anthro final

Bifacially flaked tools characterize the ___________ tool industry.

Achuelean

The most likely contender for the common ancestor of all later catarrhines is:

Aegyptopithecus.

Australopithecus anamensis shares features with apes including:

All of the above

Which model of modern human origins would predict the likely discovery of modern/archaic hybrid fossils?

Assimilation

The first Upper Paleolithic tool industry is the:

Aurignacian

Which of the following is not considered a robust australopithecine?

Australopithecus anamensis

What technique is used to date organic remains such as charcoal, bone, and shells?

Carbon 14 dating

At which Ethiopian site has the skeleton of a three-year-old Australopithecus afarensis been recovered?

Dikika

Where was the archaic Homo sapiens Bodo specimen found?

Ethiopia

The majority of Neanderthal fossils have been found in:

Europe

In which of the following species would you expect to find a large projecting canine tooth with a sharp edge on its back?

Gorilla

The Petralona skull dates to about 400,000 years ago and is from:

Greece

If you traveled back in time to Africa about 27 mya and came across a group of the early ape Proconsul feeding in a tree, what would NOT expect to see them doing?

Hanging by their tails

Homo rudolfensis is most similar in overall morphology to:

Homo habilis

Modern human traits including increasing brain size and dependence on material culture first show up in:

Homo habilis

Which stone tool technique used by middle Pleistocene hominids allows for the toolmaker to control the size and shape of the flake?

Levallois technique

Dinosaurs became extinct during which time period?

Mesozoic

During this era, reptiles were the dominant land animals.

Mesozoic

According to evidence from the fossil record, apes evolved from monkeys early in the _________

Miocene

Middle Paleolithic prepared-core stone tools, usually associated with Neanderthals, are called the:

Mousterian

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Neanderthal brains were notably smaller than those of modern humans.

The first non modern fossil of a human relative to be discovered, and recognized as such, was the:

Neanderthal skull from Germany

The Danish physician who developed the geologic principle of superposition, according to which rocks (and fossils) higher in a sequence are younger than those buried farther down, was:

Nicolaus Steno.

Both colobines and cercopithecines appear in the late Miocene fossil record, representing the two subfamilies of living:

Old world monkeys

The earliest hominid tools discovered thus far are

Oldowan tools

The ravine in northern Tanzania where many early hominid fossils have been recovered, often referred to as the "cradle of humankind," is:

Olduvai Gorge

Which of the following represents the earliest modern human?

Omo I

The study of human evolution through the fossil record is called

Paleoanthropology

All of the following represent geological eras except:

Pleistocene

Modern humans evolved in which geological epoch?

Pleistocene

The ____________ epoch is also know popularly as the "Ice Age"

Pleistocene

Put the eras in order from the oldest to the most recent:

Precambrian, Paleozoic , Mesozoic, Cenozoic

In which of the following extinct primates would you expect to find a 2 / 1 / 2 / 3 dental formula?

Preconsul

Early modern human fossils have been found at the site of ________ in Israel

Qafezh

Which of the following statements concerning Homo sapiens is FALSE?

The earliest Homo sapiens fossils are associated with cave art and other symbolic archeological remains.

Which of the following is not true of the Eocene euprimates?

They were quite large, greater than 20 kg.

Fossil traces are:

Traces of organisms that come in the form of prints

Some Neanderthal characteristics may have arisen as adaptations to a ______________ environment.

cold

Which of the following is NOT an organelle in the Eukaryotic Cell?

cyanobacteria

The space between the canine and the first premolar in the lower jaw of some primates is a(n):

diastema

All of the following are good conditions for soft materials to fossilize EXCEPT:

environments where water is biologically available to bacteria

Geologists have formulated the geological time scale to organize really long periods of time into eras, periods and what?

epochs

Postcranially, Neanderthals

had proportionally shorter lower limbs than modern humans

A fluorine analysis determines

if two or more specimens lived at the same time

Anatomical evidence from fossilized hand bones suggests the precision grips needed to make and use stone tools was present:

in Homo habilis and some Australopithecines.

Increased body size in Homo erectus relative to earlier hominids is most likely related to:

increased protein in the diet.

A sagittal keel:

is characteristic of Homo erectus.

Which anatomical feature would you expect to find in the fossil remains of a nocturnal species?

large eye orbits

Which of the following would NOT be part of an Oldowan toolkit?

long sharp blades

Owen Lovejoy's model for the origin of bipedalism focuses on:

males provisioning females and young.

Fossil evidence of cutmarks made with stone tools at early hominid sites suggest:

meat eating started before H. erectus but increased with more advanced technology.

Which of the following is NOT a derived characteristic that H. erectus shares with modern humans?

occipital bun

The group of archaic mammals that lived during the Paleocene epoch and are likely very closely related to the earliest primates are:

plesiadapiforms

The earliest life forms, single celled organisms, are:

prokaryotic cells

Homo erectus's cranial capacity:

ranges from 650 cc to 1,200 cc.

Damage to Neanderthal skeletons often occurs in bones from the upper body, mimicking injuries often seen in modern day:

rodeo riders

Classic Homo erectus cranial features include all of the following EXCEPT:

rounded skull

Which of the following has NOT been proposed as a model to explain the origin of modern Homo sapiens?

separate origns in Australia and the New World with migrations to other areas

Fossil remains of archaic Homo sapiens:

show a mixture of Homo erectus and H. sapiens traits.

The significance of the child's skeleton from Lagar Velho, Portugal, is that it:

shows Neanderthal and modern human features.

What is NOT an example of Oldowan tools?

sticks

If fossil species A is consistently recovered from geological deposits beneath layers containing fossil species B, then A is considered older than B. This relative dating technique is based on the principle of:

superposition

Homo erectus evolved all of the following key traits that paved the way for the emergence of Homo sapiens EXCEPT:

symbolic behavior

Which of the following has the greatest likelihood of becoming fossilized?

teeth

The best fossil evidence to suggest that Neanderthals could produce a language like that of modern humans comes from which bone(s) collected at Kebara, Israel?

the hyoid

A major shift by Homo habilis to new environments was characterized by:

tool use for obtaining and processing food.

A major difference between archaic humans and modern humans is that archaics have larger brow ridges.

true

Archaic humans had smaller teeth than their H. erectus ancestors, probably due to tool use to process food before chewing.

true

Atapuerca, Spain, has been declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site because of its abundant human fossils.

true

Using primate behavior as a model for early human behavior, anthropologists speculate that before hominins made stone tools, they probably

used sticks or other perishible materials like other modern primates

Broken Hill, Dali, and Atapuerca are Old World sites that contain the remains of:

archaic homo sapiens

According to geologists, the earth is approximately how old?

4.6 billion years

The Petralona skull dates to approximately how many years ago?

400,000

Which of the following is NOT one of the main methods for reconstructing ancient environments?

40K/40Ar analysis of lava flows and of ash layers.

The most common radiometric dating method is

c-14

Which dating method would be most appropriate for establishing the age of a volcanic ash layer from an early hominid site in eastern Africa?

40K/40Ar dating

As recently as a few hundred years ago, most Westerners thought the earth was about how many years old?

6,000

Fossil evidence for the earliest members of the genus Homo have been found from:

2.6-1.0 mya.

Analyses of modern human genetic variation suggest that Homo sapiens evolved approximately:

200,000 yBP.

When did Pangaea begin to break apart?

225-265 million years ago

Archaeological evidence from Shanidar Cave in Iraq

all of the above

Homo erectus skulls:

all of the above

The Laetoli footprints demonstrate that the foot of A. afarensis was humanlike in having:

all of the above

Archaeological evidence suggests that Neanderthals

all of these

Fossil remains from Dmanisi

all of these

Homo habilis gained the designation of a new genus because

all of these

Oldowan tools were made from what kind of stone material

all of these

The vigilance or visual surveillance model claims that:

all of these

Upper Paleolithic peoples used which of the following materials for art?

all of these

According to the Complete Replacement Model, modern humans first appeared in Africa

and migrated to other areas completely displacing all archaic populations