often referred to as "lockjaw" 2. Feline infectious peritonitis is caused by a corona virus 3. Salmonellosis is a lung infection 4. Coccidiosis only occurs in dogs

2

Which is true 1. Mutations are always harmful to species 2. Calico cats are almost always female 3. All inbreeding should be illegal as it always results in bad things 4. Females are XY and males are XX

2

which are examples of neoteny 1. eating more food and drinking more water 2. having high curiosity for everything 3. decreased overall size 4. decreased barking

2

which of the following is not a common household breed of guinea pig? 1. abyssinian 2. mongolian 3. texel 4. coronet

2

Which of the following are not true regarding birds? 1. birds are conservative feeders 2. birds are easier to handle in high-key lighting where you can see them very well 3. the number one cause of death in birds is due to birds not having enough room 4. aviaries are the best type of bird cage

2&3

which of the following is true regarding cats 1. the hunting instinct is often missing in cats 2. neoteny in a cat can be observed via it nursing on the owner's chin or finger 3. it is accepted that cats were domesticated from south american wild cats 4. cats exhibit more wild behaviors than other domestic animals 5. there are currently certified hypoallergenic cat and dog breeds. While expensive, they solve all allergy concerns

2&4

which are true 1. prairie dogs were the center of bad attention due to them being suspected of transferring ebola to several children 2. the CDC considers salmonella to be a serious risk from handling reptiles 3. 13% of US homes reportedly own "herptiles" 4. fish tank decorations and gravel can be dangerous if chosen incorrectly.

2&4, herptiles 3%, monkey pox not ebola

which are true regarding cat social hierarchy 1. even after a hierarchy is formed, fighting is still quite common 2. intact males usually rule, depending on strength and agility 3. some cats are so low in hierarchy that they get abused if not separated 4. intact females rank increases as their number of litters increases.

2,3,4

Which are true 1. The same medicines can be used on both dog and cat species to eliminate fleas and ticks 2. Cats have fewer common genetic diseases than dogs 3. Insects have too much calcium compared to phosphorous and therefore owners need to be careful when feeding them to reptiles and birds 4. Amphibians return to the water in order to reproduce 5. It is recommended that bulldogs always have a planned c-section

2,4,5

Which of the following is not one of the 4 main aggression groups? 1. Dominance 2. Possessive 3. Predation 4. Territorial

3

in regards to ASPCA and HSUS which is true 1. money donated to these groups trickles down and goes to local shelters 2. the SPCA of wake county is directly affiliated with the ASPCA 3. funds are allocated towards lobbying for animal related policies- not shelters 4. the ASPCA and HSUS regulate breed standards

3

Which are true 1. Ovaban and cheque drops are always healthy ways to prevent pregnancy in dogs 2. A cat's reproductive life is usually until they are 7 years old 3. Tubal ligations and vasectomies are typically more expensive than spaying and castrating although they are more appropriate in some professional opinions 4. Cats are polyestrus, thus, they can cycle in and out of heat several times during the breeding season if they do not become pregnant

3&4

which are true 1. amphibians are born carnivorous 2. fluorescent lighting heats water and is a poor choice for fish tanks 3. fish can lay eggs or give live birth 4. cats and reptiles both have the flehmen reaction 5. poison arrow frogs are a dangerous companion animal

3&4

which are true regarding reptiles 1. the US is the world's largest consumer of live reptiles for the food industry 2. Caudata is a classification of reptiles that includes turtles 3. at least 14 million reptiles are owned within the US 4. amphibians are first thought to have evolved from primitive fish 350 million years ago

3&4

the cat was first thought to be domesticated how many years ago?

3,000

female mice and rats come into heat every how many days?

4

May be the oldest purebred dogs. They are a very diverse lot with common ancestral traits used for hunting. They can be used for sight, scent, or a combination of the two

hound group

unique white cord coat that protects and camouflages them

komondor

Medium-sized, athletic with short water resistant coat and "otter" tail that enables it to function as a retrieving gun dog. prime breed for guide and rescue great family pet

lab

what is the current number one use for mice and rats?

lab animals

breed associated with eye and joint problems

labrador retriever

breeding pets separated by at least 1 generation

linebreeding

two reasons that cats scratch furniture

mark territory and grind nails

external parasite that causes heartworms, which are internal parasites

mosquitoes

only live 1-2 years and only 1 species of the 35 known is a pet

mouse

which are true 1. it is recommended that rabbits get at least 20 hours of natural sunlight each week 2. the domestic ferret is the same species as the black footed ferret 3. gerbils are not legal to own as pets in Hawaii due to cited ecological concerns 4. All pocket pets are truly less than 3 lbs.

none, 3 is ferrets

They are a diverse group of dogs coming from varied sizes, personalities and appearances.

nonsporting group

First breed of cat selectively bred to resemble the wild type

ocicat

process by which bones grow

ossification

incompletely dominant gene in Scottish folds

osteochondrodyslpasia

laying eggs

oviparous

Means "butterfly" in French Acquired its name from its ears (set on top of the head with fringes that resemble butterfly wings). Long, silky straight coat. Always parti-colored or white with patches of any color. Requires a lot of grooming.

papillon

herding group breed Typically is born with no tail. If born with tail, it is docked very short. Drive cattle by barking and nipping at cattle's ankles instead of just herding

pembroke welsh corgi

most popular cat breed in the united states

persian

when a pig and a dog get into a fight, is it the pig or the dog that usually starts it?

pig

difference between pit bull and am staff

pit bulls are taller and heavier pit bulls not recognized by AKC but are recognized by UKC am staffs have "friendlier disposition"

Aggressive boar and bear hunter with "musical voice", ancestors from Germany NC State dog

plott hound

Dogs can respond to these human behaviors that monkeys and wolves cannot (from video)

pointing, eye movement, facial expression

example of breed in small rabbit class

polish

diurnal animal with common dental and respiratory disease

prairie dog

became less popular in 2003 due to monkey pox outbreak

prairie dogs

breed associated with crooked spine, blocked airways

pug

multum in parvo "a lot in a small space"

pug

size can vary from approx 1lb to over 20lbs

rabbit

Large and can be annoyingly loving, shed little with semi-long fur

ragdoll

very intelligent and fun and can chew through wood

rat

ex. Newfoundland, Portuguese water dog, Saint Bernard

rescue dogs

what is the first thing you should do before you get a pet?

research

large and strong dogs with good noses and excellent eyesight. main function is fetching and returning game to human

retrievers

Named for the town in Germany where the breed was developed. Origin is not completely known. Hunted boar, guard and drove cattle, and worked with police. Good natured, loyal, and obedient Will forget they're not a toy breed and will plop into your lap A powerful dog with natural instinct to protect family and home (aloof with strangers although an owners best friend) Life expectancy: 10 yr Can be difficult to train and requires a lot of patience and commitment from an experienced owner. Needs lots of exercise and moderate grooming. A quiet, calm, and intelligent breed.

rottweiler

Originally known as the archangel cat, have vivid green eyes and a shy nature

russian blue

homozygous gene that occurs in the manx

sacrocaudal dysgenesis

when a cat scratches, in which of the three main ways is it communicating?

scent

three types of communication in cats

scent, vocalization, and body motions

Discriminative selection based on presence of desired structural or behavioral characteristics

selective breeding

Originally bred in Montana, this breed has plush, loose curls

selkirk rex

How are dogs able to detect the presence of drugs, even if the drugs are being covered by a wide variety of other things?

sense discrimination

Oldest and smallest Japanese dog breed

shiba inu

Very talkative and often have crossed eyes (although not allowed for show animals)

siamese

Bred to pull sleds or herd reindeer. They have thick double coats that allow them to withstand strong arctic winds and subzero temps. ex. Alaskan malamute & samoyed (strength), siberian husky (speed)

sled dogs

examples of pedigree health problems

spaniels with brains too big for their skulls (syringomyelia) boxers with epilepsy pugs with breathing problems bulldogs that require C-section

This breed should not be bathed with soap and water, made famous via a movie

sphynx

specialized hunters that locate game and often collect it. very energetic and need lots of exercise

sporting group

Name two important things the Koi fish are judged on in competitions via Dr. Lewbart

spots and color

breed associated with enzyme deficiency

springer spaniel

difference between subspecies and breed

subspecies - natural selection and geographically isolated breed - artificial selection and not geographically isolated

needs the largest cage of all exotic species listed

sugar glider

when one litter can have multiple fathers

superfecundity

when a cat comes back into after she is pregnant

superfetation

Two general functions of the skeleton

support and storage

Feisty, lively dogs whose physical sizes range dramatically. Typically have low tolerance for other dogs (cats or vermin) although usually bond to their caring owners. Their ancestors were bred to hunt and kill vermin. Many have the attitude that they're ready for an argument or activity. Many have wiry coats that require special grooming. In general, they make great pets, but require owners with the determination and skill to match.

terrier group

name the seven AKC dog groups

terrier, toy, working, sporting, hound, non-sporting, herding

What are neuticles?

testicular prosthetic implants for neutered pets

Why are the caudal vertebrae so variable in numbering in companion animals

they limp?

roundworms

toxocariasis

They are usually miniature versions of all the other groups of dogs. They are small but often tough. Kept by royalty until recently...used to guard treasures. Dwarfism was very popular in Asian breeders.

toy group

T or F: Cats should have taurine in their diet

true

T or F: Degu use UV light to communicate

true

T or F: Hip dysplasia is a disease example of polygenic inheritance

true

T or F: One female cat can have over 100 kittens throughout her reproductive life

true

T or F: cats are considered true carnivores

true

T or F: cats are more common as pets compared to dogs

true

T or F: pigs can get rabies

true

T or F: puppies are usually born 15-21 minutes apart

true

T or F: the hormone responsible for the bond between owners and pets, as well as mothers and babies, is oxytocin

true

T or F: when pit type dogs are banned, at least 5 breeds and their mixes are included

true

T or F: worm larva may be dormant for an extended period of time and then reactivate due to stresses

true

Have been called the swimming cats

turkish van

distemper: fungal bacterial or viral?

viral

coprophagy is practiced to obtain...

vitamin K (and others)

Referred to as "velcro" dogs because of their loyalty and affection towards owners. They have a very deep chest, which increases their risk for bloat.

vizsla

since Dalmatians produce uric acid instead of urea, it is important that they have more of this available in their diet than the average dog

water

"gray ghost" friendly, fearless, alert, obedient require rigorous daily exercise webbed feet - good swimmers Surprisingly, the blue-gray coat that is one of their most distinguishable features is considered a defect. Therefore, blue coats are not allowed to compete in dog shows.

weimaraner

They were bred to guard property, pull sleds and perform water rescues. They are primarily large, strong and very energetic dogs requiring lots of exercise and a dominant owner.

working group