ANTH Chapter 1

Anthropologists use the term "gender" to refer to a. biological identity b. a culturally shaped role for each sex in a given society c. sexual status d. race roles

a culturally shaped role for each sex in a given society

The branch of anthropology that is concerned with discovering what makes human beings different from other living organisms and what human beings share with other members of the animal kingdom is called a. applied anthropology b. archaeology c. biological anthropology d. cultural anthropology

biological anthropology

Linking questions of human health and illness in local settings to social, economic, and political processes operating on a global level is characteristic of a. the "new" biological anthropology b. applied ethnology c. critical medical anthropology d. science studies

critical medical anthropology

To claim that members of a particular social group do not typically eat insects because they have learned to label insects as inedible is to use an explanation based on a. culture b. biology c. ethnocentrism d. genetic programming

culture

A description of a particular culture is called an a. ethnohistory b. ethnography c. ethnology d. ethnographer

ethnography

A comparative study of many cultures is called a. ethnohistory b. ethnography c. ethnology d. ethnographer

ethnology

Anthropologists place their observations about human culture and society in a temporal framework. This consideration of change over time relies on theories of a. holism b. ethnology c. evolution d. developmental anthropology

evolution

Most anthropologists reject single cause explanations of human behavior. Instead, they employ a perspective that is a. humanistic b. ethnological c. evolutionary d. biocultural

evolutionary (also use holistic and comparitive)

Paleoanthropologists study a. modern apes b. biological variation in living human populations c. fossilized bones and teeth d. nutrition and physical development

fossilized bones and teeth

The roles, activities, and characteristics that a culture assigns to each sex are known as a. sex types b. kin types c. gender roles d. race roles

gender roles

After the end of the Cold War in 1989, local communities all over the world began to experience increasing movement and mixture, contacts and linkages, and persistent cultural interaction and exchange. Anthropologists call this experience a. colonialism b. capitalism c. self-determination d. globalization

globalization

An anthropologist is sitting in the town square in a Bolivian village watching a group of women who are chatting. One wanders over and asks the anthropologist if she would like to join them in shopping for thread for their looms and then help to string the looms. She agrees, and they go off together. This form of research is called a. participant-observation b. working with informants c. cultural sharing d. reciprocal research

participant-observation

Which of the following is NOT a major subfield of North American anthropology? a. archaeology b. cultural anthropology c. biological anthropology d. physiological anthropology

physiological anthropology

Social groupings that allegedly reflect biological differences are called a. races b. populations c. cultures d. criteria

races

The people of society X believe that the people of society Y are inherently inferior to them biologically, and prevent them from gaining access to a high level of education and other resources. According to the text, this is an example of a. racism b. ethnocentrism c. labeling d. holism

racism

To emphasize that human beings are biocultural organisms means that a. human biology and culture both contribute to human behavior b. human biology makes culture possible and human culture makes human biological survival possible c. instinct must be recognized as an important part of any explanation of human behavior d. both a and b

-human biology and culture both contribute to human behavior -human biology makes culture possible and human culture makes human biological survival possible

Which of the following statement corresponds to anthropologist Daniel Miller's definition of the ​humility of things​? a. Objects are not important unless humans notice them b. Objects are not important because they do not resist human activity c. Objects are often important precisely because we do not see them d. Anthropologists used to pay attention to things, but stopped doing so when they recognized that symbols matter more.

Objects are often important precisely because we do not see them

By the early twentieth century, some anthropologists and biologists concluded that the concept of "race" was a. justified by the increasingly scientific biological research on human beings b. a cultural label invented by human beings to sort people into groups c. a political liability, although the evidence was increasingly strong in its favor d. a label that recognized important intellectual and biological differences among groups

a cultural label invented by human beings to sort people into groups

The major specialty within anthropology that uses information gathered from the other subfields in an effort to solve practical cross-cultural problems is a. applied anthropology b. archaeology c. biological anthropology d. cultural anthropology

applied anthropology

The subfield of anthropology that is concerned with proposing solutions to practical problems is called a. applied anthropology b. biological anthropology c. cultural anthropology d. linguistic anthropology

applied anthropology

Holism in anthropology is defined in the text as a. trying to study everything possible about a people during the course of a research trip b. integrating what is known about human beings and their activities at an inclusive level c. studying human biology and culture at the same time d. fitting together economics, political science, religious studies, and biology

integrating what is known about human beings and their activities at an inclusive level

The system of arbitrary symbols we use to encode out experience of the world and of one another is called a. culture b. language c. linguistics d. symbolism

language

Which of the following is NOT an element of the anthropological perspective? a. holism b. comparison c. an evolutionary approach d. learning dependency

learning dependency

Which of the following kinds of information are provided by the study of ancient DNA and other molecules recovered from fossilized bones and ancient artifacts? a. An individual's sex b. Migrations and contacts among ancient populations c. Information about ancient dietary practices d. All of the above

-An individual's sex -Migrations and contacts among ancient populations -Information about ancient dietary practices

To say that anthropology is a field-based discipline means that a. information about particular social groups comes through direct contact with them b. anthropology is based on experience with other ways of life c. the experience of being in the field is central to modern anthropology d. all of the above

-information about particular social groups comes through direct contact with them -anthropology is based on experience with other ways of life -the experience of being in the field is central to modern anthropology

A contemporary cultural anthropologist is likely to study a. political institutions in a village in another country b. kinship systems in an urban setting c. patterns of material life in his or her own society d. any of the above

-political institutions in a village in another country -kinship systems in an urban setting -patterns of material life in his or her own society

New emphasis on material culture in anthropology has come from a. the fields of cyborg anthropology and science studies b. new developments in archaeology c. increasing experience that people everywhere have with things like computers and cell phones. d. all of the above

-the fields of cyborg anthropology and science studies -new developments in archaeology -increasing experience that people everywhere have with things like computers and cell phones (all of the above, NOT 100% SURE)

A contemporary biological anthropologist is likely to study a. the relationship of nutrition and physical development b. nonhuman primates c. human origins d. any of the above

-the relationship of nutrition and physical development -nonhuman primates -human origins

To say that anthropology is comparative means that a. each anthropologist studies many different societies and cultures during his or her career b. anthropological generalizations must draw on evidence from many different societies and cultures c. anthropologists use data from many different academic fields of study when they do their research d. there is no one way for the anthropologist to do research

Anthropological generalizations must draw on evidence from many different societies and cultures

The major specialty within anthropology that involves the analysis of the material remains of the human past is called a. applied anthropology b. archaeology c. biological anthropology d. cultural anthropology

archaeology

The anthropological research methodology called participant-observation is characterized by a. long-term intensive interviewing of informants b. spending extended periods of time both watching and recording behavior, especially in public places c. both getting involved in social activities and watching those activities d. becoming a member of the society being studied

both getting involved in social activities and watching those activities

According to the text, evolution may be understood broadly as a. attributes and behaviors that are passed on by the genes b. beliefs and behaviors that are passed on by teaching and learning c. change over time d. transformations of species over time

change over time

An anthropologist studying a social group observes that people shake hands when greeting one another and concludes that handshaking is universal among human beings. This study is faulty because the anthropologist has not been a. holistic b. evolutionary c. ethnocentric d. comparative

comparative

Ethnographic research that focuses on human-machine hybrids that blur boundaries between nature and culture, the living and the nonliving, is known as a. cyborg anthropology b. globalization c. medical anthropology d. biological anthropology

cyborg anthropology

An extended period of close involvement by anthropologists with the people whose life is of interest to them is called a. fieldwork b. surveying c. interviewing d. information gathering

fieldwork

A study that examines how economics, politics, religion, and kinship shape one another in a specific society would be a. detailed b. cultural c. holistic d. comparative

holistic

Biological anthropologists are interested in a. the material remains of the human past b. human beings as biological organisms c. present-day social arrangements in human groups d. human symbolic communication

human beings as biological organisms

When anthropologists say that human beings are biocultural organisms, they mean that a. the goal of their research is to identify the genes cause human cultural behavior b. human biology and culture both contribute to human behavior c. cultural has replaced biology in human evolution d. human biology precedes culture in understanding human behavior

human biology and culture both contribute to human behavior

In the textbook, anthropology is defined as the study of a. human nature, human society, and the human past b. the remains of earlier societies and peoples c. the ways of life of contemporary peoples d. the physical and mental capacities of human beings

human nature, human society, and the human past

In a world in which people from different cultural backgrounds come into contact with one another for extended periods, anthropology offers a a. solution to cultural misunderstandings b. means of learning to cope with cultural differences c. way of determining which cultural background is better under the circumstances d. set of techniques for removing cultural barriers

means of learning to cope with cultural differences

An anthropologist who studies the environmental features and affect human well-being would probably be called a a. archaeologist b. linguistic anthropologist c. medical anthropologist d. primatologist

medical anthropologist

Biological anthropologists who study chimpanzees are likely to be a. cultural anthropologists b. medical anthropologists c. paleoanthropologists d. primatologists

primatologists

According to the text, culture consists of a. sets of learned behaviors and ideas that human beings acquire as members of society, together with the material artifacts and structures that human beings create and use b. those elements of the human experience that require education and good taste such as fine art, classical music, and ballet c. sets of innate instincts that enable human beings to function in a complex world d. those sets of behaviors and ideas that enable human beings to appreciate differences between one society and another

sets of learned behaviors and ideas that human beings acquire as members of society, together with the material artifacts and structures that human beings create and use

To cultural anthropologists, informants are people who a. are willing to share secrets about the lives of others in their community b. read the books and articles that cultural anthropologists write c. share information about their culture and language with anthropologists d. serve as research subjects

share information about their culture and language with anthropologists

According to anthropologist Daniel Miller, a. the merging of persons and things is impossible b. human persons are separate and distinct from material objects c. the best way to understand our humanity is through attention to our fundamental materiality d. both a and b

the best way to understand our humanity is through attention to our fundamental materiality

Globalization is defined by anthropologists as a. political conquest followed by enforced cultural change b. the incorporation of territories throughout the world into an economic system that is not an empire c. the reshaping of local conditions by powerful global forces on an ever-intensifying scale d. forms of communication made possible by the Internet

the reshaping of local conditions by powerful global forces on an ever-intensifying scale

Studying material culture is important to anthropologists because a. the way people deal with artifacts is shaped by the cultural meanings people attach to those artifacts b. material objects have obvious functional meanings that are the same for everyone c. the same object can mean different things to different people d. both a and c

the way people deal with artifacts is shaped by the cultural meanings people attach to those artifacts; the same object can mean different things to different people