ANTH 2302 - Quiz 1

What is antiquarianism? o A desire to collect material evidence relating to the past usually leading to the object being removed from its place of origin o A desire to collect antiques that can be used to authenticate biblical stories o A desire to collect antiques that can be used to refute biblical stories o A desire to collect material evidence relating to the past that is still in its place of origin

A desire to collect material evidence relating to the past usually leading to the object being removed from its place of origin

What process below is NOT considered to be a Natural site formation process? o A forest fire started by a lazy camper o Erosion caused by wind and water o Erosion caused by glacial movement o Freezing and then thawing temperatures

A forest fire started by a lazy camper

What is Historia? o Collecting and studying historical artifacts away from their place of origin o The study of the remote past using myths, legends and material remains. o A form of questioning similar to testing a hypothesis that involves recording eyewitness accounts of the more recent past to create a historical narrative o Speculative chronologies based on distant memories of hero cults like The Iliad and the Odyssey

A form of questioning similar to testing a hypothesis that involves recording eyewitness accounts of the more recent past to create a historical narrative

What is an archaeological site? o A place that shows evidence of past human activity o Any place older than 100 years o An internet page that contains archaeological information o Any place where humans have left at least 20 artifacts

A place that shows evidence of past human activity

What is the most destructive site formation disturbance? o Agriculture o Looting o Bombing o Construction

Agriculture

The ancient roman view of history was? o Ancient artifacts were not needed to learn about the past but they were really useful to decorate their houses o The main purpose of ancient artifacts was as tools for learning about the past o Ancient artifacts were not needed to learn about the past as the past was identical to the present o Ancient artifacts were ignored as they were primitive and not useful

Ancient artifacts were not needed to learn about the past but they were really useful to decorate their houses

1. Which statement below is NOT a Medieval behavior or viewpoint? o Ancient behaviors and material goods were very different from Medieval behaviors and material goods o The world was begun in 4004 BC (James Usher) o The only certain/ true knowledge could be found in the bible and the surviving histories of Greece and Rome o Digging for artifacts during Medieval times was to obtain Christian relics not for historical knowledge

Ancient behaviors and material goods were very different from Medieval behaviors and material goods

What is under the vatican? o Buried ancient Roman graves and dead Popes o Dirt, worms, etc. o We don't know I guess we need to dig o Ancient alien technology like a spaceship

Buried ancient Roman graves and dead Popes

What is the most common process by which an artifact can enter the archaeological context? o Discard o Loss o Abandonment o Burial

Discard

A gopher burrowing through your site is an example of what kind of site formation process? o Fauna turbation o Flora turbation o Cryoturbation Argiliturbation

Fauna turbation

What did Giovanni Battista Belzoni do? o He was a circus strongman who "acquired" Egyptian antiquities to sell o He discovered the tomb of King Tut o He found the bodies at Pompeii o He created the moundbuilder myth

He was a circus strongman who "acquired" Egyptian antiquities to sell

When artifacts are associated with human behavior they are said to be? o In the systemic context o In the archaeological context o In the situ context o In the ethnographic context

In the systemic context

In 1848, a work was published called "ancient monuments of the Mississippi valley", which statement below is NOT true about this work? o In this work, the Smithsonian attributed all earthworks to the existing and indigenous Native Americans o It was a systematic survey and compilation of work of sites, mounds and earthworks in the United States o It included reports and surveys of some early excavations o It was the Smithsonian's first publication

In this work, the Smithsonian attributed all earthworks to the existing and indigenous Native Americans

What is the definition of archaeology? o Investigation of beliefs in historic cultures by careful removal of all artifacts o Interpretation of ancient cultures framed by evolution o Interpretation of earlier cultures by examining structures and artifacts left behind o d. A systematic way of digging to get historic articles for museums

Interpretation of earlier cultures by examining structures and artifacts left behind

Why is the Rosetta stone so important to archaeology? o It is the key to being able to read Egyptian hieroglyphics as it contains a translation of hieroglyphics into ancient demotic script and Greek o It is the key to being able to read Egyptian hieroglyphics as it contains a translation of hieroglyphics into English o Its removal from Egypt by Napoleon stopped the plundering of ancient Egyptian monuments o Without it we would never have found the tomb of KingTut

It is the key to being able to read Egyptian hieroglyphics as it contains a translation of hieroglyphics into ancient demotic script and Greek

How did Antiquarianism begin? o It started with increasing trade in places like Verona which led to an understanding that the past had been very different o It started with the discovery of King Tut's tomb o It started with James Usher and his work on defining the biblical timeline o It started with Peter the Great and his creation of St. Petersburg

It started with increasing trade in places like Verona which led to an understanding that the past had been very different

A pirate buried treasure on an Island but is killed before he can retrieve it. What kind of site formation process would this be? o Loss o Cache o Burial o Abandonment

Loss

What is the easily identified geologic layer whose age is independently confirmed at numerous locations is called? o Marker bed o Marker layer o Marker level o Marker stratum

Marker bed

Who is credited with being the first archaeologist? o Roman emperor Augustus o Nabonidus a neo-Babylonian king o Herodotus who was an ancient Greek o Peter the Great in 17th century Russia

Nabonidus a neo-Babylonian king

When referring to site formation processes, what are the two categories of processes that affect sites. o Natural and Cultural o Cold and Hot o Artificial and real o Prehistoric and historic

Natural and Cultural

What is the site formation process that takes artifacts from the archaeological context back to the systemic context called? o Reclamation o Disturbance o Cache Reuse

Reclamation

What is the site formation process that keeps artifacts in the systemic context longer than would be expected called? o Reuse o Reclamation o Cache o Burial

Reuse

Everything surrounding and affecting an artifact including where the artifact was found including stratigraphy, location, time, associated artifacts (who, what, where, when, how, why) is called: o The context o Stratigraphy o The framework o Deposition

The context

Egyptology is a part of classical archaeology, why is it distinctive from other forms of classical archaeology? o There is a substantial interest in the precise location of objects within a context and ancient technology o There is no interest in deciphering ancient scripts as there were no ancient Egyptian scripts o There was no way to determine a chronology of ancient Egypt rulers like those we have for ancient Rome and Greece o There had been no disturbance of sites either in ancient or modern times

There is a substantial interest in the precise location of objects within a context and ancient technology

What work was William Camden responsible for and what did he get wrong? o Writing "Britannia" which was the first comprehensive archaeological survey of an entire country but he thought Stonehenge was Roman or post Roman o Writing about the legend of Arthur but he thought Stonehenge was created by Merlin o Writing about the Moundbuilders but he thought the moundbuilders were Aztecs o Writing "Britannia" which was the first comprehensive archaeological survey of an entire country but he thought that the Giants causeway was Roman

Writing "Britannia" which was the first comprehensive archaeological survey of an entire country but he thought Stonehenge was Roman or post Roman